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9. Dietary protein intake does not modulate daily myofibrillar protein synthesis rates or loss of muscle mass and function during short-term immobilization in young men: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Kilroe, S.P., Kilroe, S.P., Fulford, J., Jackman, S., Holwerda, A., Gijsen, A., van Loon, L., Wall, B.T., Kilroe, S.P., Kilroe, S.P., Fulford, J., Jackman, S., Holwerda, A., Gijsen, A., van Loon, L., and Wall, B.T.

Abstract

Background: Short-term (Objectives: To assess the influence of graded dietary protein intakes on daily MyoPS rates and the loss of muscle mass during 3 d of disuse.Methods: Thirty-three healthy young men (aged 22 +/- 1 y; BMI = 23 +/- 1 kg/m(2)) initially consumed the same standardized diet for 5 d. providing 1.6 g protein/kg body mass/d. Thereafter, participants underwent a 3-d period of unilateral leg immobilization during which they were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 eucaloric diets containing relatively high, low, or no protein (HIGH: 1.6. LOW: 0.5, NO: 0.15 g protein/kg/d; n = 11 per group). One day prior to immobilization participants ingested 400 mL deuterated water (D2O) with 50-mL doses consumed daily thereafter. Prior to and immediately after immobilization upper leg bilateral MRI scans and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed to measure quadriceps muscle volume and daily MyoPS rates, respectively.Results: Quadriceps muscle volume of the control legs remained unchanged throughout the experiment (P > 0.05). Immobilization led to 2.3 +/- 0.4%, 2.7 +/- 0.2%, and 2.0 +/- 0.4% decreases in quadriceps muscle volume (P < 0.05) of the immobilized leg in the HIGH. LOW, and NO groups (P < 0.05), respectively, with no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05). D2O ingestion resulted in comparable plasma free [H-2]-alanine enrichments during immobilization (similar to 1.5 mole percentage excess) across groups (P > 0.05). Daily MyoPS rates during immobilization were 30 +/- 2% (HIGH), 26 +/- 3% (LOW), and 27 +/- 2% (NO) lower in the immobilized compared with the control leg, with no significant differences between groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Three days of muscle disuse induces considerable declines in muscle mass and daily MyoPS rates. However, daily protein intake does not modulate any of these muscle deconditioning responses.

Published
2021

18. Contralateral fatigue during severe-intensity single-leg exercise: Influence of acute acetaminophen ingestion

Author

Morgan, PT, Bailey, SJ, Banks, RA, Fulford, J, Vanhatalo, A, Jones, AM, Morgan, PT, Bailey, SJ, Banks, RA, Fulford, J, Vanhatalo, A, and Jones, AM

Abstract

Exhaustive single-leg exercise has been suggested to reduce time to task failure (Tlim) during subsequent exercise in the contralateral leg by exacerbating central fatigue development. We investigated the influence of acetaminophen (ACT), an analgesic that may blunt central fatigue development, on Tlim during single-leg exercise completed with and without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Four-teen recreationally active men performed single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise to Tlim on the left (Leg1) and right (Leg2) legs without prior contralateral fatigue and on Leg2 immediately following Leg1 (Leg2-CONTRA). The tests were completed following ingestion of 1-g ACT or maltodextrin [placebo (PL)] capsules. Intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates and muscle activation were assessed using31P-MRS and electromyography, respectively. Tlim was not different between Leg1ACT and Leg1PL conditions (402 ± 101 vs. 390 ± 106 s, P = 0.11). There was also no difference in Tlim between Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA (324 ± 85 vs. 311 ± 92 s, P = 0.10), but Tlim was shorter in Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA than in Leg2CON (385 ± 104 s, both P < 0.05). There were no differences in intramuscular phosphorus-containing metabolites and substrates or muscle activation between Leg1ACT and Leg1PL and between Leg2ACT-CONTRA and Leg2PL-CONTRA (all P > 0.05). These findings suggest that levels of metabolic perturbation and muscle activation at Tlim are not different during single-leg severe-intensity knee-extensor exercise completed with or without prior fatiguing exercise of the contralateral leg. Despite contralateral fa-tigue, ACT ingestion did not alter neuromuscular responses, muscle metabolites, or exercise performance.

