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1. Relative pointing offset analysis of calibration targets with repeated observations with Herschel-SPIRE Fourier-Transform Spectrometer

Author

Valtchanov, Ivan, Hopwood, Rosalind, Polehampton, Edward, Benielli, Dominique, Fulton, Trevor, Imhof, Peter, Konopczynski, Tomasz, Lim, Tanya, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, and Swinyard, Bruce

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a method to derive the relative pointing offsets for SPIRE Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (FTS) solar system object (SSO) calibration targets, which were observed regularly throughout the Herschel mission. We construct ratios of the spectra for all observations of a given source with respect to a reference. The reference observation is selected iteratively to be the one with the highest observed continuum. Assuming that any pointing offset leads to an overall shift of the continuum level, then these ratios represent the relative flux loss due to mispointing. The mispointing effects are more pronounced for a smaller beam, so we consider only the FTS short wavelength array (SSW, 958-1546 GHz) to derive a pointing correction. We obtain the relative pointing offset by comparing the ratio to a grid of expected losses for a model source at different distances from the centre of the beam, under the assumption that the SSW FTS beam can be well approximated by a Gaussian. In order to avoid dependency on the point source flux conversion, which uses a particular observation of Uranus, we use extended source flux calibrated spectra to construct the ratios for the SSOs. In order to account for continuum variability, due to the changing distance from the Herschel telescope, the SSO ratios are normalised by the expected model ratios for the corresponding observing epoch. We confirm the accuracy of the derived pointing offset by comparing the results with a number of control observations, where the actual pointing of Herschel is known with good precision. Using the method we derived pointing offsets for repeated observations of Uranus (including observations centred on off-axis detectors), Neptune, Ceres and NGC7027. The results are used to validate and improve the point-source flux calibration of the FTS., Comment: 17 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2014
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2. Herschel SPIRE FTS Relative Spectral Response Calibration

Author

Fulton, Trevor, Hopwood, Rosalind, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Benielli, Dominique, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, Polehampton, Edward, Swinyard, Bruce, and Valtchanov, Ivan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Herschel/SPIRE Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) observations contain emission from both the Herschel Telescope and the SPIRE Instrument itself, both of which are typically orders of magnitude greater than the emission from the astronomical source, and must be removed in order to recover the source spectrum. The effects of the Herschel Telescope and the SPIRE Instrument are removed during data reduction using relative spectral response calibration curves and emission models. We present the evolution of the methods used to derive the relative spectral response calibration curves for the SPIRE FTS. The relationship between the calibration curves and the ultimate sensitivity of calibrated SPIRE FTS data is discussed and the results from the derivation methods are compared. These comparisons show that the latest derivation methods result in calibration curves that impart a factor of between 2 and 100 less noise to the overall error budget, which results in calibrated spectra for individual observations whose noise is reduced by a factor of 2-3, with a gain in the overall spectral sensitivity of 23% and 21% for the two detector bands, respectively., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2014
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3. Herschel SPIRE FTS telescope model correction

Author

Hopwood, Rosalind, Fulton, Trevor, Polehampton, Edward T., Valtchanov, Ivan, Benielli, Dominique, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Pearson, Chris P., and Swinyard, Bruce M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Emission from the Herschel telescope is the dominant source of radiation for the majority of SPIRE Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) observations, despite the exceptionally low emissivity of the primary and secondary mirrors. Accurate modelling and removal of the telescope contribution is, therefore, an important and challenging aspect of FTS calibration and data reduction pipeline. A dust-contaminated telescope model with time invariant mirror emissivity was adopted before the Herschel launch. However, measured FTS spectra show a clear evolution of the telescope contribution over the mission and strong need for a correction to the standard telescope model in order to reduce residual background (of up to 7 Jy) in the final data products. Systematic changes in observations of dark sky, taken over the course of the mission, provide a measure of the evolution between observed telescope emission and the telescope model. These dark sky observations have been used to derive a time dependent correction to the telescope emissivity that reduces the systematic error in the continuum of the final FTS spectra to ~0.35 Jy., Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2014
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4. Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer: Calibration of its Bright-source Mode

