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Stroke research in non-human primates (NHPs) with gyrencephalic brains is a critical step in overcoming the translational barrier that limits the development of new pharmaceutical and rehabilitative strategies for stroke. White-matter stroke (WMS) has a unique pathophysiology from gray-matter stroke and is not well understood because of a lack of pertinent animal models. To create a precise capsular infarct model in the cynomolgus macaque, we first used electrical stimulation to map hand movements, followed by viral tracing of the hand motor fibers (hMFs). This enabled us to identify stereotactic targets in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC). Neural tracing showed that hMFs occupy the full width of the PLIC, owing to overlap with the motor fibers for the leg. Furthermore, the hMFs were distributed in an oblique shape, requiring coronal tilting of the target probe. We used the photothrombotic infarct lesioning technique to precisely destroy the hMFs within the internal capsule. Double-point infarct lesioning that fully compromised the hMFs resulted in persistent hand motor and walking deficits whereas single-point lesioning did not. Minor deviations in targeting failed to produce persistent motor deficits. Accurate stereotactic targeting with thorough involvement of motor fibers is critical for the production of a capsular infarct model with persistent motor deficits. In conclusion, the precision capsular infarct model can be translated to the NHP system to show persistent motor deficits and may be useful to investigate the mechanism of post-stroke recovery as well as to develop new therapeutic strategies for the WMS.

Within the framework of the standard model (SM), the decay of the Higgs boson into a quark-antiquark pair with gluon emission is studied. An analytical expression is obtained for the decay width, and a dependence of the decay width on the quark and antiquark energies is studied. By integrating over the quark and antiquark energies, the full width of the Higgs boson decay Н → q $$ \overline{q} $$ g is determined.

Following effective treatment with systemic antifungal therapy, eyelid lesions from blastomycosis infection may be replaced by disfiguring fibrosis and scarring, which may be surgically challenging to correct. A 68-year-old man with biopsy-proven eyelid blastomycosis was treated with 6 months of oral voriconazole, but resolution of the lesion was complicated by cicatricial changes causing complete lower eyelid defect, epicanthal web, cicatricial mechanical ptosis, and skin plaques. Although repair adhered to the fundamentals of eyelid reconstruction, cicatricial changes associated with blastomycosis infection necessitated a modified approach and attachment sites. A tarsoconjunctival flap (Hughes flap) with modified flap connections utilizing cicatrix and remaining viable tissue was employed to reconstruct the lower eyelid defect and combined with tissue advancement using a Mustardé four-flap epicanthoplasty and post-auricular full-thickness skin graft. Satisfactory cosmetic outcome was achieved at last follow-up of 3.5 months postoperatively. This case demonstrates a feasible technique for reconstruction of significant eyelid defects following robust cicatricial changes such as those after blastomycosis. This report also presents the first description of reconstruction of lower eyelid defect and of posterior lamellar loss after blastomycosis infection.

Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS) crystals are excellent high temperature piezoelectric materials. 4–6 inch CTGS crystals were successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The (110), (100) and (001) faces were strongly exposed, respectively, and the growth rate of the (001) faces was obviously faster than those of (100) and (110). The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values of a 4 inch Y-cut CTGS wafer were found to be between 11.8′′ and 15.8′′. The piezoelectric properties of CTGS were measured by the resonance method at room temperature. The piezoelectric coefficients d11 and d14 were found to be 4.07 pC N−1 and −14.01 pC N−1, and the electromechanical coupling coefficients k12 and k26 were determined to be 24.7% and 19.5%, respectively. All d11 values of X-cut plates cut from different positions of the as-grown crystal were determined to be between 4.1 pC N−1 and 4.3 pC N−1. The electrical resistivities of the X-cut plates of CTGS were approximately 7.1 × 108 Ω cm at 500 °C and 4.4 × 106 Ω cm at 800 °C, respectively.

The structural changes that occur in the strongly hysteretic spin-crossover complex [Fe(qsal-I)2]NTf2 (1) have been determined for the full width of the hysteresis. In the cooling mode, structural ...

This paper reports the epitaxial growth of EuH2 thin films with an ω-scan full width at half-maximum of 0.07°, the smallest value for metal hydride thin films reported so far. The thin films were d...