Published
2019

19. Analysis of rocket beacon transmissions for computerized reconstruction of ionospheric densities

Author

Bernhardt, P. A, Huba, J. D, Chaturvedi, P. K, Fulford, J. A, Forsyth, P. A, Anderson, D. N, and Zalesak, S. T

Subjects
Communications And Radar
Abstract

Three methods are described to obtain ionospheric electron densities from transionospheric, rocket-beacon TEC data. First, when the line-of-sight from a ground receiver to the rocket beacon is tangent to the flight trajectory, the electron concentration can be obtained by differentiating the TEC with respect to the distance to the rocket. A similar method may be used to obtain the electron-density profile if the layer is horizontally stratified. Second, TEC data obtained during chemical release experiments may be interpreted with the aid of physical models of the disturbed ionosphere to yield spatial maps of the modified regions. Third, computerized tomography (CT) can be used to analyze TEC data obtained along a chain of ground-based receivers aligned along the plane of the rocket trajectory. CT analysis of TEC data is used to reconstruct a 2D image of a simulated equatorial plume. TEC data is computed for a linear chain of nine receivers with adjacent spacings of either 100 or 200 km. The simulation data are analyzed to provide an F region reconstruction on a grid with 15 x 15 km pixels. Ionospheric rocket tomography may also be applied to rocket-assisted measurements of amplitude and phase scintillations and airglow intensities.

Published
1993

20. Short duration small sided football and to a lesser extent whole body vibration exercise induce acute changes in markers of bone turnover

Author

Bowtell, Joanna L., Jackman, Sarah R, Scott, Suzanne, Connolly, Luke J., Mohr, Magni, Ermidis, Giorgos, Julian, R, Yousefian, F, Helge, Eva Wulff, Jørgensen, Niclas Rye, Fulford, J, Knapp, Karen M., Krustrup, P, Bowtell, Joanna L., Jackman, Sarah R, Scott, Suzanne, Connolly, Luke J., Mohr, Magni, Ermidis, Giorgos, Julian, R, Yousefian, F, Helge, Eva Wulff, Jørgensen, Niclas Rye, Fulford, J, Knapp, Karen M., and Krustrup, P

Abstract

We aimed to study whether short-duration vibration exercise or football sessions of two different durations acutely changed plasma markers of bone turnover and muscle strain. Inactive premenopausal women (n = 56) were randomized to complete a single bout of short (FG15) or long duration (FG60) small sided football or low magnitude whole body vibration training (VIB). Procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) was increased during exercise for FG15 (51.6 ± 23.0 to 56.5 ± 22.5 μg·L(-1), mean ± SD, P < 0.05) and FG60 (42.6 ± 11.8 to 50.2 ± 12.8 μg·L(-1), P < 0.05) but not for VIB (38.8 ± 15.1 to 36.6 ± 14.7 μg·L(-1), P > 0.05). An increase in osteocalcin was observed 48 h after exercise (P < 0.05), which did not differ between exercise groups. C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen was not affected by exercise. Blood lactate concentration increased during exercise for FG15 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.4 ± 1.2 mM) and FG60 (0.6 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 2.0 mM), but not for VIB (0.6 ± 0.2 to 0.8 ± 0.4 mM) (P < 0.05). Plasma creatine kinase increased by 55 ± 63% and 137 ± 119% 48 h after FG15 and FG60 (P < 0.05), but not after VIB (26 ± 54%, NS). In contrast to the minor elevation in osteocalcin in response to a single session of vibration exercise, both short and longer durations of small sided football acutely increased plasma P1NP, osteocalcin, and creatine kinase. This may contribute to favorable effects of chronic training on musculoskeletal health.