Author

Lu, Nanyao, Polehampton, Edward T., Swinyard, Bruce M., Benielli, Dominique, Fulton, Trevor, Hopwood, Rosalind, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David A., Schulz, Bernhard, Sidher, Sunil, and Valtchanov, Ivan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) of the Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) on board the ESA Herschel Space Observatory has two detector setting modes: (a) a nominal mode, which is optimized for observing moderately bright to faint astronomical targets, and (b) a bright-source mode recommended for sources significantly brighter than 500 Jy, within the SPIRE FTS bandwidth of 446.7-1544 GHz (or 194-671 microns in wavelength), which employs a reduced detector responsivity and out-of-phase analog signal amplifier/demodulator. We address in detail the calibration issues unique to the bright-source mode, describe the integration of the bright-mode data processing into the existing pipeline for the nominal mode, and show that the flux calibration accuracy of the bright-source mode is generally within 2% of that of the nominal mode, and that the bright-source mode is 3 to 4 times less sensitive than the nominal mode., Comment: 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2014
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5. Herschel SPIRE FTS Spectral Mapping Calibration

Author

Benielli, Dominique, Polehampton, Edward, Hopwood, Rosalind, Marín, Ana Belén Griñón, Fulton, Trevor, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya, Lu, Nanyao, Makiwa, Gibion, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, Spencer, Locke, Swinyard, Bruce, Valtchanov, Ivan, and van der Wiel, Matthijs

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Herschel SPIRE Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) performs spectral imaging in the 447-1546 GHz band. It can observe in three spatial sampling modes: sparse mode, with a single pointing on sky, or intermediate or full modes with 1 and 1/2 beam spacing, respectively. In this paper, we investigate the uncertainty and repeatability for fully sampled FTS mapping observations. The repeatability is characterised using nine observations of the Orion Bar. Metrics are derived based on the ratio of the measured intensity in each observation compared to that in the combined spectral cube from all observations. The mean relative deviation is determined to be within 2%, and the pixel-by-pixel scatter is ~7%. The scatter increases towards the edges of the maps. The uncertainty in the frequency scale is also studied, and the spread in the line centre velocity across the maps is found to be ~15 km/s. Other causes of uncertainty are also discussed including the effect of pointing and the additive uncertainty in the continuum., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy

Published
2014
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6. Observing Extended Sources with the \Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Author

Wu, Ronin, Polehampton, Edward T., Etxaluze, Mireya, Makiwa, Gibion, Naylor, David A., Salji, Carl, Swinyard, Bruce M., Ferlet, Marc, van der Wiel, Matthijs H. D., Smith, Anthony J., Fulton, Trevor, Griffin, Matt J., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Benielli, Dominique, Glenn, Jason, Hopwood, Rosalind, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya, Lu, Nanyao, Panuzzo, Pasquale, Pearson, Chris, Sidher, Sunil, and Valtchanov, Ivan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) on the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory utilizes a pioneering design for its imaging spectrometer in the form of a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS). The standard FTS data reduction and calibration schemes are aimed at objects with either a spatial extent much larger than the beam size or a source that can be approximated as a point source within the beam. However, when sources are of intermediate spatial extent, neither of these calibrations schemes is appropriate and both the spatial response of the instrument and the source's light profile must be taken into account and the coupling between them explicitly derived. To that end, we derive the necessary corrections using an observed spectrum of a fully extended source with the beam profile and the source's light profile taken into account. We apply the derived correction to several observations of planets and compare the corrected spectra with their spectral models to study the beam coupling efficiency of the instrument in the case of partially extended sources. We find that we can apply these correction factors for sources with angular sizes up to \theta_{D} ~ 17". We demonstrate how the angular size of an extended source can be estimated using the difference between the sub-spectra observed at the overlap bandwidth of the two frequency channels in the spectrometer, at 959<\nu<989 GHz. Using this technique on an observation of Saturn, we estimate a size of 17.2", which is 3% larger than its true size on the day of observation. Finally, we show the results of the correction applied on observations of a nearby galaxy, M82, and the compact core of a Galactic molecular cloud, Sgr B2., Comment: Accepted for publication by A&A

Published
2013
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7. Observations of Arp 220 using Herschel-SPIRE: An Unprecedented View of the Molecular Gas in an Extreme Star Formation Environment