We designed a linear Fresnel lens (LFL) for harvesting solar energy. The optimized LFL was fabricated with dimensions of 100 (W) × 100 (H) × 5(T) mm3, a focal length of 100 mm, and a fixed pitch size of 500 µm. The maximum focal efficiency is approximately 91%, and the half width at half maximum (HWHM) value of the focus size is approximately 130 µm. We also investigated the robustness of the LFL to changes in the incident angle, draft angle, and detection position. Simulations revealed a focal efficiency above 85% with an incident angle up to 1°, a draft angle up to 10°, and a detection position up to ±10 mm. We fabricated the LFL by using an injection molding process. The fabricated lens had a maximum focal efficiency of approximately 88% and a full width at half max (FWHM) of about 2.5 mm.

Herein, we demonstrate a simple approach for tuning the elecrochemiluminescence (ECL) properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) by using mixed-monovalent cations. By replacing some of the Cs+ with Rb+, a series of RbxCs1−xPbBr3 NCs were obtained. They exhibit a narrow ECL emission peak with a full width at half-maximum of about 26–34 nm. After continuously injecting holes to produce different charged state radicals, an annihilation ECL was observed, implying that the as-prepared RbxCs1−xPbBr3 NCs are in an electron-rich state. In the presence of 2-dibutyaminoethanol as a co-reactant, strong anodic ECL of RbxCs1−xPbBr3 NCs was obtained. From CsPbBr3 NCs to RbPbBr3 NCs, the ECL peak potential position moved from 1.25 V to 1.80 V with the ECL spectrum peak shifting from 512 to 468 nm, respectively, indicating the tunable ECL properties. The Rb0.2Cs0.8PbBr3 NCs have a higher ECL intensity than the CsPbBr3 NCs.

Background: Pollicization remains the default treatment for severe thumb hypoplasia, while the metatarsal transfer is an effective choice for metacarpal reconstruction, with competitive outcome of reconstructed thumb. However, rare researches focused on the outcome of donor foot of the metatarsal transfer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcome of donor foot after full-width metatarsal transfer for Manske Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia.Methods: Fourteen patients with Manske Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia were enrolled in the study. A full-width metatarsal graft (vascularised, from the second metatarsal or non-vascularised, from the fourth metatarsal) was harvested; an adjacent half-width graft from the third metatarsal was transposed horizontally to replace the donor defect. Objective and subjective evaluations were performed at least 12 months postoperatively. The appearances of the toes and the radiographic findings of the metatarsals were evaluated by two authors, the length and width of the metatarsals were measured on digital anteroposterior radiographs using a paired sample t test. The parental satisfaction was evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Among these 14 patients (eight type ⅢB and six type Ⅳ thumbs), there were ten male and four female patients. The mean age at operation was 34.2 months (range: 14 to 127 months), and the mean follow-up was 16.1 months (range: 12 to 30 months). Toe lengthening, toe overriding, and synostosis between the metatarsals were observed in two, two and two patients; toe shortening, toe deviation, metatarsal lengthening and metatarsal angulation were observed in one, one, one and one patient. The lengths of third and fourth metatarsals in donor site were significantly larger than those in contralateral side, while the widths of third and fourth metatarsals were not significantly different between donor and contralateral sides. The mean score in the parental satisfaction questionnaire (full score, 30) was 27.2, (range: 17 to 30), which rated as “good”. Conclusions: Following full-width metatarsal transfer for Type IIIB and IV thumb hypoplasia, transposition of the adjacent half-width metatarsal for donor reconstruction results in minor donor deficit and overall parenteral satisfaction. Level of evidence: Ⅳ

Full-width tubular joints, consisting of chord and brace members of the same width (or diameter), have been frequently used in architectural, civil, and offshore structures owing to their h...

An optical fiber waveguide coupled surface plasmon resonance sensor is demonstrated. The spectral properties of the sensor including full width at half-maximum and resonance depth are theoretically investigated.

Full-width sharp-edged broad-crested rectangular weirs in the range 0.1 < h/L ≤ 0.3 situated in rectangular channels are frequently used in submerged flow conditions. To determine the discharge for the submerged flow, submergence coefficient and modular limit shall be known. This article deals with their determination upon a theoretic derivation and experimental research. The equation for modular limit has been determined from energy balance with simplifications. To validate it, extensive experimental research was carried out. However, the derived equation is too complicated for practical use which is why it was approximated by a simple equation applicable for the limited range. The equation for submergence coefficient was derived by modifying Villemonte’s application of the principle of superposition and its coefficients were determined using the data from experimental research of many authors. The new system of equations computes the discharge more accurately than other authors’ equations, with the error of approximately ±10% in full range of the measured data.

