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Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is characterized by excessive uncontrolled consumption of food, generating physical and emotional discomfort. The research focuses on investigating executive functions (EFs) in individuals with BED, focusing on Inhibitory Control (IC), with the ultimate objective of understanding the role of IC in irregular eating behavior. The research methodology was a systematic bibliographic review in the main databases and repositories using the keywords "binge eating", "eating disorder neuropsychology", "psychology", "executive functions" and "inhibitory control". The inclusion criteria were: a) empirical and review articles; b) approach to EFs and BED; c) researches in Portuguese and English. The results found indicated a scarcity of Brazilian studies on the topic, with only two of the 21 studies selected. The analysis of the main findings highlights the interconnection between BED and executive dysfunctions, especially IC, with possible structural changes in the brain reward system. In conclusion, the study evidenced the relevance of therapeutic interventions focused on IC training, in addition to exposing the lack of research in a country where eating disorders affect a large portion of the population. Furthermore, in future studies it is suggested to use approaches with greater standardization, objective assessment methods and consideration of environmental factors to advance the understanding of the role of IC in BED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El presente estudio evaluó el impacto de las actividades lúdicas estructuradas en la reducción de la hiperactividad y la mejora de la atención en niños con TDAH. Participaron 50 niños, divididos en un grupo experimental que realizó actividades lúdicas durante ocho semanas y un grupo de control sin intervención. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo experimental experimentó una reducción significativa del 20% en la hiperactividad y una mejora del 37% en la atención sostenida. Estas mejoras fueron atribuidas a la estructura de las actividades lúdicas, que promovían concentración y planificación, lo que también influyó positivamente en la función ejecutiva. En contraste, el grupo de control no mostró cambios significativos. Estos hallazgos sugieren que las actividades lúdicas pueden ser una herramienta complementaria eficaz para mejorar la atención y el comportamiento en niños con TDAH, además de fomentar el desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas esenciales. Sin embargo, se requieren más estudios para evaluar los efectos a largo plazo y su aplicabilidad a diferentes grupos etarios.

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OBJETIVE: To describe the performance in neurocognitive processes and executive functions related to age, start of treatment and type of CH in Mexican school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, prospective and comparative study. 33 children with CH participated, aged 8 and 9, female cases predominated, the attention process and executive functions were evaluated with the Neuropsychological Assessment Child (ENI). RESULTS: 58% of the children presented agenesis and 42% other dysgenesis, with early onset of treatment (EoT) in 18% and late onset treatment (LoT) in 82%. All children presented low performance in both visual and auditory attention. Children with agenesis and EoT presented low performance in executive functions and execution processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: The LoT and type of CH (agenesis) have an impact on the development of neurocognitive functions related to school learning, however, not all domains present the same level of competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Educación (Version impresa) is the property of Organizacion de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The brain derived neurotrophic factor is a neurotrophin modulator of cognitive processes. Current studies in Alzheimer’s disease patients show alterations in biomarkers at outlying levels. Objective: To analyze the association between the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and the cognitive markers in Alzheimer’s disease subjects. Material and Methods: A correlational transversal study was conducted in subjects aged 64 years, distributed into three groups: group 1ː16 controls, group 2ː27 with mild cognitive impairment, and group 3ː21 with Alzheimer’s disease. A neuropsychological test battery, and the immunoenzymatic method (ELISA), Promega Emax Kit were applied to determine the serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels. The statistical analysis of data was performed using the one-way ANOVA test, the post-hoc Dunnett´s test and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (p