Author

Rangwala, Naseem, Maloney, Philip R., Glenn, Jason, Wilson, Christine D., Rykala, Adam, Isaak, Kate, Baes, Maarten, Bendo, George J., Boselli, Alessandro, Bradford, Charles M., Clements, D. L., Cooray, Asantha, Fulton, Trevor, Imhof, Peter, Kamenetzky, Julia, Madden, Suzanne C., Mentuch, Erin, Sacchi, Nicola, Sauvage, Marc, Schirm, Maximilien R. P., Smith, M. W. L., Spinoglio, Luigi, and Wolfire, Mark

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Herschel SPIRE-FTS observations of Arp~220, a nearby ULIRG. The FTS continuously covers 190 -- 670 microns, providing a good measurement of the continuum and detection of several molecular and atomic species. We detect luminous CO (J = 4-3 to 13-12) and water ladders with comparable total luminosity; very high-J HCN absorption; OH+, H2O+, and HF in absorption; and CI and NII. Modeling of the continuum yields warm dust, with T = 66 K, and an unusually large optical depth of ~5 at 100 microns. Non-LTE modeling of the CO shows two temperature components: cold molecular gas at T ~ 50 K and warm molecular gas at T ~1350 K. The mass of the warm gas is 10% of the cold gas, but dominates the luminosity of the CO ladder. The temperature of the warm gas is in excellent agreement with H2 rotational lines. At 1350 K, H2 dominates the cooling (~20 L_sun/M_sun) in the ISM compared to CO (~0.4 L_sun/M_sun). We found that only a non-ionizing source such as the mechanical energy from supernovae and stellar winds can excite the warm gas and satisfy the energy budget of ~20 L_sun/M_sun. We detect a massive molecular outflow in Arp 220 from the analysis of strong P-Cygni line profiles observed in OH+, H2O+, and H2O. The outflow has a mass > 10^{7} M_sun and is bound to the nuclei with velocity < 250 km/s. The large column densities observed for these molecular ions strongly favor the existence of an X-ray luminous AGN (10^{44} ergs/s) in Arp 220., Comment: Accepted in ApJ on September 1, 2011

Published
2011
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8. Development of a Cryogenic Far-infrared Post-dispersed Polarizing Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Author

Naylor, David, primary, Gom, Brad, additional, Huber, Anthony, additional, Andersona, Alicia, additional, Christiansen, Adam, additional, Jellema, Willem, additional, Lap, Bram, additional, Veenendaal, Ian, additional, Cournoyer, Alain, additional, Grandmont, Frederic, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Gunuganti, Sudhakar, additional, and Ade, Peter, additional

Published
2021
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12. Development of a cryogenic far-infrared post-dispersed polarizing Fourier transform spectrometer: a demonstrator for the SPICA SAFARI instrument

Author

Naylor, David A., primary, Gom, Brad, additional, Huber, Tony, additional, Anderson, Alicia, additional, Christiansen, Adam, additional, Jellema, Willem, additional, Lap, Bram, additional, Veenendaal, Ian, additional, Cournoyer, Alain, additional, Grandmont, Frédéric, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Gunuganti, Sudhakar, additional, and Ade, Peter, additional

Published
2020
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22. The Herschel/SPIRE Spectrometer Useful Scripts

Author

Taylor, A. R., Rosolowsky, E., Polehampton, Edward, Hopwood, Rosalind, Valtchanov, Ivan, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, van der Wiel, Matthijs, Fulton, Trevor, Taylor, A. R., Rosolowsky, E., Polehampton, Edward, Hopwood, Rosalind, Valtchanov, Ivan, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, van der Wiel, Matthijs, and Fulton, Trevor

Abstract

In most cases, the Standard Product Generation (SPG) processing pipelines for the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) produce well-calibrated spectra of high quality. However, some Astronomical sources, such as those with a faint continuum, require additional processing to achieve more meaningful spectra. In consultation with the astronomical community, a set of scripts were developed to assist in the post-pipeline analysis of the spectra.