The magnetic phase transition and magnetocaloric effects of Gd65(Cu,Co,Mn)35 amorphous ribbons were investigated. The increased Mn substitution for Co or Mn substitution for Cu led into a higher second-order magnetic phase transformation temperature, near 200 K in all ribbons. Under the field change of 7 T, a maximum entropy change (ΔSmmax) of 6 J kg−1 K−1 was achieved in Gd65Cu10Co20Mn5 ribbon and slightly dependent on the compositions. With varied composition, a full width at half of ΔSmmax was greatly widened to be over than 180 K for Gd65Cu15Co10Mn10 ribbon. The refrigeration capacity was also greatly enhanced to 1000 J kg−1 for Gd65Cu20Co10Mn5 ribbon, which was even excellent compared with other Gd-based amorphous systems.

To compare the inherent mechanical properties of suture in tape configuration with a flat, evenly distributed core to a round suture with a round core composed of the same materials.SutureTape and FiberWire composed of equivalent materials were used to tie surgical knots. Knot height was measured. Knot security was measured at the maximum load at 1, 2, and 3 mm of displacement and at failure. Tensile strength and stiffness were measured using untied samples.SutureTape demonstrated superior knot security with greater ultimate load to failure (327.2 ± 15.4 N vs 257.4 ± 12.2 N; P = .002), maximum load at 1 mm of displacement (149.8 ± 18.6 N vs 108.8 ± 13.8 N; P = .001), and 2 mm of displacement (242.7 ± 38.6 N vs 181.2 ± 24.4 N; P = .008). It also demonstrated greater stiffness (5.4 ± 0.3 N/mm vs 2.8 ± 0.3 N/mm; P.001) and tensile strength (378.8 ± 13.6 N vs 235.6 ± 4.8 N). Knot height differences (1.27 ± .11 mm vs 1.37 ± .08 mm; P = .110) and load at 3 mm of displacement (279.3 ± 42.4 N vs 225.5 ± 46.1 N; P = .062) were not statistically significant.During mechanical testing, SutureTape with a broad core distributed over the full width of the tape demonstrated greater knot security, ultimate load to failure, and tensile stiffness than FiberWire, a round core suture. We found no significant difference in knot stack height between the suture designs.The study demonstrates the superior mechanical properties of suture in tape configuration over similarly composed round suture without a significant difference in knot stack height. Suture in tape configuration has the potential to perform as well as round suture in the clinical setting.

Inspired by the enhanced photoluminescence of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) with a rigid shell, the formation of rigid host-guest assemblies on AuNC surfaces was employed to screen novel electrochemiluminophores with 6-aza-2-thiothymine(ATT)-protected AuNCs (ATT-AuNCs) and l-arginine (ARG) as models for the first time. The rigid host-guest assemblies formed between ARG and ATT on the ATT-AuNC surface enabled aqueous-soluble ARG/ATT-AuNCs with a dramatically enhanced electrochemiluminescence (ECL) compared to ATT-AuNCs. This includes one cathodic ECL process (-1.30 V) and three anodic ECL processes (+0.78, 0.90, and 1.05 V) in a so-called half-scan experiment without a co-reactant, as well as a 70-fold enhanced oxidative-reduction ECL at +0.78 V with tri-n-propylamine as a co-reactant. Importantly, the ECL of the ARG/ATT-AuNCs is highly monochromatic with an emission maximum around 532 nm and a full width at half-maximum of 36 nm, which is of great interest for color-selective ECL assays.