Published
2016

22. Short Duration Small Sided Football and to a Lesser Extent Whole Body Vibration Exercise Induce Acute Changes in Markers of Bone Turnover

Author

Bowtell, J. L., primary, Jackman, S. R., additional, Scott, S., additional, Connolly, L. J., additional, Mohr, M., additional, Ermidis, G., additional, Julian, R., additional, Yousefian, F., additional, Helge, E. W., additional, Jørgensen, N. R., additional, Fulford, J., additional, Knapp, K. M., additional, and Krustrup, P., additional

Published
2016
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23. OSTEOKINEMATIC CONTRIBUTION OF GLENOHUMERAL AND SCAPULOTHORACIC ARTICULATIONS FOR FUNCTIONAL SHOULDER INTERNAL ROTATION IN NORMAL SUBJECTS

Author

Sulzle, H, Arciga, P, Carroll, C, Dye, J, Fulford, J, Sitanggang, D, and Woolever, C

Subjects
Shoulder joint -- Range of motion, Physical therapy -- Research, Scapula -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study determined shoulder internal rotation range of motion in a functional position differentiating between motion occurring at the glenohumeral joint and combined motions at the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints in normal subjects. SUBJECTS: Our sample included 56 subjects (31 males, 25 females) between the ages of 18 and 60 years, who were free of prior or present shoulder and neck pathologies. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two measurements of shoulder internal rotation were taken with the subjects supine and the arm 30 [degrees] anterior to the frontal plane with 45 [degrees] of abduction (functional position), using a standard goniometer. One measurement was made with the scapula stabilized using an adjustable clamp to hold the scapula. The other measurement was taken with the scapula unstabilized without a clamp. End range of internal rotation was determined using a pressure reading of a sphygmomanometer on the forearm. The distance between the coracoid process of the scapula and the table using a double square was also determined. ANALYSIS: Shoulder internal rotation ROM with the scapula stabilized and unstabilized was compared using a paired t-test. The relationship between shoulder internal rotation ROM and the distance of the coracoid process of the scapula and the table was assessed using a correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The mean ROM with the scapula stabilized (mean=73.0 [degrees], SD=8.4 [degrees]) was significantly (p [is less than] 0.001) lower than with the scapula unstabilized (mean=79.9 [degrees], SD=8.6 [degrees]). Shoulder internal rotation ROM normative values with the scapula stabilized were also lower (range=56.2 [degrees]-89.8 [degrees]) than when the scapula was unstabilized (range=62.7 [degrees]-97.1 [degrees]). There was a significant correlation between the distance from the coracoid process of the scapula and the table and shoulder internal rotation ROM with the scapula unstabilized (r=-0.56, p [is less than] 0.001) and with the scapula stabilized (r=-0.31, p=0.01) for the total group. CONCLUSION: This study determined a normal range for shoulder internal rotation ROM with the scapula stabilized and unstabilized, and included a detailed procedure for how it was performed. This study also suggested that with an increased distance between the coracoid process of the scapula and the table there is a decrease in shoulder internal rotation ROM., Sulzle H, Arciga P, Carroll C, Dye J, Fulford J, Sitanggang D, Woolever C. School of Allied Health Professions, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, [...]

Published
2001

25. These abstracts have been selected for VIEWING only as ePosters and in print. ePosters will be available on Screen A & B throughout the meeting, Print Posters at the times indicated below. Please refer to the PROGRAM for more details.