Published
2015

23. The Herschel/SPIRE Spectrometer Phase Correction Data Processing Tasks

Author

Taylor, A. R., Rosolowsky, E., Fulton, Trevor, Naylor, David, Polehampton, Edward, Hopwood, Rosalind, Valtchanov, Ivan, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Zaretski, Jeremy, Taylor, A. R., Rosolowsky, E., Fulton, Trevor, Naylor, David, Polehampton, Edward, Hopwood, Rosalind, Valtchanov, Ivan, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, and Zaretski, Jeremy

Abstract

Asymmetries in the recorded interferograms of Fourier Transform Spectrometers (FTS) can be caused by optical, electronic, and sampling effects. Left uncorrected, these asymmetries will result in a spectrum with both real and imaginary components and thus a non-zero phase. One or more phase correction steps are applied in FTS data processing pipelines to correct for these effects. In this paper we describe the causes of non-zero phase particular to the Herschel/SPIRE FTS and present the two phase correction processing steps employed. The evolution of the phase correction algorithms is also described.

Published
2015

24. Herschel SPIRE FTS spectral line source calibrators

Author

Hopwood, Rosalind, Polehampton, Edward, Valtchanov, Ivan, Fulton, Trevor, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, Makiwa, Gibion, Spencer, Locke, Swinyard, Bruce, van der Wiel, Matthijs H D, Hopwood, Rosalind, Polehampton, Edward, Valtchanov, Ivan, Fulton, Trevor, Lu, Nanyao, Marchili, Nicola, Naylor, David, Makiwa, Gibion, Spencer, Locke, Swinyard, Bruce, and van der Wiel, Matthijs H D

Abstract

We present a summary of the Herschel SPIRE/FTS calibration programme to monitor the repeatability of spectral lines. Observations of planetary nebulae and post-AGB stars are used to assess repeatability and model the asymmetry of the instrument line shape.

Published
2015

25. First Observations Of Titan With Herschel Spire

Author

Courtin, Régis, Swinyard, Bruce, Fulton, Trevor, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Moreno, Raphaël, Hartogh, Paul, Jarchow, Christopher, Rengel, Miriam, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

26. Comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann Observed with the Herschel Space Observatory: Detection of Water Vapour and Dust Far-IR Thermal Emission

Author

Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique, Biver, Nicolas, Crovisier, Jacques, de Val-Borro, Miguel, Fulton, Trevor, Hartogh, Paul, Hutsemekers, Damien, Jarchow, Christopher, Jehin, Emmanuel, Kidger, Mark R., Küppers, Michael, Lellouch, Emmanuel, Lis, Darek C., Manfroid, Jean, Moreno, Raphaël, Rengel, Miriam, Swinyard, B. C., Szutowicz, Slawomira, Vandenbussche, Bart, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Planétologie du LESIA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

28. Herschel SPIRE FTS data processing of partially extended sources

Author

Polehampton, Edward, primary, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Zaretski, Jeremy, additional, Wu, Ronin, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Swinyard, Bruce, additional, van der Wiel, Matthijs H. D., additional, Spencer, Locke, additional, and Naylor, David, additional

Published
2015
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29. Herschel SPIRE FTS Spectral Line Source Calibrators

Author

Hopwood, Rosalind, primary, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Naylor, David, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Spencer, Locke, additional, Swinyard, Bruce, additional, and van der Wiel, Matthijs, additional

Published
2015
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31. In-orbit performance of the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer: lessons learned

Author

Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., Clampin, Mark, Fazio, Giovanni G., MacEwen, Howard A., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Bendo, George J., Benielli, Dominique, Fulton, Trevor, Gom, Brad G., Griffin, Matthew J., Hopwood, Rosalind, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Makiwa, Gibion, Marchili, Nicola, Orton, Glen S., Papgeorgiou, Andreas, Pearson, Chris, Polehampton, Edward T., Schulz, Bernhard, Spencer, Locke D., Swinyard, Bruce M., Valtchanov, Ivan, van der Wiel, Matthijs, Veenendaal, Ian T., Wu, Ronin, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., Clampin, Mark, Fazio, Giovanni G., MacEwen, Howard A., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Bendo, George J., Benielli, Dominique, Fulton, Trevor, Gom, Brad G., Griffin, Matthew J., Hopwood, Rosalind, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Makiwa, Gibion, Marchili, Nicola, Orton, Glen S., Papgeorgiou, Andreas, Pearson, Chris, Polehampton, Edward T., Schulz, Bernhard, Spencer, Locke D., Swinyard, Bruce M., Valtchanov, Ivan, van der Wiel, Matthijs, Veenendaal, Ian T., and Wu, Ronin