Several studies have examined theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF) in children. However, the findings regarding this association are inconsistent when considering variations in typical and impaired neurodevelopment. This study analyzed the scientific production and empirical evidence on the relationship between ToM and EF performance in children and its incidence in neurotypical development (TD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The document search was done in the Web of Science and bibliometrix, Sci2 Tool and Gephi were used for the analyses. The findings indicate that children with ADHD present lower performance in inhibitory control tasks than children with TD, and children with ASD present a deficit in ToM compared to the other groups. Working memory and inhibitory control predicted the performance of children with ADHD, ASD and TD in false belief tasks. Finally, EF was found to correlate directly with ToM in children with TD. These findings are relevant because they help to better understand the cognitive-social and neuropsychological mechanisms linked to child neurodevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Clínica Contemporánea: Revista de Diagnóstico Psicológico, Psicoterapia y Salud is the property of Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivos. Comparar el desempeño neuropsicológico entre adultos con Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM) y adultos sin depresión en tres dominios cognitivos: atención, memoria explícita y función ejecutiva. Materiales y métodos. 18 adultos con TDM y 15 adultos sin depresión se evaluaron a través de pruebas neuropsicológicas como Stroop, TMT, TAVEC, figura de Rey, Wisconsin-64, entre otras, y se compararon sus resultados. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias en memoria explícita, pero sí en una medida de atención sostenida y en las medidas de conceptualización, organización perceptual y análisis/síntesis en función ejecutiva, con peores resultados para los adultos con TDM; las quejas de memoria también fueron significativas en éstos. Conclusiones. Las fallas en memoria, frecuentemente reportadas en los estudios y referidas por los pacientes, pueden deberse principalmente a fallas importantes en la atención o la función ejecutiva, las cuales explicarían las dificultades para la codificación y la evocación de la información.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the levels of Processing Speed and Executive Functions in sixth grade students of the Ciudad de Pasto Educational Institution (IEMCP), Colombia. Method: Correlational descriptive research. The ENI-2 test was used, specifically the Executive Functions factor and the Processing Speed subtests of the WISC-IV. To analyze this relationship, the statistical program SPSS 0.25 was used, applying the Pearson and Spearman correlation indices. Results and conclusion: Based on the correlation indices, a positively favorable association is identified between the Processing Speed subtests with the Executive Functions in Verbal Fluency, Graphic Fluency, Cognitive Flexibility, and Planning and Organization. At the end, comparative ranges are presented based on the gender of the participants, demonstrating a low influence of this factor on the variables, in addition to recognizing the importance of this relationship in the child's learning development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies conducted with children and adolescents suggest that long-term exposure to adverse events and the lack of emotional and psychosocial support can lead to complex traumatizing conditions (C_ PSPT), providing difficulties that affect emotional regulation, cognition, interpersonal relationships and the constitution of identity. The aim of this essay is to reflect on about the cognitive, more specifically executive function abilities, emotional, and attachment dimensions in children, who have been exposed to the experience of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte is the property of Redprint Editora Ltda. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artículo muestra una revisión bibliográfica de los estudios científicos publicados en los últimos seis años que evalúan la relación existente entre actividad física, condición física y rendimiento académico en niños y adolescentes. La búsqueda bibliográfica se centró en artículos publicados entre 2014 y 2019 localizados en Scopus, GoogleScholar, Scielo y Redalyc. Las palabras clave empleadas fueron “actividad física”, “educación física”, “condición física”, “deporte escolar”, “rendimiento cognitivo”, “funciones ejecutivas” y “rendimiento académico en adolescentes”. Un total de 96 artículos fueron encontrados y 64 fueron seleccionados para la revisión. Los estudios fueron clasificados según las categorías de análisis “actividad física y sus beneficios”, “niveles sugeridos de actividad física”, “condición física y rendimiento académico cognitivo”, “actividad física y deporte como potenciadores en el desarrollo de funciones ejecutivas” y “rendimiento académico y actividad física”. Los resultados indican que los niveles de actividad y condición física pueden estar asociados positivamente con el mejoramiento en el rendimiento académico y con el desarrollo de algunas funciones ejecutivas, específicamente con la memoria de trabajo, la flexibilidad cognitiva, la capacidad de inhibición y planeación secuencial. Lo anterior contribuye a consolidar la importancia de la actividad física regular sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de los adolescentes y muestra una forma de trabajo que puede resultar adecuada para conseguir un incremento en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se requiere seguir indagando otros estudios que analicen en detalle estos efectos.

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Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los aspectos narrativos del lenguaje constituyen una competencia en el desarrollo funcional de la comunicación, la cual predice el desempeño académico de los niños. En este trabajo se estudia la narrativa en niños con trastornos del desarrollo, a fin de hacer diagnósticos precoces y adoptar mejores estrategias terapéuticas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio controlado analítico de corte transversal. Se incluyen sujetos de 9 a 17 años, evaluados con la prueba de teoría de la mente (TOM) de Sally y Anne, quienes luego deben narrar la historia de la prueba. Se evaluó el número total de palabras (TP), la cantidad total de oraciones (TO), el promedio de palabras por oración (PPO), la sintaxis (S) y la capacidad expresar la idea central del relato (ICR). RESULTADOS: Participaron 61 sujetos. El grupo 1 o control con 24, el grupo 2 con 37 sujetos (con diagnóstico de trastorno por déficit de atención (TDA), trastorno de la lectoescritura (TLE), trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) y discapacidad intelectual (DI)). En teoría de la mente respondieron correctamente 18 participantes del grupo 1, 7 participantes con TDA, 4 de los TLE, 5 sujetos con DI y 3 sujetos con TEA. Los sujetos del grupo 2 presentaron distintos grados de dificultades narrativas según el trastorno. A mayor edad utilizaron mayor cantidad de palabras, sin distinción por sexo. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante estudiar los aspectos narrativos del lenguaje en pediatría puesto que las habilidades requeridas incluyen aspectos estructurales del lenguaje y habilidades cognitivas que es necesario tener en cuenta para definir estrategias terapéuticas más precisas y acordes a las necesidades de este grupo de pacientes.

