1. Coherent array imaging using phased subarrays. Part II: simulations and experimental results
- Author
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Sanli Ergun, Butrus T. Khuri-Yakub, J.A. Johnson, Mustafa Karaman, Omer Oralkan, Utkan Demirci, Işık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, Işık University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Karaman, Mustafa, Oralkan, Omer -- 0000-0001-8616-6877, and Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA -- Stanford Univ, Image Guidance Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA -- Isik Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Istanbul, Turkey
- Subjects
3.2 cm ,Subsampling rate ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,Computer science ,Phased array ,Tomography, optical coherence ,Ultrasonic transducers ,Computer-aided design ,Axial point resolution ,Capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer array ,Equipment failure analysis ,Frequency domains ,Signal bandwidth ,Electric currents ,Scanning ,Models, biological ,Wideband ,Evaluation ,Instrumentation ,Image resolution ,Signal to noise ratio ,Transducer ,Classical synthetic apertures (CSA) ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Ultrasonic imaging ,3 MHz ,Frame rate ,Validation study ,Equipment Design ,Computer simulation ,Computer assisted diagnosis ,Corrosion ,Synthetic apertures ,Image reconstruction ,Image enhancement ,Array signal processing ,Equipment design ,Computer-Aided Design ,Electromagnetic wave attenuation ,Filter size ,Classical synthetic aperture imaging ,Tomography, Optical Coherence ,Ultrasonic transducer arrays ,Transducers ,Resolution phantom ,Equipment ,Iterative reconstruction ,Reconstruction filter ,Models, Biological ,Phantoms, imaging ,Imaging phantom ,Spurious signal noise ,Bandwidth ,Hardware ,Optics ,Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,Phased subarrays ,Phased arrays ,Image quality ,Imaging systems ,Computer Simulation ,Imaging phantoms ,Frequency-domain analysis ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) ,Arrays ,Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ,Spatial resolution ,Signal resolution ,Computer aided design ,Optical coherence tomography ,business.industry ,Front-end hardware channels ,Methodology ,Capacitive micromachined ultrasound tranducers (CMUT) ,Image Enhancement ,Phased subarrays (PSA) ,Image interpretation, computer-assisted ,Doppler echocardiography ,Interpolation ,Equipment Failure Analysis ,Full-phased array imaging ,Coherent array imaging ,Biological model ,Echocardiography, doppler, pulsed ,Vegetable oils ,business - Abstract
The basic principles and theory of phased subarray (PSA) imaging imaging provides the flexibility of reducing I he number of front-end hardware channels between that of classical synthetic aperture (CSA) imaging-which uses only one element per firing event-and full-phased array (FPA,) imaging-which uses all elements for each firing. The performance of PSA generally ranges between that obtained by CSA and FPA using the same array, and depends on the amount of hardware complexity reduction. For the work described in this paper, we performed FPA, CSA, and PSA imaging of a resolution phantom using both simulated and experimental data from a 3-MHz, 3.2-cm, 128-element capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array. The simulated system point responses in the spatial and frequency domains are presented as a means of studying the effects of signal bandwidth, reconstruction filter size, and subsampling rate on the PSA system performance. The PSA and FPA sector-scanned images were reconstructed using the wideband experimental data with 80% fractional bandwidth, with seven 32-element subarrays used for PSA imaging. The measurements on the experimental sector images indicate that, at the transmit focal zone, the PSA method provides a 10% improvement in the 6-dB lateral resolution, and the axial point resolution of PSA imaging is identical to that of FPA imaging. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PSA image was 58.3 dB, 4.9 dB below that of the FPA image, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is reduced by 10%. The simulated and experimental test results presented in this paper validate theoretical expectations and illustrate the flexibility of PSA imaging as a way to exchange SNR and frame rate for simplified front-end hardware. Publisher's Version Q2 WOS:000226812800007 PubMed ID: 15742562
- Published
- 2005
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