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The effect of water activity (aw= 0.95, 0.98 and 0.995), temperature (15, 25 and 30°C), incubation time (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), and their interactions on growth and moniliformin (MON), beauvericin (BEA), fusaproliferin (FUS) and fumonisin B1(FB1) production by two strains ofFusarium temperatumisolated from Argentinean maize were determinedin vitroon sterile layers of maize grains. The results showed that there was a wide range of conditions for growth and mycotoxins production byF. temperatum. Both strains were found to grow faster with increasingawand at 30°C. In relation to mycotoxin production, the two strains produced more FUS than the other mycotoxins regardless ofawor temperature evaluated (maximum = 50 000 μg g−1). For FUS, MON and BEA, the maximum levels were observed at 0.98awand 30°C (50 000, 5000 and 2000 μg g−1respectively). The lowest levels for these three mycotoxins were detected at 15°C and 0.95aw(1700 and 100 μg g−1for FUS and MON respectively), and at 0.98aw(400 μg g−1for BEA). The maximum levels of FB1were produced at 15°C and 0.98aw(1000 μg g−1). At allawand temperatures combinations evaluated there was an increase in toxin concentrations with time incubation. The maximum levels were detected at 21 days. Statistical analyses ofaw, temperature, incubation time, and the two- and three-way interactions between them showed significant effects on mycotoxins production byF. temperatum. For its versatility on growth and mycotoxin production,F. temperatumrepresents a toxicological risk for maize in the field and also during grain storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]