Obesity has been linked to low cognitive performance throughout the human life span. Alterations relate to attention, memory, language, and executive function. However, the obesity-executive function association remains unclear in adolescents. This study presents a systematic review of executive function alterations in adolescents with obesity. A search equation was proposed (Executive dysfunction AND Obesity AND Adolescents), with sixty studies meeting the inclusion criteria in the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Core Collection database. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to identify the importance of the research topic and a citation network was built to establish the lines of research. Finally, the citation network was exported to Gephi to visualize the research groups studying the topic. Findings suggest 4 lines of research: (a) structural and functional brain abnormalities in adolescents with obesity, (b) inhibitory control alterations in adolescents with obesity, (c) effects of physical and cognitive activity on the executive function of adolescents with obesity, and (d) working memory alterations in adolescents with obesity. Obese adolescents were found to prefer immediate rewards to long-term ones. Nevertheless, effective interventions increase the intake of fruit and vegetables and reduce that of calorie-dense food. The authors recommend additional longitudinal studies to assess whether executive function alterations are either a cause or a consequence of adolescent obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study sought to explore the relationships between hearing sensitivity, speech discrimination, language and executive function in older adults, through a quantitative study, descriptive with multivariate and correlative analysis in a population of 140 older adults. Tonal audiometry, logoaudiometry, the Battery for the Evaluation of Aphasic Disorders (BETA) and the Wisconsin Card Classification Test, were used as instruments. Results indicated decline in high frequencies, preserved speech discrimination, persistent tendency, difficulty in abstraction and formation of concepts, as well as the change of strategies of an older adult in tasks involving executive functioning. A significant statistical relationship between the variables studied was concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aprender a escribir es clave para transitar con éxito la Educación Primaria. En los grados escolares intermedios se registra un progreso significativo en la escritura infantil, debido al desarrollo lexical y cognitivo. En línea con este postulado, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar el valor predictivo de la atención, percepción, planificación, memoria de trabajo y memoria a largo plazo en tareas de expresión escrita en escolares argentinos. Participaron 168 niños y niñas, entre 8 y 11 años de edad, que cursaban 3er, 4º y 5º grado de Educación Primaria. A partir de un análisis de regresión, se observó que la percepción visoespacial, la memoria de trabajo, la memoria a largo plazo y la planificación predijeron el desempeño en expresión escrita en los niños. La memoria de trabajo denotó un alto valor predictivo, junto con la memoria a largo plazo y la percepción visoespacial. Los hallazgos aportan evidencia sobre la involucración de procesos cognitivos y ejecutivos en tareas de expresión escrita en escolares hispanohablantes. Identificar predictores cognitivos de las habilidades de escritura permite diagramar programas de enseñanza más abarcativos, que contemplen conjuntamente el entrenamiento de las habilidades escritoras específicas y el fortalecimiento de los recursos cognitivos de los aprendices.