We report a simple device that generates synchronized mechanical and electrical pressure waves for carrying out bacterial transformation. The mechanical pressure waves are produced by igniting a confined nanoenergetic composite material that provides ultrahigh pressure. Further, this device has an arrangement through which a synchronized electric field (of a time-varying nature) is initiated at a delay of ≈85 μs at the full width half-maxima point of the pressure pulse. The pressure waves so generated are incident to a thin aluminum–polydimethylsiloxane membrane that partitions the ignition chamber from the column of the mixture containing bacterial cells (Escherichia coli BL21) and 4 kb transforming DNA. A combination of mechanical and electrical pressure pulse created through the above arrangement ensures that the transforming DNA transports across the cell membrane into the cell, leading to a transformation event. This unique device has been successfully operated for efficient gene (∼4 kb) transfer into cells. The transformation efficacy of this device is found comparable to the other standard methods and protocols for carrying out the transformation.

Strip tillage might offer an option to produce high silage maize yields at lower costs and improved erosion control compared to full width tillage practices. However, the strip tillage is not included in the agricultural production practice of the farmers in our country. In this study, three different strips tillage application have been used as a alternative to traditional practices(CT). While the machine made by the Maschio Gaspardo(OST) is used in one of the applications of the strip tillage, the other two machines (horizontal (MHST)and vertical shaft rotary tillers(MVST)) have been modified and used in strip tillage. The width of the strips of applications varied between 25-28cm. As a depending on strip tillage applications, 35-40 % of soil surface was tilled. While the penetration resistance of the strip tillage applications ranged from 0.45-1.91 MPa, the surface roughness of the strips were found to be about 11 %. Results of fuel consumption were 4.92, 1.82, 1.3 and 0.73 l da-1 for the full width tillage, OST, MVST and MHST respectively. Seedling emergence degree were approximately 6 % higher for MVST and OST compared to CT. An average increasing of 12 % plant emergence rate index (ERI) under MVST compared with other applications was found.

We explore constraints on various new physics resonances from four top-quark production based on current experimental data. Both light and heavy resonances are studied in the work. A comparison of full width effect and narrow width approximation is also made., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures; published version of Chinese Physics C; English typo corrected

The spectroscopic parameters and decay channels of the axial-vector tetraquark (in what follows, ) are explored using the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) sum rule method. The mass and coupling of this state are calculated using two-point sum rules by taking into account various vacuum condensates, up to 10 dimensions. Our prediction for the mass of this state confirms that it is stable with respect to strong and electromagnetic decays and can dissociate to conventional mesons only via weak transformations. We investigate the dominant semileptonic and nonleptonic decays of . In these processes, is a scalar tetraquark built of a color-triplet diquark and an antidiquark, whereas M is one of the vector mesons , , , and . To calculate the partial widths of these decays, we use the QCD three-point sum rule approach and evaluate the weak transition form factors ( ), which govern these processes. The full width and the mean lifetime of the tetraquark are computed using the aforementioned weak decays. The obtained information about the parameters of and is useful for experimental investigations of these double-heavy exotic mesons.

An all-subwavelength grating waveguide-based sensing structure for figure of merit (FOM) improvement on a silicon-on-insulator platform is proposed and demonstrated. Four racetrack resonators are applied to narrow the spectrum from the drop port of a single racetrack resonator for lower full width at half-maximum, and the FOM is therefore higher through the spectrum-narrowing operation. Numerical simulation and analysis illustrate that the proposed structure is able to raise the FOM more than twice compared to a single racetrack resonator, and a high FOM of 1850.57/refractive index unit is achieved.

We report the growth of CuMnSb thin films by molecular beam epitaxy on InAs (001) substrates. The CuMnSb layers are compressively strained (0.6 %) due to lattice mismatch. The thin films have a $\ensuremath{\omega}$ full width at half-maximum of 7.7 arcsec according to high resolution x-ray diffraction, and a root-mean-square roughness of 0.14 nm as determined by atomic force microscopy. Magnetic and electrical properties are found to be consistent with reported values from bulk samples. We find a N\'eel temperature of 62 K, a Curie-Weiss temperature of \ensuremath{-}65 K, and an effective moment of $5.9\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}/\mathrm{f}.\mathrm{u}.$ Transport measurements confirm the antiferromagnetic transition and show a residual resistivity at 4 K of $35\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}$\textohm{} cm.