Author

Secchi, F., primary, Cannao, P., additional, Pluchinotta, F., additional, Butera, G., additional, Carminati, M., additional, Sardanelli, F., additional, Lombardi, M., additional, Monney, P., additional, Piccini, D., additional, Rutz, T., additional, Vincenti, G., additional, Coppo, S., additional, Koestner, S., additional, Stuber, M., additional, Schwitter, J., additional, Romana, P., additional, Francesco, S., additional, Gianfranco, B., additional, Mario, C., additional, Massimo, L., additional, Alizadeh Sani, Z., additional, Vojdan-Parast, M., additional, Alimohammadi, M., additional, Sarafan-Sadeghi, S., additional, Seifi, A., additional, Fallahabadi, H., additional, Karami Tanha, F., additional, Jamshidi, M., additional, Hesamy, M., additional, Bonello, B., additional, Sorensen, C., additional, Fouilloux, V., additional, Gorincour, G., additional, Mace, L., additional, Fraisse, A., additional, Jacquier, A., additional, de Meester, C., additional, Amzulescu, M., additional, Bouzin, C., additional, Boileau, L., additional, Melchior, J., additional, Boulif, J., additional, Lazam, S., additional, Pasquet, A., additional, Vancrayenest, D., additional, Vanoverschelde, J., additional, Gerber, B., additional, Loudon, M., additional, Bull, S., additional, Bissell, M., additional, Joseph, J., additional, Neubauer, S., additional, Myerson, S., additional, Dorniak, K., additional, Hellmann, M., additional, Rawicz-Zegrzda, D., additional, W sierska, M., additional, Sabisz, A., additional, Szurowska, E., additional, Heiberg, E., additional, Dudziak, M., additional, Kwok, T., additional, Chin, C., additional, Dweck, M., additional, Hadamitzky, M., additional, Nadjiri, J., additional, Hendrich, E., additional, Pankalla, C., additional, Will, A., additional, Schunkert, H., additional, Martinoff, S., additional, Sonne, C., additional, Pepe, A., additional, Meloni, A., additional, Terrazzino, F., additional, Spasiano, A., additional, Filosa, A., additional, Bitti, P., additional, Tangari, C., additional, Restaino, G., additional, Resta, M., additional, Ricchi, P., additional, Tudisca, C., additional, Grassedonio, E., additional, Positano, V., additional, Piraino, B., additional, Romano, N., additional, Keilberg, P., additional, Midiri, M., additional, Macchi, S., additional, Ambrosio, D., additional, De Marchi, D., additional, Chiodi, E., additional, Salvatori, C., additional, Artang, R., additional, Bogachkov, A., additional, Botelho, M., additional, Bou-Ayache, J., additional, Vazquez, M., additional, Carr, J., additional, Collins, J., additional, Maret, E., additional, Ahlander, B., additional, Bjorklund, P., additional, Engvall, J., additional, Cimermancic, R., additional, Inage, A., additional, Mizuno, N., additional, Santarelli, M., additional, Izzi, G., additional, Maddaloni, D., additional, Landini, L., additional, Carulli, G., additional, Oliva, E., additional, Arcioni, F., additional, Fraticelli, V., additional, Toia, P., additional, Renne, S., additional, Rizzo, M., additional, Reinstadler, S., additional, Klug, G., additional, Feistritzer, H., additional, Aschauer, A., additional, Schocke, M., additional, Franz, W., additional, Metzler, B., additional, Melonil, A., additional, Positanol, V., additional, Roccamo, G., additional, Argento, C., additional, Benni, M., additional, De Marchil, D., additional, Missere, M., additional, Prezios, P., additional, Salvatoril, C., additional, Pepel, A., additional, Rossi, G., additional, Cirotto, C., additional, Filati, G., additional, Preziosi, P., additional, Mongeon, F., additional, Fischer, K., additional, Teixeira, T., additional, Friedrich, M., additional, Marcotte, F., additional, Zenge, M., additional, Schmidt, M., additional, Nadar, M., additional, Chevre, P., additional, Rohner, C., additional, Mouratoglou, S., additional, Kallifatidis, A., additional, Giannakoulas, G., additional, Grapsa, J., additional, Kamperidis, V., additional, Pitsiou, G., additional, Stanopoulos, I., additional, Hadjimiltiades, S., additional, Karvounis, H., additional, Ahmed, N., additional, Lawton, C., additional, Ghosh Dastidar, A., additional, Frontera, A., additional, Jackson, A., additional, Cripps, T., additional, Diab, I., additional, Duncan, E., additional, Thomas, G., additional, Bucciarelli-Ducci, C., additional, Kannoly, S., additional, Gosling, O., additional, Ninan, T., additional, Fulford, J., additional, Dalrymple-Haym, M., additional, Shore, A., additional, Bellenger, N., additional, Alegret, J., additional, Beltran, R., additional, Martin, M., additional, Mendoza, M., additional, Elisabetta, C., additional, Teresa, C., additional, Zairo, F., additional, Marcello, N., additional, Clorinda, M., additional, Bruna, M., additional, Vincenzo, P., additional, Alessia, P., additional, Giorgio, B., additional, Mair, J., additional, Kremser, C., additional, Aschauer, S., additional, Tufaro, C., additional, Kammerlander, A., additional, Pfaffenberger, S., additional, Marzluf, B., additional, Bonderman, D., additional, Mascherbauer, J., additional, Kliegel, A., additional, Sailer, A., additional, Brustbauer, R., additional, Sedivy, R., additional, Mayr, H., additional, Manessi, M., additional, Castelvecchio, S., additional, Votta, E., additional, Stevanella, M., additional, Menicanti, L., additional, Secchi, F., additional, Redaelli, A., additional, Reiter, U., additional, Reiter, G., additional, Kovacs, G., additional, Greiser, A., additional, Olschewski, H., additional, Fuchsjager, M., additional, Babayev, J., additional, Mlynarski, R., additional, Mlynarska, A., additional, Sosnowski, M., additional, Pontone, G., additional, Bertella, E., additional, Petulla, M., additional, Russo, E., additional, Innocenti, E., additional, Baggiano, A., additional, Mushtaq, S., additional, Gripari, P., additional, Andreini, D., additional, Tondo, C., additional, Nyktari, E., additional, Izgi, C., additional, Haidar, S., additional, Wage, R., additional, Keegan, J., additional, Wong, T., additional, Mohiaddin, R., additional, Durante, A., additional, Rimoldi, O., additional, Laforgia, P., additional, Gianni, U., additional, Benedetti, G., additional, Cava, M., additional, Damascelli, A., additional, Laricchia, A., additional, Ancona, M., additional, Aurelio, A., additional, Pizzetti, G., additional, Esposito, A., additional, Margonato, A., additional, Colombo, A., additional, De Cobelli, F., additional, Camici, P., additional, Zvaigzne, L., additional, Sergejenko, S., additional, Kal js, O., additional, Ripley, D., additional, Swarbrick, D., additional, Hossain, E., additional, Chawner, R., additional, Moore, J., additional, Aquaro, G., additional, Barison, A., additional, Masci, P., additional, Todiere, G., additional, Strata, E., additional, Di Bella, G., additional, Monasterio, F., additional, Levelt, E., additional, Mahmod, M., additional, Ntusi, N., additional, Ariga, R., additional, Upton, R., additional, Piechnick, S., additional, Francis, J., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Stoll, V., additional, Davis, A., additional, Karamitsos, T., additional, Leeson, P., additional, Holloway, C., additional, Clarke, K., additional, Karwat, K., additional, Tomala, M., additional, Miszalski-Jamka, K., additional, Mrozi ska, S., additional, Kowalczyk, M., additional, Mazur, W., additional, Kereiakes, D., additional, Nessler, J., additional, Zmudka, K., additional, Ja wiec, P., additional, Miszalski-Jamka, T., additional, Ben Yaacoub-Kzadri, I., additional, Harguem, S., additional, Bennaceur, R., additional, Ganzoui, I., additional, Ben Miled, A., additional, Mnif, N., additional, Rodriguez Palomares, J., additional, Ortiz, J., additional, Tejedor, P., additional, Lee, D., additional, Wu, E., additional, Bonow, R., additional, Khanji, M., additional, Castiello, T., additional, Westwood, M., additional, Petersen, S., additional, Storti, S., additional, Quota, A., additional, Smacchia, M., additional, Paci, C., additional, Vallone, A., additional, Valeri, G., additional, keilberg, P., additional, Gargani, L., additional, Guiducci, S., additional, Pugliese, N., additional, Pingitore, A., additional, Cole, B., additional, Douglas, H., additional, Rodden, S., additional, Horan, P., additional, Harbinson, M., additional, Johnston, N., additional, Dixon, L., additional, Choudhary, P., additional, Hsu, C., additional, Grieve, S., additional, Semsarian, C., additional, Richmond, D., additional, Celermajer, D., additional, Puranik, R., additional, Hinojar Baydes, R., additional, Varma, N., additional, Goodman, B., additional, Khan, S., additional, Arroyo Ucar, E., additional, Dabir, D., additional, Schaeffter, T., additional, Nagel, E., additional, Puntmann, V., additional, Hinojar, R., additional, Ucar, E., additional, Ngah, N., additional, Kuo, N., additional, D'Cruz, D., additional, Gaddum, N., additional, Foote, L., additional, Schnackenburg, B., additional, Higgins, D., additional, Nucifora, G., additional, Muser, D., additional, Morocutti, G., additional, Gianfagna, P., additional, Zanuttini, D., additional, Piccoli, G., additional, Proclemer, A., additional, Prati, G., additional, Vitrella, G., additional, Allocca, G., additional, Buttignoni, S., additional, Delise, P., additional, Sinagra, G., additional, Silva, G., additional, Almeida, A., additional, David, C., additional, Francisco, A., additional, Magalhaes, A., additional, Placido, R., additional, Menezes, M., additional, Guimaraes, T., additional, Mendes, A., additional, Nunes Diogo, A., additional, Aneq, M., additional, Papavassiliu, T., additional, Sandberg, R., additional, Schimpf, R., additional, Schoenberg, S., additional, Borggrefe, M., additional, Doesch, C., additional, Tamin, S., additional, Tan, L., additional, Joshi, S., additional, Memon, S., additional, Tangcharoen, T., additional, Prasertkulchai, W., additional, Yamwong, S., additional, Sritara, P., additional, Binti Ngah, N., additional, Cruz, D., additional, Rebellato, L., additional, Daleffe, E., additional, Facchin, D., additional, Melao, F., additional, Paiva, M., additional, Pinho, T., additional, Martins, E., additional, Vasconcelos, M., additional, Madureira, A., additional, Macedo, F., additional, Ramos, I., additional, Maciel, M., additional, Agoston-Coldea, L., additional, Marjanovic, Z., additional, Hadj Khelifa, S., additional, Kachenoura, N., additional, Lupu, S., additional, Soulat, G., additional, Farge-Bancel, D., additional, Mousseaux, E., additional, Dastidar, A., additional, Augustine, D., additional, McAlindon, E., additional, Leite, S., additional, Sousa, C., additional, Rangel, I., additional, El ghannudi, S., additional, Lefoulon, A., additional, Noel, E., additional, Germain, P., additional, Doutreleau, S., additional, Jeung, M., additional, Gangi, A., additional, Roy, C., additional, Pisciella, L., additional, Zachara, E., additional, Federica, R., additional, Emdin, M., additional, Baydes, R., additional, Mahmoud, I., additional, and Jackson, T., additional

