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This thesis deals with the growth dynamics of thin metal films by magnetron sputtering and their correlation with film properties, such as residual stress, microstructure and surface morphology. Various in situ and real-time diagnostic tools (substrate curvature-MOSS, Optical surface reflectivity spectroscopy-SDRS, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and electrical resistivity) were implemented. Coupling these investigations with ex situ characterization (HRTEM, STEM, DRX, XRR, EBSD) allows to understand the influence of kinetic and chemical effects (interfacial reactivity, alloying effect) on the early stages of growth (percolation and continuity) but also on the structural and morphological evolutions of high (Cu, Ag) and low (W) mobility metal films. A modeling approach was used for the case of Cu growth, where kinetic Monte Carlo atomistic simulations (kMC) give access to elementary growth mechanisms. This code, developed in-house to model the growth of thin films by magnetron sputtering, takes into account the specificities of this technique: angular and energetic distribution of the incident flux, energy deposition in (sub-)surface and evolution of the stress at grain boundaries. This coupling of experiments and modelling has demonstrated a complex interdependence of the deposition rate and energy deposition on the growth morphology and the intrinsic stress of Cu and Ag films. The stress level in these systems results from the competition of different atomic mechanisms. The kMC code shows that, in the absence of energetic particles, the compressive stress due to the diffusion of adatoms in the grain boundaries decreases with the deposition rate.In addition, the chemical effects studied comparatively in the Cu/Ge and Ag/Ge systems revealed a competition between interface energy, chemical reactivity and Ge segregation during growth. The growth mechanisms are different for both metals however, the presence of Ge (co-deposited or sublayer) leads to the same microstructural consequences, namely an improvement of the texture (111) and a decrease of grain size and surface roughness.Finally, this methodology applied to the growth of W-Si alloys showed that the critical thickness of the amorphous / crystal transition and the nucleation of either the or the phase strongly depends on the Si content.; Cette thèse est consacrée au suivi de la dynamique de croissance de films minces métalliques par pulvérisation magnétron et sa corrélation avec les propriétés des films, telles que les contraintes résiduelles, la microstructure et la morphologie de surface. Différents outils de diagnostic in situ et en temps réel (courbure du substrat-MOSS, spectroscopie de réflectivité optique de surface-SDRS, diffraction (DRX) et réflectivité (XRR) des rayons X et résistivité électrique) couplés à des caractérisations ex situ (HRTEM, STEM, DRX, XRR, EBSD) ont permis d’appréhender l’influence des effets cinétiques et chimiques (réactivité interfaciale, effet d’alliage) sur les premiers stades de croissance (percolation et continuité) et l’évolution structurale et morphologique de films métalliques de haute (Cu, Ag) et faible (W) mobilité.Cette approche est couplée à des simulations atomistiques par Monte Carlo cinétique (kMC) donnant accès aux mécanismes élémentaires de croissance dans le cas du Cu. Ce code, construit et développé pour modéliser la croissance des films minces par pulvérisation magnétron, tient compte des spécificités de cette technique : distribution angulaire et énergétique du flux incident, dépôt d’énergie en (sub-)surface et évolution des contraintes aux joints de grains. Ce couplage expérimental et numérique a mis en évidence une interdépendance complexe de la vitesse de dépôt et du dépôt d’énergie sur la morphologie de croissance et les contraintes intrinsèques des films de Cu et Ag. La génération de contraintes dans ces systèmes résulte de la compétition de différents mécanismes atomiques. Le code kMC montre que la contrainte de compression due à la diffusion des adatomes dans les joints de grains diminue avec la vitesse de dépôt en l’absence de particules énergétiques. De plus, les effets chimiques étudiés comparativement dans les systèmes Cu/Ge et Ag/Ge ont mis en évidence une compétition entre énergie d’interface, réactivité chimique et ségrégation du Ge lors de la croissance. Si les mécanismes de croissance sont différents pour les deux métaux, la présence de Ge (en co-dépôt ou en sous-couche) mène aux mêmes conséquences microstructurales, à savoir une amélioration de la texture (111) et une diminution de la taille des grains et de la rugosité de surface. Enfin, cette méthodologie appliquée à la croissance d’alliages W-Si a montré une dépendance de l’épaisseur critique de la transition amorphe/cristal et de la compétition entre nucléation de la phase et en fonction de la teneur de Si.

13 figures, 6 tables.-- Supplementary information available., Pyrolysis of formamidinium halide salts (FAI, FABr) results in a new type of amorphous carbon nitride materials with a mass fraction of 40–50% nitrogen content. Pyrolysis temperature drives final chemical composition, morphology, optical and electrical properties of the material independently of the halide precursor and identifying triazine ring, instead of typical heptazine unit, as the main building block of this material. We elaborated a temperature dependent mechanism of formation for these materials and foresee its potential value as native passivation layer in the field of perovskite solar cells., E.J.J-P acknowledges the funding support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR (project grants PID2019-107893RB-I00 and EIN2020-112315, respectively). M.H. acknowledges the funding support from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 for the Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2018-025222-I) and the project PID2019-108247RA-I00. R.A. acknowledges funding from the Spanish MICINN (project grant PID2019-104739 GB-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). RA also acknowledge to Government of Aragon (project DGA E13-20R (FEDER, EU)) and European Union H2020 program “ESTEEM3” (823717). A.A-C acknowledges financial support from Spanish MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 under project PID2019-104272RB-C51/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the Diputación General de Aragón under project T03_20R (Grupo Reconocido).

12 figures, 2 tables.-- Supporting information available., Ir/TiO2 catalysts promoted by niobium have been synthesized, characterized by different complementary techniques and tested for the total oxidation of a set of alkanes and their mixtures. The addition of appropriate amounts of niobium to Ir/TiO2 catalysts resulted in a remarkable increase in the catalytic activity compared to the Nb-free Ir/TiO2 catalysts. The promotion caused by the presence of niobium has been related to the massive presence of isolated IrOx surface species which, interestingly, present remarkable reducibility and, consequently, excellent catalytic activity. Conversely, the IrOx species formed in the catalyst in the absence of niobium also include IrO2 clusters with lower intrinsic reactivity. Similarly, Nb-loadings exceeding the theoretical monolayer tends to the formation of bulk Nb2O5 species on the titania surface that provokes the formation of IrO2 nanoclusters. A positive influence on the reactivity of non-stoichiometric surface non- Ti3+ species that generates oxygen vacancies is also observed., This work was supported by the Regional Government of Aragon (DGA) under the research groups support programme. We also thank the MAT2017-84118-C2-1-R MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ project and FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. This research was also funded by MINECO-Spain, grant number PRE2018-085211.