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The wind energy sector faces a persistent challenge in developing sustainable solutions for decommissioned Wind Turbine Blades (WTB). This study utilises Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the gate-to-gate carbon footprint of high-profile disposal and recycling methods, aiming to determine optimal strategies for WTB waste treatment in the UK. While this article analyses the UK as a case study, the findings are applicable to, and intended to inform, recycling strategies for WTB waste globally. Long-term sustainability depends heavily on factors like evolving energy grids and changing WTB waste compositions and these must be considered for robust analysis and development strategy recommendations. In the short to medium term, mechanical recycling of mixed WTB waste is sufficient to minimise Global Warming Potential (GWP) due to the scarcity of carbon fibre in WTB waste streams. Beyond 2040, carbon fibre recycling becomes crucial to reduce GWP. The study emphasises the importance of matching WTB sub-structure material compositions with preferred waste treatment options for the lowest overall impact. Future development should focus on the extraction of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) structures in WTB waste streams, commercialising large-scale CFRP structure recycling technologies, establishing supply chains, and validating market routes for secondary carbon fibre products. In parallel, scaling up low-impact options, like mechanical recycling, is vital to minimise WTB waste landfilling. Developing viable applications and cost-effective market routes for mechanical recyclates is necessary to displace virgin glass fibres, while optimising upstream recycling processes based on product requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiology of breath holding is complex, and voluntary breath-hold duration is affected by many factors, including practice, psychology, respiratory chemoreflexes, and lung stretch. In this activity, we outline a number of simple laboratory activities or classroom demonstrations that illustrate the complexity of the integrative physiology behind breath-hold duration. These activities require minimal equipment and are easily adapted to small-group demonstrations or a larger-group inquiry format where students can design a protocol and collect and analyze data from their classmates. Specifically, breath-hold duration is measured during a number of maneuvers, including after end expiration, end inspiration, voluntary prior hyperventilation, and inspired hyperoxia. Further activities illustrate the potential contribution of chemoreflexes through rebreathing and repeated rebreathing after a maximum breath hold. The outcome measures resulting from each intervention are easily visualized and plotted and can comprise a comprehensive data set to illustrate and discuss complex and integrated cardiorespiratory physiology.

The virtues of learning medical history for medical students have long been argued. Surveys of Canadian medical schools were done in 1939, 1968, and 1999 to discover details about the inclusion of medical history in undergraduate medical education (UME). In 2012, we completed our own survey. While medical history is more commonly included in the core UME curriculum now than in the past, half of Canada's schools still do not require it. An analysis of trends over time reveals the central importance of longstanding and emergent prejudices and cultural influences as barriers to more widespread inclusion of medical history. Keywords. medical history teaching, medical education, survey analysis, medical culture Les vertus de l'apprentissage de l'histoire de la medecine par les etudiants en medecine ont ete souvent vantees. Des enquetes ont ete menees en 1939, 1968 et 1999 dans des ecoles de medecine canadiennes afin d'amasser de l'information sur la presence de cette matiere dans la formation. En 2012, nous avons complete notre propre enquete. Bien que l'histoire de la medecine soit plus souvent incluse dans les curriculums que par le passe, la moitie des ecoles canadiennes ne l'exigent toujours pas. Une analyse des tendances a travers le temps revele l'importance centrale de prejuges et de facteurs culturels anciens et recents ayant fait obstacle a une adoption plus large de l'histoire medicale. Mots-cles. Enseignement de l'histoire de la medecine, formation medicale, enquete, culture medicale, Over the years, many individuals have commented on the merits of learning medicine's history for medicine's students and its practitioners. (1) The history of medicine is said to: contextualize medical [...]

The southern painted turtle, Chrysemys dorsalis (Agassiz 1857) is a medium-sized emydid turtle that ranges from western Tennessee south through Alabama and Mississippi and westward to eastern Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma [...]