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We investigated phenotypic surface markers of peripheral blood lymphocytes including expression of γδ T cell receptor (TCRγδ) in 185 patients with sarcoidosis and 42 normal subjects. The pr

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. Cellular expression and shedding of ICAM-1 are up-regulated by cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). With an ELISA containing two monoclonal antibodies to human ICAM-1, we measured concentrations of circulating ICAM-1 in patients with tuberculosis. Prominently elevated values were found in miliary tuberculosis and in far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis but not in minimal or moderately advanced disease. The measurement of serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha also revealed high concentrations of the cytokines in miliary tuberculosis and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. The circulating ICAM-1 values were significantly correlated to serum IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha values. In the case of miliary tuberculosis and far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis treated with antituberculous drugs, the circulating ICAM-1 concentrations were gradually decreased to correspond with improvement of clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings. The measurement of circulating ICAM-1 is useful to evaluate the severity of tuberculosis and to monitor disease activity during antituberculous drug treatment.

The UV-irradiation of ferrocene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in acetic acid–water solution afforded dimethyl ferrocenylmaleate and dimethyl ferrocenylfumarate in 40 and 5% yield, respectively. Methyl 3-carbamoylpropiolate, dicyanoacetylene, and methyl propiolate were also reactive and the corresponding substituted ferrocenes were obtained. The reaction can be considered to proceed via the excitation of the charge transfer complex between ferrocene and acetylene derivatives.

The UV-irradiation of ferrocene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in acetic acid–water solution afforded dimethyl ferrocenylmaleate and dimethyl ferrocenylfumarate in 40 and 5% yield, respectively. Methyl 3-carbamoylpropiolate, dicyanoacetylene, and methyl propiolate were also reactive and the corresponding substituted ferrocenes were obtained. The reaction can be considered to proceed via the excitation of the charge transfer complex between ferrocene and acetylene derivatives.