Introducción: La presente investigación estudió el sistema auditivo y las habilidades ejecutivas, específicamente la flexibilidad cognitiva, en población longeva y buscó aportar a la evidencia científica existente, el impacto que pueden tener ambas en la calidad de vida de la población adulta mayor. objetivo: Se determinó la relación entre la función auditiva y la flexibilidad cognitiva de una población adulta mayor del municipio de Sincelejo, Colombia. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional, transversal, a una población de 140 adultos mayores. Para la selección de la muestra se aplicó un muestreo intencional por criterios de inclusión (pertenecientes a la institución, que firmarán el consentimiento informado) y de exclusión (déficit cognitivo, diabetes, enfermedades neurológicas diagnosticadas, alteraciones visuales o auditivas, sobrepasar la edad del test), la muestra quedó conformada por 49 adultos mayores. Se empleó como instrumentos de recolección de la información para la audición, pruebas audiológicas de audiometría tonal y logoaudiometría; y para la medición de la función ejecutiva, Test de clasificación de tarjetas de Wisconsin. Resultados: Se demostraron diferencias entre la variable respuesta de nivel conceptual del test entre los grupos de edad (p: 0,037), pérdidas auditivas de alta frecuencia entre leve y moderado (25-40DbBHL; 40-60DBHL), buen nivel de discriminación del habla, y una asociación estadística entre sensibilidad auditiva y número total de errores (0,336, 0,357 p=0,05); la sensibilidad auditiva y las respuestas perseverativas y errores perseverativos (0,343, 0,301 p=0,05), discriminación del habla, respuesta a nivel conceptual (-0,375; -0,397 p=0.0) y fallos para mantener actitud (0,441; 0,456 p=0,01). Conclusión: Cuanto mayor deterioro en el procesamiento periférico y central auditivo exista, mayor es la tendencia perseverativa, la dificultad para abstracción y formación de conceptos, así como el cambio de estrategias de un adulto mayor en tareas que impliquen funcionamiento ejecutivo.

This study aimed to present the development of the Multidisciplinary Battery for Child Development Screening (TDI) and its content validity evidence. The TDI construction followed international recommendations, consisting of five stages: description of the theoretical foundation; development of the preliminary version of the instrument; analysis of the items by experts; semantic analysis of the items by the target population; and a pilot study. To support the construction of the items, a literature review was conducted regarding child development in the initial education stage, considering the constructs involved in school readiness. Articles, existing instruments, books and manuals were included. The selected areas were language, executive functions and motor skills. In the preliminary version, 110 items were developed. After completing the last three stages, the final version totaled 81 items, directed toward the assessment of children between 6 and 8 years of age. The TDI presented content validity evidence, being relevant in the Brazilian health and education areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fisioterapia e Pesquisa is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (TCA) constituyen una de las patologías con mayor incremento poblacional en los últimos años y asociada a la mayor mortalidad dentro del espectro de los trastornos mentales. El interés que ha suscitado en sus diferentes manifestaciones arroja datos incongruentes acerca de su etiología y factores de mantenimiento, lo que se atribuye a la complejidad sintomatológica de los mismos, su comorbilidad con otras psicopatologías y la migración habitual entre diagnósticos. El presente estudio trata de aportar evidencias acerca de la relación de estos trastornos con las funciones ejecutivas, en concreto, con la flexibilidad cognitiva, y los factores emocionales. Los resultados no apoyan las hipótesis iniciales al no arrojar diferencias significativas en flexibilidad cognitiva entre grupos, obteniendo únicamente diferencias en la medida de depresión. Sin embargo, los datos de función ejecutiva se aprecian permeados por el espectro emocional, por lo que se esbozan explicaciones alternativas acerca de posibles indicadores endofenotípicos.