Published
2014
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29. Rumen Bacterial Diversity Dynamics Associated with Changing from Bermudagrass Hay to Grazed Winter Wheat Diets

Author

Pitta, Dipti W., primary, Pinchak, William E., additional, Dowd, Scott E., additional, Osterstock, Jason, additional, Gontcharova, Viktoria, additional, Youn, Eunseog, additional, Dorton, Kristy, additional, Yoon, Ilkyu, additional, Min, Byeng R., additional, Fulford, J. D., additional, Wickersham, Tryon A., additional, and Malinowski, Dariusz P., additional

Published
2009
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31. Ionospheric electron-content measurements during the second space-plasma negative-ion experiment (SPINEX-2)

Author

Fulford, J. A, Macdougall, J. W, Forsyth, P. A, Mendillo, M, and Bernhardt, P. A

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The second space-plasma negative-ion experiment (SPINEX-2), a chemical-release active experiment to investigate negative-ion effects in the ionospheric F region, is described by Mendillo et al. (1982). This paper describes the electron-content measurements in somewhat more detail than would be appropriate there. The circumstances of the experiment, particularly the use of a vehicle with a very high spin rate, presented some unusual challenges during interpretation of the electron-content data. These are described. The resulting profiles show clearly that the chemical release caused a very significant 'hole' in the ionosphere. Under certain fairly realistic assumptions, the actual number of free electrons removed from the region of the peak of the ionospheric F layer is estimated to be about 4 x 10 to the 25th. The same assumptions lead to a simple radial distribution of the depleted region about the rocket trajectory in the neighborhood of the release.

