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The criminalization of behavior, whether of an individual or a collective, often represents a conflict between the norms governing a polity and the deviations of one of a few. Perhaps nowhere else is the issue of behavior criminalization more fraught with controversy than within the realm of sexuality, particularly with regard to issues of privacy and personal morality. More precisely, the curtailment of civil liberties based on one's sexual orientation has long been, and continues to be, a significant source of debate, often blurring the line between law and morality; a line which is often upheld, contested, and redefined within the legal realm (West 1988: 181). In recent years, advanced industrial nations have become more accepting of consensual sexual acts in a private, as evidenced by the English Wolfenden Committee (Ibid) which ruled that private sexual relations (including prostitution and homosexuality) were not within the domain to regulate. However, only one century ago the English system was not as forgiving of "deviant" sexual identities as a dark coverlet of heterosexism and irrational medical fears gripped the commonwealth and permeated popular consciousness (Wiggins 2000). ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred years after his death, the Marquis de Sade retains the power to enrage, shock, and scandalize. The name continues to be a symbol for what is vile and impure, even in age when titillation and pornography are freely available; de Sade would certainly engage and promote himself under such a banner today. Having spent most of his life in prison (nearly twenty-eight years), he was deprived of the licentious lifestyle that made him the object of such intense ire. Using the written word to scandalize much of the European literary world, de Sade embodied many contradictions central to the social unrest of the period and continued debates over obscenity in art. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk of contracting a disease is an occupational hazard of correctional employment and previous research finds that correctional officers report high levels of fear of contracting a transmittable disease while at work. Despite the relatively high level of risk of exposure to disease, very little is known about how fear of disease affects correctional officers' well-being and job performance. Based on a sample of correctional officers from Illinois, this research examines whether fear of occupational transmission of disease is an important work-related stressor. In addition, we test whether fear of disease is related to task avoidance and punitive attitudes toward inmates, two propositions that have been advanced in the literature. Implications for creating safe and healthy correctional environments are discussed. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a decade, New York-based photographer Larry Clark has created unflinching portraits of sexuality, deviance, and crime amongst American youth. Beginning with his incendiary 1994 debut "Kids," the mention of his name alone stirred both ire and adoration among those in several fields, including film and cultural studies. Clark has consistently questioned and subverted the normative order surrounding portrayal of youths in film and other symbolic media (most notably photography). In particular, Clark claims that many depictions of "ordinary" youth, in both urban and suburban settings, are in fact myth; the haze of speculation surrounding youth deviance only further confounds an understanding of them. In using inexperienced or first-time actors, as well as actual incidents of youth violence, Clark portrays youth stripped of innocence without the benefit of clear motives or outcomes, suggesting a mercurial and intractable problem. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]