Suicide in people between the ages of 15 and 24 is one of the top three causes of death. The aim of this research is to compare and associate performance in working memory, attention, and inhibitory control with the presence of suicidal behavior in adolescents. Research design was cross-sectional and the convenience sample consisted of 65 adolescents from the city of Temuco, Chile. The instruments used for data collection were: 1) the Okasha Suicidality Scale, 2) span of direct and indirect digits, and 3) the Stroop test. The results show that 49.3% of the adolescents had suicidal ideation. In terms of the groups, an association and significant differences were found in the Stroop test; this occurred specifically in the female sex (p <.05). In the rest of the tasks that measured memory and attention, no differences were observed (p >.05). It is concluded that suicidal behavior is associated with a lower performance in inhibitory control tasks for females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present research study the auditory system and executive skills, specifically cognitive flexibility, in long-lived population to contribute to the existing scientific evidence, the impact that both can have on the quality of life of the elderly population. Objective: the relationship between the hearing function and cognitive flexibility an older adult population was determined in Sincelejo, Colombia. Method: A quantitative, non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was conducted in a population (140) older adults, intentional sampling by inclusion criteria was applied for the selection of the sample (belonging to the institution, who will sign the informed consent) and exclusion (cognitive deficit, diabetes, diagnosed neurological diseases, visual or auditory alterations, exceeding the age of the test), the sample was made up of 49 older adults. It was used as instruments for collecting information for hearing, audiological tests of tone audiometry and logoaudiometry, for the measurement of executive function, Wisconsin Card Classification Test. Results: The results showed mean differences in the conceptual level response variable between age groups (p: 0.037), high-frequency hearing losses between mild and moderate (25-40Dbhl; 40-60Dbhl), good level of speech discrimination and a statistical association between hearing sensitivity and total number of mistakes (0.336, 0.357 p=0.05), and perseverance(0.343, 0.301 p=0.05), speech discrimination, response at the conceptual level(-0.375; -0.397p=0.0), lack of attitude(0.441; 0.456 p=0.01). Conclusion: The greater the deterioration in the peripheral and central auditory processing, the greater the perseverative tendency, the difficulty in abstraction and concept formation, as well as the change of strategies of an older adult in tasks that involve executive functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder, which is associated with emotional and cognitive functioning problems. Psychological interventions, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (tf-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. Despite evidence showing that PTSD is associated with neurocognitive deficits, there is no systematic overview available on neurocognitive outcomes following treatment for PTSD. The current systematic review examined whether psychological treatments for PTSD improve neurocognitive functioning outcomes related to memory, attention, information processing, and executive functioning. A literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, and Cochrane Library was performed up to March 7, 2022, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Eligible PTSD treatment studies examining neurocognitive outcomes (memory, attention, information processing and executive function) in patients with a DSM-IV or ICD diagnosis of PTSD were included. Of the 3023 titles and abstracts identified, 9 articles met inclusion criteria, of which 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 non-randomized studies. Treatments included were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), brief eclectic psychotherapy (BEP), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), virtual reality graded exposure therapy (VR-GET), and resilience-oriented treatment (ROT). This systematic review showed that psychological treatments for PTSD do not affect most neurocognitive functions, with exception of the memory outcomes. Future research, high-quality studies are needed to provide evidence of the effect of psychological treatment in improving neurocognitive functioning in PTSD. This systematic review investigated the effects of psychological treatments on neurocognitive functioning in adults with PTSD. This review showed that most studies were very heterogeneous in design, method, and analysis. This review supports the evidence for psychological treatments for PTSD on improving memory outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Se evidencia un desempeño bajo en la ejecución de las tareas que evalúan la función ejecutiva, específicamente en flexibilidad cognitiva, planeación y memoria de trabajo. Una relación significativa entre la función ejecutiva y características de personalidad en personas cuyos derechos han sido vulnerados por el desplazamiento intraurbano, causado por la negligencia, en los procesos del llamado desarrollo Urbano en Medellín; de igual forma se resalta la necesidad de generar líneas de investigación con relación al tema que podrían aportar elementos relevantes para procesos de reparación integral, enfocado en las afectaciones cognitivas y emocionales.

This study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the Dysexecutive Questionnaire (DEX) through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), evidence of reliability, and convergent validity, in a sample of neurologically preserved older adults. Participants were 345 older adults who answered, in addition to DEX, a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and two verbal fluency tasks. The EFA was conducted through Parallel Analysis based on the generation of a polychoric correlation matrix, as well as Pearson’s correlation between the DEX scores, age, education, MMSE, and verbal fluency tasks. According to the EFA, the extraction of two factors (“Inhibition” and “Social Regulation and Planning”) was suggested and DEX was negatively associated with age and MMSE. In conclusion, DEX presented a satisfactory factorial structure for older adults, which can be considered a reliable self-report measure for complaints of executive functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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BACKGROUND: Phenylketonuric patients, even properly diagnosed and treated, may result in neurocognitive dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate neurocognition in phenylketonuric children and its relationship with disease variables and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive and comparative, expost-facto, cross-sectional, prospective study conducted from 2018 to 2019 in pediatric patients with phenylketonuria (group 1) aged 9 to 11 years and a control group of healthy children of the same age (group 2). All were assessed with a battery of tests for IQ and cognition. RESULTS: Thirty children with phenylketonuria (18 boys and 12 girls) (group 1) and 30 without phenylketonuria (group 2) were studied. The IQ of group 1 was normal, average and lower than that of group 2 (p < 0.01) with lower executive control associated with impulsivity regulation, processing speed and divided and focused attention. In both groups, performance and verbal IQ were average normal, with significant differences in performance IQ, small effect size and no significant differences in verbal IQ. CONCLUSION: Phenylketonuric children had repercussions in cognitive functions associated with executive and attentional control. They evidenced vulnerability of executive function related to disease control in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Las funciones ejecutivas incluyen habilidades como la memoria de trabajo, el control inhibitorio, la planeación y la flexibilidad cognitiva. Estas habilidades, resultan fundamentales para el desarrollo de procesos cognitivos complejos como el aprendizaje de la lectoescritura, encontrando que aquellos niños con dificultades de lectura tienden a presentar un nivel menor en el rendimiento en tareas de funciones ejecutivas. Objetivo: Caracterizar el rendimiento en funciones ejecutivas y su relación con el nivel de lenguaje y lectura en niños de 8 a 12 años con dificultades de lectura y sus controles por edad y género en relación a los patrones de seguimiento visual. Método: Participantes: 9 niños con dificultades de lectura y 9 controles. Procedimiento: Se evaluó el nivel de lenguaje, funciones ejecutivas y lectura haciendo uso del Eye Tracker Tobii Tx300. Se analizaron los mapas de calor, glaze plot y las áreas de interés. Resultados y Conclusiones: Los niños con dificultades de lectura presentan un nivel de desempeño menor en tareas de funciones ejecutivas especialmente en el control inhibitorio y la planeación, estando estas asociadas directamente con el nivel de lenguaje y el rendimiento lector. De igual forma, las métricas visuales a partir del uso del Eye Tracker permite corroborar estas fallas en el procesamiento en tiempo real frente a tareas que implican demandas cognitivas de alto nivel.