Since the global financial crisis of 2008, all construction related activities are now subject to cost control of each project. An important component of the optimal choice is the implementation cost. The evaluation of construction activities can be conducted by estimating their environmental as well as their cost footprint, which is also the demand and consumption measure for the societies' needs. Water and sewerage projects have a key role in the standard of living, Public Health and environment. Therefore, water supply network replacements are important to upgrade the quality and quantity of water, through cost-effective choices. The purpose of this study is to present and comment on the uniform cost footprint through the complete replacement of the old water supply network along with complete reconstruction of pavement compared to local repair activities. Usual practices in repair works of old networks and flexible pavement rehabilitations are presented, assessing the benefits of total reconstruction by carrying out life cycle cost analysis in terms of uniform cost per year. The project of replacing the water supply network in the municipality of Larissa, Greece for the period 2015-2019 is analyzed, linking water savings with simultaneous total pavement rehabilitation, calculating average cost per inhabitant and hydrometer, comparing cost and pavement surface area between total and localized rehabilitation activities for a twenty-year rollback period. The fruitful findings of this research study, indicate that full-width pavement rehabilitation along with new water supply network establishment is economically advantageous compared to local rehabilitation treatments, according to the time period considered. Thus, competent authorities can use the proposed methodology as a useful tool to conclude to the optimal choice for maintaining water supply networks in a cost-effective way.

The chapter begins with the basic concept of sizing spun cotton and filament yarns. Yarn’s hairiness considered to be the most serious hazard in weaving single spun yarns in their unsized state is illustrated with full width weaving trials carried out on single unsized cotton and single unsized singed cotton yarns. It then covers the characteristics of different size materials as well as of a good size mixture. The chapter then deals with the importance of sizing weaving curve and the effect of size on adhesion between fibres in yarn structure. Sizing machines using cylinders drying and hot-air drying are illustrated in detail along with the factors that affect the percentage of size applied to a warp. The chapter finally covers briefly the automation controls of modern sizing machines.

We present an extensive (∼1200 d) photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the Type IIn supernova (SN) 2012ab. After a rapid initial rise leading to a bright maximum (MR = −19.39 mag), the light curves show a plateau lasting about 2 months followed by a steep decline up to about 100 d. Only in the U band, the decline is constant in the same interval. At later phases, the light curves remain flatter than the 56Co decline, suggesting the increasing contribution of the interaction between SN ejecta with circumstellar material (CSM). Although heavily contaminated by emission lines of the host galaxy, the early spectral sequence (until 32 d) shows persistent narrow emissions, indicative of slow unshocked CSM, and the emergence of broad Balmer lines of hydrogen with P-Cygni profiles over a blue continuum, arising from a fast expanding SN ejecta. From about 2 months to ∼1200 d, the P-Cygni profiles are overcome by intermediate width emissions [full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ∼6000 km s−1], produced in the shocked region due to interaction. On the red wing, a red bump appears after 76 d, likely a signature of the onset of interaction of the receding ejecta with the CSM. The presence of fast material both approaching and then receding is suggestive that we are observing the SN along the axis of a jet-like ejection in a cavity devoid of or uninterrupted by CSM in the innermost regions., NER acknowledges support from the Spanish MICINN grant ESP2017-82674-R and FEDER funds. SB, LT, and MT are partially supported by the PRIN-INAF 2016 with the project Towards the SKA and CTA era: discovery, localization, and physics of transient sources (PI: M. Giroletti).

This chapter develops a research agenda for examining family policy outcomes with respect to vertical economic inequality between households, arguing that family policies have wrongly been neglected as a determinant of vertical economic inequality. Three questions are central to this research agenda: who uses family policy, to what income effect, and with whom do people live? Family policies have been linked to women’s employment and earnings, and to lower vertical income inequality. Yet, the literature also makes abundantly clear that family policies come with trade-offs along the lines of gender and class, as well as Matthew effects. These mechanisms need to be better understood to integrate family policy in analyses of—and recommendation against—high and rising inequality. The challenge ahead is to understand what (combination of) family policies may be inclusive to a wide range of families across the full width of the income distribution.

