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In order to assess the microbial water quality of the lagoon canals of Venice, Italy and nearby beach on Lido island, a study was conducted using real-time RT-PCR to enumerate levels of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and enteroviruses in these marine waters over a 3-year period from 2003 to 2005. A total of 17 sites (9 lagoon canal and 8 beach sites) were assayed. For the canals of the Venice Lagoon, 78% were positive for both HAV and enteroviruses, with levels ranging from 75 to 730 and 3 to 1,614 genome copies/L, respectively. At Lido beach, HAV was never detected, but enteroviruses were detected in all Lido beach samples at levels ranging from 2 to 71 genome copies/L. There was a statistically significant correlation between thermotolerant coliform densities and HAV levels (p=0.0002), but the relationship between thermotolerant coliform densities and enterovirus levels was not significant (p>0.05). Despite the fact that enteroviruses were detected at low levels in the surfzone at Lido beach, the risk for enteroviral infection (calculated using the beta-Poisson model) for recreational exposure from swimming, was in the range of 1.9 x 10(-3) - 6.1 x 10(-2), yielding a disease risk at or below the level (5% for gastroenteritis) deemed acceptable by European Guide standards.

Species of the genus Illex (Family Ommastrephidae) are distinguished morphologically mainly based on differences in the hectocotylus, the modified arm that males of many cephalopod species use to transfer spermatophores to females during mating We examined the developmental details of the hectocotylus in Illex coindetii, the species of Illex with the most highly modified hectocotylized arm, to determine whether it has an ontogeny that passes through stages that are similar to the less modified hectocotyli of sympatric I. illecebrosus and I. oxygonius The development of modifications of one of the ventral arms is essentially synchronous on all portions. The hectocotylus of I. coindetii is therefore morphologically distinctive even at early maturity stages, and therefore should not be easily confused with that of its sympatric congeners. Las especies del género Illex (Familia Ommastrephidae) se distinguen morfológicamente principalmente por las diferencias en el hectocotylus, el brazo modificado que los machos de muchas especies de cefalópodos utiliza para transferir espermatóforos a las hembras durante el apareamiento. Hemos examinado los detalles del desarrollo de la hectocotylus en Illex, coindetii la especie de calamar Illex con el brazo hectocotylizado más altamente modificado, porque podría haber una ontogenia que pasa a través de etapas que son similares a los menos modificados hectocotyli de simpátricas I. illecebrosus y I. oxygonius. El desarrollo de las modificaciones de uno de los brazos ventrales es esencialmente sincrónico en todas las partes. El hectocotylus de I. coindetii es por lo tanto morfológicamente distintivo, incluso en estados de madurez temprana y por lo tanto no debe ser fácilmente confundida con la de sus congéneres simpátricas.

Methods and reagents for green chemistry , Methods and reagents for green chemistry , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز

Contaminated soil from a historical industrial site and containing sulfide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons underwent sequential leaching by 0.5 M citrate and microbial treatments. Heavy metals leaching was with the following efficiency scale: Cu (58.7%) > Pb (55.1%) > Zn (44.5%) > Cd (42.9%) > Cr (26.4%) > Ni (17.7%) > Co (14.0%) > As (12.4%) > Fe (5.3%) > Hg (1.1%) and was accompanied by concomitant removal of organic contaminants (about 13%). Leached metals were concentrated into an iron gel, produced during ferric citrate fermentation by the metal-resistant strain BAS-10 of Klebsiella oxytoca. Concomitantly, the acidic leached soil was bioaugmented with Allescheriella sp. DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. DABAC 3, Phlebia sp. DABAC 9, Pleurotus pulmonarius CBS 664.97, and Botryosphaeria rhodina DABAC P82. B. rhodina was most effective, leading to a significant depletion of the most abundant contaminants, including 7-H-benz[DE]anthracene-7-one, 9,10-anthracene dione and dichloroaniline isomers, and to a marked detoxification as assessed by the mortality test with the Collembola Folsomia candida Willem. The overall degradation activities of B. rhodina and P. pulmonarius appeared to be significantly enhanced by the preliminary metal removal.

Tecnologie catalitiche per il controllo e la prevenzione dell’inquinamento atmosferico da sorgenti mobili