Introducción. La demencia es un problema de salud pública; la Organización Mundial de la Salud promueve su investigación para la implementación de políticas de salud frente a esta enfermedad. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de demencia y describir la funcionalidad de los adultos mayores en una clínica geriátrica de Huancayo, Perú. Métodos. Estudio de tipo observacional y transversal, en una muestra probabilística aleatoria de 382 pacientes. Resultados. El promedio de edad fue 82,6 años, 60,7% fue de sexo femenino, el nivel de instrucción primaria fue de 49,7%, el lugar de procedencia Huancayo fue de 29,6%. Se estimó la prevalencia de demencia en 9,9%, deterioro cognitivo leve en 11%. En actividades básicas de la vida diaria, 19,4% tuvo dependencia parcial; y en actividades instrumentales de la vida, el 23% dependencia severa. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de demencia en la muestra estudiada fue de 9,9%, de deterioro cognitivo leve 11%. Asimismo, el 19,4% presentó dependencia parcial y 23% dependencia severa.

Objetivo. Revisar la literatura para identificar si existen diferencias en el desempeño ejecutivo de la atención, inhibición y tareas de cambio entre personas bilingües y monolingües. Objetivo. Revisar la literatura para identificar si existen diferencias en el desempeño ejecutivo de la atención, inhibición y tareas de cambio entre personas bilingües y monolingües. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando las palabras clave: bilingüismo, funciones ejecutivas y atención; 36 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Estos se dividieron en tres grupos, según la edad de las muestras estudiadas: en niños, adultos jóvenes y adultos mayores. Resultados. Los factores principales que modelaron los resultados comportamentales fueron la edad de adquisición y el contexto de uso del segundo idioma. Además, se encontraron diferentes perfiles de desempeño en las tareas de funciones ejecutivas, según el grupo etario. Conclusión. Los mejores desempeños ejecutivos se observaron en aquellas personas bilingües que adquirieron su segundo idioma en contextos naturales, de uso frecuente para el hablante y a edades tempranas. Estos aportes son importantes para el ámbito escolar y de salud.

El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) ha sido comúnmente asociado a déficits en los subprocesos atencionales y en las funciones ejecutivas. El presente trabajo pretende estudiar el rendimiento cognitivo-ejecutivo de niños y niñas entre 8 y 15 años de edad con diagnóstico de TDAH, comparándolo con el rendimiento de un grupo normativo. La muestra total estaba compuesta por 47 participantes a los que se les administró una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas. Las puntuaciones relativas al funcionamiento cognitivo-ejecutivo de la muestra clínica son indicativas de un rendimiento medio. Se obtienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo clínico y el control en velocidad de procesamiento psicomotor y lector, atención selectiva, inhibición cognitiva, capacidad de concentración y resistencia a la interferencia. El abordaje neuropsicológico del TDAH se demuestra como una herramienta capaz de identificar alteraciones en los procesos cognitivo-ejecutivos y de proporcionar a los sujetos estrategias metacognitivas de orden superior, que podrían mejorar su capacidad de aprendizaje y de autorregulación de la conducta.