The partial width of the decay channels $f_0(500) \to \pi \pi$, $f_0(980) \to \pi \pi$ and $f_0(980) \to K \bar K$ are calculated using QCD light-cone sum rules method and a technique of the soft meson approximation. The scalar particles are treated as mixtures of the heavy $|H\rangle =([su][\bar s \bar u]+[sd][\bar s \bar d])/\sqrt 2$ and light $|L\rangle =[ud][\bar u \bar d]$ scalar diquark-antidiquark components. Obtained results for the full width of the $f_0(500)$ meson $\Gamma_{\mathrm{th}.}=434.7\pm 72.3~\mathrm{MeV}$ and for the $f_0(980)$ meson $\Gamma_{\mathrm{th.}}=42.12\pm 6.70~\mathrm{MeV }$ are compared with the world averages for these parameters, and a reasonable agreement between them is found., Comment: 7 Pages and 1 Figure

Hybrid organic–inorganic and all-inorganic metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) have aroused extensive attention from both academic and industrial researchers, considering their excellent performance in optoelectronic applications. Herein, we develop a facile and time-saving strategy to synthesize NH2CH═NH2PbBr3 (NH2CH═NH+, FA) PNCs at room temperature. Benefiting from this facile method, high-quality FAPbBr3 PNCs with photoluminescence quantum yield up to 76% and narrow full width at half-maxima of 20 nm can be produced on a large scale. Moreover, anion-exchange reactions run by using FAPbBr3 as a template, producing various PNCs with different anion constituents. By manipulating the ratios of two different anions, a series PNCs with various bright photoluminescence ranging from 452 to 646 nm could be done. On account of superior and adjustable photoluminescence over the visible spectral region, FAPbBr3 PNCs can be applied as a promising color-converting material in liquid-crystal display (LCD) ba...

Numerous optical films have been developed to implement optoelectronics with advanced performance. In this study, we propose a color purifying optical nanothin film that improves the performance of optoelectronics by filtering the white light to have a spectrum composed of pure three primary colors of red, green, and blue. It was experimentally confirmed that a wider color gamut that covers 176.33% of the sRGB could be expressed when the suggested optical nanothin film was applied to a display system consisting of a white back light unit and color filters. Furthermore, a full width half-maximum value of 20 nm on average was observed in the three primary colors. When this film was applied to light recording optoelectronics, such as cameras, it acts as a multiband-pass filter that increases the sensitivity of the three primary colors. The principle of this optical nanothin film is based on multiple light resonance inside the film. A theoretical analysis and simulations were conducted to design the structure...

An adaptive retina-like sampling model (ARSM) is proposed to balance autofocusing accuracy and efficiency. Based on the model, we carry out comparative experiments between the proposed method and the traditional method in terms of accuracy, the full width of the half maxima (FWHM) and time consumption. Results show that the performances of our method are better than that of the traditional method. Meanwhile, typical autofocus functions, including sum-modified-Laplacian (SML), Laplacian (LAP), Midfrequency-DCT (MDCT) and Absolute Tenengrad (ATEN) are compared through comparative experiments. The smallest FWHM is obtained by the use of LAP, which is more suitable for evaluating accuracy than other autofocus functions. The autofocus function of MDCT is most suitable to evaluate the real-time ability.

In this work, we report on the systematic variation of the glass-forming ability (GFA) and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Gd55Co20-xAl24Si1Fex (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 at%) metallic glasses (MGs), which are potential candidates for magnetocaloric cooling applications. The addition of Fe broadens the full width of half maximum of magnetic entropy change (δTFWHM), thereby greatly increases the refrigeration capacity (RC). Accordingly, the δTFWHM as large as 118 K, magnetic entropy change |ΔSM| of 7.26 J kg−1K−1 at 130 K, and corresponding large RC of 857 J kg−1 under applied field of 5 T are obtained for the composition with 5 at% Fe substitution. By increasing the atomic fraction of Fe dopants, the Curie temperature TC increases systematically at the same time. Such high GFA of novel Gd-based MGs with large MCE makes them attractive candidates for magnetic refrigeration applications in the future.

In this study, we proposed a novel method to grow high-quality AlN films on sputtered AlN/sapphire substrates by designing an AlN gradient interlayer (GIL-AlN). The epitaxial growth kinetics and growth mechanism were studied in detail, which are responsible for the effects of GIL-AlN layers on the morphology evolution, crystal quality and in-plane biaxial stress of AlN films by varying temperature and/or V/III ratio gradient. The results showed that the insertion of a temperature and V/III ratio gradient GIL-AlN promoted the initial coalescence of small sputtered AlN grains, which finally grew into larger and low-density AlN islands in consistent c-axis orientation, leading to less threading dislocations and biaxial tensile stress in the upper HT-AlN films. Finally, we obtained a 1.5 μm high-quality crack-free AlN film with an atomically smooth surface, and the full width at half-maximum values of (0002) and (102) rocking curves were 197 and 435 arcsec, respectively, in an almost stress-free state. This GIL-AlN method provides a possible way to improve the surface cracks and quality of AlN films deposited on sputtered AlN/sapphire substrates, which hold great promise for commercialization in AlN-based devices.

An Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Ca9Y(VO4)3(PO4)4 crystal was grown by the Czochralski method and the polarized spectroscopic properties of the crystal were investigated at room temperature. The peak emission cross sections of the 4I13/2→4I15/2 transition of Er3+ are 1.04 ×10−20 and 0.8 × 10−20 cm2 at 1533 nm for σ and π polarizations, respectively. The full width at half the maximum of the emission band around 1.55 µm is about 50 nm for π polarization. The fluorescence lifetimes of the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 multiplets of Er3+ in the crystal are 14.27 µs and 4.89 ms, respectively. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+ to Er3+ in the crystal was estimated to be about 69.3%.

Untuk memperluas dan menghasilkan kualitas sensor yang baik dari Microring Resonator salah satu objek yang dapat divariasikan ialah kopling dalam devais Microring Resonator. Variasi kopling yang gunakan 0.25, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7. untuk luas sensing dapat dilihat pada FSR (Free Spectral Range) dan kualitas sensor dapat dilihat pada FWHM (full width half maksimum) sebagai parameter sensor dan perangkat telekomunikasi. FSR tidak dipengaruhi oleh kopling hanya dipengaruhi oleh jari-jari dan panjang gelombang. Dengan panjang gelombang yang digunakan 1300 dan 1350. FSR terbesar didapat pada nilai 1350. Kualitas sensor yang kita lihat pada FWHM. FWHM terbesar didapat pada 1350 (panjang gelombang) dan 0.7 lebar koplingnya.In order to improve the performace of microring resonator, the object that can be varied is the coupler in the microring resonator device. The values of the coupler that varied is 0.25, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 in nanometer. For the sensing range of the device can be observed in the FSR (Free Spectral Range) and the sensor quality can be observed in FWHM (full width half maximum) as the sensor's parameter and communication device. The FSR was not affected by the coupler but by the radius and the wavelength. In this paper the wavelength that is used are 1300 and 1350. The highest FSR obtained at the 1350 wavelength. The sensor quality is at best when the coupler is 0.7 nm with 1350 wavelength.

We identify a pre-explosion counterpart to the nearby Type IIP supernova ASASSN-16fq (SN 2016cok) in archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data. The source appears to be a blend of several stars that prevents obtaining accurate photometry. However, with reasonable assumptions about the stellar temperature and extinction, the progenitor almost certainly had an initial mass M, Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Spectrum-based and color-selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) was crucial for multiple-colored ECL assay strategy. Herein, a spectrum-based ECL immunoassay of high color-purity was performed on a home-made ECL acquiring system by spectrally imaging the ECL emission of highly-passivated CdSe nanocrystals (NCs), i.e. the ECL tags, which were labelled onto sandwich-typed immuno-complexes with CA125 as target molecule. The ECL tags could give off efficient ECL around 555 nm with the full width at half-maximum of 39 nm, so that the spectrum-based ECL strategy could color-selectively determine CA125 with linear response range from 10-4 U/mL to 1 U/mL and the limit of detection of 5  10-5 U/mL. The intrinsically improved signal/noise ratio of ECL to fluorescence might eventually enable the spectrum-based ECL immunoassay a promising alternative to the NCs based multiple-colored fluorescent assay strategy.

In this work, large size SmCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (SmCOB) and YCa 4 O(BO 3 ) 3 (YCOB) crystals with high-quality were grown by Czochralski technique along direction. The crystal growth habits, quality, piezoelectric coefficients and high-temperature resistivity of the as-grown crystals were studied. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the rocking curves of YCOB and SmCOB crystals from top to bottom were found to be in the range 20.4” to 21.0” and 20.5” to 21.3”, respectively. At room temperature, the piezoelectric coefficients d 11 , d22 and of (YXlw) −15°/45°-cut of SmCOB and YCOB crystals were determined to be 2.0 pC/N, 1.7 pC/N, 8.4 pC/N and 1.3 pC/N, 3.1 pC/N, 6.4 pC/N, respectively. The electric resistivity of SmCOB and YCOB crystals with X, Y and Z cuts were characterized from 660 °C up to 900 °C. At 900 °C, the resistivity of various kinds of cuts were found to be in the range from 9.80 × 106 Ω·cm to 1.09× 108 Ω·cm.