Abstract

The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) is one of three scientific instruments on board the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory which ended its operational phase on 29 April 2013. The low to medium resolution spectroscopic capability of SPIRE is provided by an imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (iFTS) of the Mach-Zehnder configuration. With their high throughput, broad spectral coverage, and variable resolution, coupled with their well-defined instrumental line shape and intrinsic wavelength and intensity calibration, iFTS are becoming increasingly common in far-infrared space astronomy missions. The performance of the SPIRE imaging spectrometer will be reviewed and example results presented. The lessons learned from the measured performance of the spectrometer as they apply to future missions will be discussed.

Published
2014

32. In-orbit performance of the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer: lessons learned

Author

Naylor, David A., additional, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Bendo, George J., additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Fulton, Trevor R., additional, Gom, Brad G., additional, Griffin, Matthew J., additional, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya L., additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Orton, Glenn S., additional, Papageorgiou, Andreas, additional, Pearson, Chris, additional, Polehampton, Edward T., additional, Schulz, Bernhard, additional, Spencer, Locke D., additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, van der Wiel, Matthijs H. D., additional, Veenendaal, Ian T., additional, and Wu, Ronin, additional

Published
2014
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33. Herschel SPIRE FTS relative spectral response calibration

Author

Fulton, Trevor, primary, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Naylor, David, additional, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Swinyard, Bruce, additional, and Valtchanov, Ivan, additional

Published
2014
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34. Herschel SPIRE FTS spectral mapping calibration

Author

Benielli, Dominique, primary, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Griñón Marín, Ana Belén, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Naylor, David, additional, Spencer, Locke, additional, Swinyard, Bruce, additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, and van der Wiel, Matthijs, additional

Published
2014
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38. The data processing pipelines for the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer

Author

Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., Clampin, Mark C., MacEwen, Howard A., Fulton, Trevor R., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Bendo, George, Benielli, Dominique, Gastaud, Rene, Griffin, Matt, Guest, Steve, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Naylor, David A., Panuzzo, Pasquale, Polehampton, Edward, Schwartz, Arnold, Surace, Christian, Swinyard, Bruce M., Xu, Kevin, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., Clampin, Mark C., MacEwen, Howard A., Fulton, Trevor R., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Bendo, George, Benielli, Dominique, Gastaud, Rene, Griffin, Matt, Guest, Steve, Imhof, Peter, Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Naylor, David A., Panuzzo, Pasquale, Polehampton, Edward, Schwartz, Arnold, Surace, Christian, Swinyard, Bruce M., and Xu, Kevin

Abstract

We present an update to the data processing pipelines that generate calibrated spectral data products from the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE), one of three scientific instruments onboard the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory launched on 14 May 2009. The pipelines process telemetry from SPIRE's imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) taken in point source, jiggle- and raster-map observing modes, producing calibrated spectra in low-, medium-, high-, and mixed low- and high-spectral resolution. While the order and algorithms of the data processing modules in the spectrometer pipelines remain for the most part unchanged compared to their pre-launch status, some improvements and optimizations have been realized through the analysis of data from the performance verification and science demonstration phases of the mission. The data processing pipelines for the SPIRE FTS as of the beginning of the routine phase of the Herschel mission are presented in their entirety, with more detailed descriptions reserved for those elements that have changed since launch, in particular the first- and second-level correction steps for glitches, the step that corrects for clipped samples, and the process by which Level-1 spectral data are converted to Level-2 products. In addition, we discuss some of the challenging aspects still faced by the automated processing pipelines, such as the removal of the contributions from the Herschel telescope and SPIRE instrument, and the relative spectral response correction and flux conversion steps.

Published
2010

39. In-orbit performance of the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer

Author

Oschmann, Jacobus M., Clampin, Mark C., MacEwen, Howard A., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Barlow, Mike J., Benielli, Dominique, Ferlet, Marc, Fulton, Trevor R., Griffin, Matthew J., Grundy, Timothy, Imhof, Peter, Jones, Scott, King, Ken, Leeks, Sarah J., Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Makiwa, Gibion, Polehampton, Edward T., Savini, Giorgio, Sidher, Sunil D., Spencer, Locke D., Surace, Christian, Swinyard, Bruce M., Wesson, Roger, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Clampin, Mark C., MacEwen, Howard A., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Barlow, Mike J., Benielli, Dominique, Ferlet, Marc, Fulton, Trevor R., Griffin, Matthew J., Grundy, Timothy, Imhof, Peter, Jones, Scott, King, Ken, Leeks, Sarah J., Lim, Tanya L., Lu, Nanyao, Makiwa, Gibion, Polehampton, Edward T., Savini, Giorgio, Sidher, Sunil D., Spencer, Locke D., Surace, Christian, Swinyard, Bruce M., and Wesson, Roger

Abstract

The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) is one of three scientific instruments onboard the European Space Agency's Herschel Space Observatory launched on 14 May 2009. The low to medium resolution spectroscopic capability of SPIRE is provided by an imaging Fourier transform spectrometer of the Mach-Zehnder configuration. Results from the in flight performance verification phase of the SPIRE spectrometer are presented and conformance with the instrument design specifications is reviewed.

Published
2010

40. The data processing pipeline for the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Author

Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., de Graauw, Mattheus W. M., MacEwen, Howard A., Fulton, Trevor R., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Griffin, Matt, Davis-Imhof, Peter, Swinyard, Bruce M., Lim, Tanya L., Surace, Christian, Clements, Dave, Panuzzo, Pasquale, Gastaud, Rene, Polehampton, Edward, Guest, Steve, Lu, Nanyao, Schwartz, Arnold, Xu, Kevin, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., de Graauw, Mattheus W. M., MacEwen, Howard A., Fulton, Trevor R., Naylor, David A., Baluteau, Jean-Paul, Griffin, Matt, Davis-Imhof, Peter, Swinyard, Bruce M., Lim, Tanya L., Surace, Christian, Clements, Dave, Panuzzo, Pasquale, Gastaud, Rene, Polehampton, Edward, Guest, Steve, Lu, Nanyao, Schwartz, Arnold, and Xu, Kevin

Abstract

We present the data processing pipeline to generate calibrated data products from the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer. The pipeline processes telemetry from SPIRE point source, jiggle- and raster-map observations, producing calibrated spectra in low-, medium-, high-, and mixed low- and highresolution modes. The spectrometer pipeline shares some elements with the SPIRE photometer pipeline, including the conversion of telemetry packets into data timelines and the calculation of bolometer voltages from the raw telemetry. We present the following fundamental processing steps unique to the spectrometer: temporal and spatial interpolation of the stage mechanism and detector data to create interferograms; apodization; Fourier transform, and creation of a hyperspectral data cube. We also describe the corrections for various instrumental effects including first- and secondlevel glitch identification and removal, correction of the effects due to the Herschel primary mirror and the spectrometer calibrator, interferogram baseline correction, channel fringe correction, temporal and spatial phase correction, non-linear response of the bolometers, variation of instrument performance across the focal plane arrays, and variation of spectral efficiency. Astronomical calibration is based on combinations of observations of standard astronomical sources and regions of space known to contain minimal emission.

Published
2008

41. Herschel SPIRE fourier transform spectrometer: calibration of its bright-source mode

Author

Lu, Nanyao, primary, Polehampton, Edward T., additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Naylor, David A., additional, Schulz, Bernhard, additional, Sidher, Sunil, additional, and Valtchanov, Ivan, additional

Published
2013
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42. Relative pointing offset analysis of calibration targets with repeated observations with Herschel-SPIRE Fourier-transform spectrometer

Author

Valtchanov, Ivan, primary, Hopwood, Rosalind, additional, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Konopczyński, Tomasz, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Naylor, David, additional, and Swinyard, Bruce, additional

Published
2013
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43. Herschel SPIRE FTS telescope model correction

Author

Hopwood, Rosalind, primary, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Polehampton, Edward T., additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Marchili, Nicola, additional, Pearson, Chris P., additional, and Swinyard, Bruce M., additional

Published
2013
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44. OBSERVATIONS OF Arp 220 USINGHERSCHEL-SPIRE: AN UNPRECEDENTED VIEW OF THE MOLECULAR GAS IN AN EXTREME STAR FORMATION ENVIRONMENT