In this experiment effect of two full and half width sinusoidal inner tubes in triplex-tube heat exchanger with phase change material (PCM) was investigated. Length and diameter of the tubes have been chosen such that the area of each tube to be the same. Charging and discharging processes were carried out by inner tube, outer tube and both. Results indicated, PCM melting and solidification time for the full width sinusoidal inner tube, in the processes of charging and discharging from the inner tube, outer tube and two sides were shorter than the half width sinusoidal inner tube. Comparing the charging and discharging processes of these tubes with a straight inner tube indicated significant improvement in the amount and reduction in time of PCM melting. The melting mode in the straight tube process was incomplete after about 32.5 hours, however in the case of full and half width sinusoidal inner tube, the melting times were 8 and 10 hours, respectively. Moreover, it was an improvement of 54% in melting time from the outer tube in the full width sinusoidal tube and 35.8% in the half width sinusoidal tube.

The weak decays of the axial-vector tetraquark Tbb;u¯d¯− to the scalar state Zbc;u¯d¯0 are investigated using the QCD three-point sum rule approach. In order to explore the process Tbb;u¯d¯−→Zbc;u¯d¯0lνl¯, we recalculate the spectroscopic parameters of the tetraquark Tbb;u¯d¯− and find the mass and coupling of the scalar four-quark system Zbc;u¯d¯0, which are important ingredients of calculations. The spectroscopic parameters of these tetraquarks are computed in the framework of the QCD two-point sum rule method by taking into account various condensates up to dimension ten. The mass of the Tbb;u¯d¯− state is found to be m=(10035±260) MeV, which demonstrates that it is stable against the strong and electromagnetic decays. The full width Γ and mean lifetime τ of Tbb;u¯d¯− are evaluated using its semileptonic decay channels Tbb;u¯d¯−→Zbc;u¯d¯0lνl¯, l=e, μ, and τ. The obtained results, Γ=(7.17±1.23)×10−8 MeV and τ=9.18−1.34+1.90 fs, can be useful for experimental investigations of the doubly-heavy tetraquarks.

This study analyzes the pool-riffle sequences of the lower Alaknanda River within the context of mountain meandering river. It is based on the 1/50000 topographical map, CARTOSEAT1 image and field investigation. The data for 8 pools and 18 riffle of 11.5 km channel length are tabulated. The main controlling variables considered for the study are width, depth, spacing, bank full width, length and tectonic setting. The average depth of the pool is 7.75 m. The average width of the pool is 54 m while the average bank full width is 120 m. The average width and depth ratio of the pool is 7.74 which vary from 4 to 12.5. The average spacing of the pool is calculated about 1.4 km. The channel width at riffle is significantly greater than that at the pool. The trend of the regression line shows that there is a negative correlation between depth and width variables and bank full width. The results of the investigation show that the pools and riffles are controlled by longitudinal and transverse tectonic features and gradient of the river.

A granular applicator is a device that applies pesticides in a solid form. This may be either a dry granule, micro granule or pellet. The device consists of a hopper, metering and distribution system which spreads the granules in a band or broadcast manner. A granular spreader may be configured differently depending upon the distribution system and on the size and quantity of hoppers as well as the number of outlets and the drive type. The hopper size is normally between 30 l and 150 l. The working width can be as much as 24 metres. The spreader may be positioned in either the front or rear of a vehicle or several may be positioned on an implement. In Europe all machines used for the application of pesticides must be inspected because of the European Union Sustainable Use Directive (2009/128/EC). Proposals to include test methods in European standards are under study. Practical experience with band applicators and full width applicators has been developed, and respective requirements of the inspected machine, as used in the United Kingdom along with test equipment required, are deliverables to be shared. 2000 tests per year are carried out in the United Kingdom. It is envisaged that an ISO standard could evolve from the findings. This could be included in the EN ISO 16122 suite of standards.