Author

Rangwala, Naseem, primary, Maloney, Philip R., additional, Glenn, Jason, additional, Wilson, Christine D., additional, Rykala, Adam, additional, Isaak, Kate, additional, Baes, Maarten, additional, Bendo, George J., additional, Boselli, Alessandro, additional, Bradford, Charles M., additional, Clements, D. L., additional, Cooray, Asantha, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Kamenetzky, Julia, additional, Madden, Suzanne C., additional, Mentuch, Erin, additional, Sacchi, Nicola, additional, Sauvage, Marc, additional, Schirm, Maximilien R. P., additional, Smith, M. W. L., additional, Spinoglio, Luigi, additional, and Wolfire, Mark, additional

Published
2011
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45. In-orbit Performance of the Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer of the Herschel Space Observatory

Author

Naylor, David A., primary, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Barlow, Mike J., additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Ferlet, Marc, additional, Fulton, Trevor R., additional, Griffin, Matthew J., additional, Grundy, Timothy, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Jones, Scott, additional, King, Ken, additional, Leeks, Sarah J., additional, Lim, Tanya L., additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Polehampton, Edward T., additional, Savini, Giorgio, additional, Sidher, Sunil D., additional, Spencer, Locke D., additional, Surace, Christian, additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, and Wesson, Roger, additional

Published
2011
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46. The data processing pipelines for the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer

Author

Fulton, Trevor R., primary, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Bendo, George, additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Gastaud, Rene, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Guest, Steve, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Lim, Tanya L., additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Naylor, David A., additional, Panuzzo, Pasquale, additional, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Schwartz, Arnold, additional, Surace, Christian, additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, and Xu, Kevin, additional

Published
2010
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47. Status of the SPIRE photometer data processing pipelines during the early phases of the Herschel Mission

Author

Dowell, C. Darren, primary, Pohlen, Michael, additional, Pearson, Chris, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Lim, Tanya, additional, Bendo, George J., additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Bock, James J., additional, Chanial, Pierre, additional, Clements, Dave L., additional, Conversi, Luca, additional, Ferlet, Marc, additional, Fulton, Trevor, additional, Gastaud, Rene, additional, Glenn, Jason, additional, Grundy, Tim, additional, Guest, Steve, additional, King, Ken J., additional, Leeks, Sarah J., additional, Levenson, Louis, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Morris, Huw, additional, Nguyen, Hien, additional, O'Halloran, Brian, additional, Oliver, Seb, additional, Panuzzo, Pasquale, additional, Papageorgiou, Andreas, additional, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Rigopoulou, Dimitra, additional, Roussel, Helene, additional, Schneider, Nicola, additional, Schulz, Bernhard, additional, Schwartz, Arnold, additional, Shupe, David L., additional, Sibthorpe, Bruce, additional, Sidher, Sunil, additional, Smith, Anthony J., additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, Trichas, Markos, additional, Valtchanov, Ivan, additional, Woodcraft, Adam L., additional, Xu, C. Kevin, additional, and Zhang, Lijun, additional

Published
2010
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48. In-orbit performance of the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer

Author

Naylor, David A., primary, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Barlow, Mike J., additional, Benielli, Dominique, additional, Ferlet, Marc, additional, Fulton, Trevor R., additional, Griffin, Matthew J., additional, Grundy, Timothy, additional, Imhof, Peter, additional, Jones, Scott, additional, King, Ken, additional, Leeks, Sarah J., additional, Lim, Tanya L., additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Makiwa, Gibion, additional, Polehampton, Edward T., additional, Savini, Giorgio, additional, Sidher, Sunil D., additional, Spencer, Locke D., additional, Surace, Christian, additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, and Wesson, Roger, additional

Published
2010
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50. The data processing pipeline for the Herschel/SPIRE imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer

Author

Fulton, Trevor R., primary, Naylor, David A., additional, Baluteau, Jean-Paul, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Davis-Imhof, Peter, additional, Swinyard, Bruce M., additional, Lim, Tanya L., additional, Surace, Christian, additional, Clements, Dave, additional, Panuzzo, Pasquale, additional, Gastaud, Rene, additional, Polehampton, Edward, additional, Guest, Steve, additional, Lu, Nanyao, additional, Schwartz, Arnold, additional, and Xu, Kevin, additional

Published
2008
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