Published
1987

32. The Reliability of 31P-MRS and NIRS Measurements of Spinal Muscle Function.

Author

Fulford, J., Liepa, A., Barker, A. R., and Meakin, J.

Subjects
*MUSCLE physiology, *ANALYSIS of variance, *STATISTICAL correlation, *NEAR infrared spectroscopy, *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, *RESEARCH funding, *SPINE, *STATISTICS, *INTER-observer reliability, *REPEATED measures design, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

While phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provide methods for measuring spinal muscle function non-invasively, their reliability is not established. The aim of this study was assess the reliability (ICC) and error magnitude (CV %) of measurements of muscle phosphocreatine (PCr), tissue oxygenation index (TOI) and muscle deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) acquired during fatigue and in recovery after 24 s of exercise in the lumbar muscles. 10 healthy participants (19–25 years, 5 male, 5 female) performed exercise that involved holding the upper body unsupported in slight extension until fatigue and then, after 30 min of rest, for repeated bursts of 24 s. ICCs indicated good to excellent reliability of baseline measures (TOI: 0.75) and of amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 0.73, TOI: 0.69, HHb: 0.80) and recovery (HHb: 0.96), and poor to fair reliability for time constants describing rates of change during fatigue (PCr: 0.11) and recovery (PCr: 0.31, HHb: 0.47). CV % indicated varying relative measurement error across baseline measures (TOI: 5 %), amplitude changes during fatigue (PCr: 7 %, TOI: 38 %, HHb: 31 %) and recovery (HHb: 31 %), and in time constants for fatigue (PCr: 39 %) and recovery (PCr: 20 %, HHb: 37 %). The results suggested that reliability would be sufficient for future studies on spinal muscle function, but that measurement error may be too large to evaluate individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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41. A Comparison of Measured Relative Transmission Loss with Model Predicted Transmission Loss in the Straits of Sicily

Author

NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Fulford, J. K., NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, and Fulford, J. K.

Abstract

A comparison of a measured data set with five different model predictions is presented. Three of the predictions use the Low Frequency Bottom Loss model for the area, one prediction uses a geoacoustic model, and one (pure cylindrical spreading) assumes no bottom loss. All five predictions agree with the measured data well, with root-mean-square error under 2.5 dB. The models using bottom loss follow the trend better than cylindrical spreading.

Published
1992

42. Advanced Development Active Model: A Users Guide

Author

NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Fulford, J. K., NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, and Fulford, J. K.

Abstract

The Naval Oceanographic and Atmospheric Research Laboratory has developed a numeric model for the prediction of boundary and volume reverberation in shallow-water environments for midfrequency regimes. The model's theoretic foundation is that of the (Naval Research Laboratory) Range Dependent Active System Performance Model. While retaining the theoretic foundation of the NRL model, it was necessary to introduce new algorithms for the computation of the acoustic ray trajectories, and the calculation of the elemental scattering areas used in the prediction of boundary reverberation. The changes were required to implement range-dependent bistatic reverberation and to account for the possibility of strong sound speed gradients in the upper regions of the water column. This technical note serves as a users guide for the Advanced Development Active Model. While the model usually performs without major malfunctions, users should remember that this model is a research and development model.

Published
1992

43. Shallow Water RASP Upgrade

Author

NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, Fulford, J. K., NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC AND ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS, and Fulford, J. K.

Abstract

The Range Dependent Active System Performance model (RASP) has been modified to function at higher frequencies in shallower water than its initial design specification. The major difficulties in the original version of the model were the control of the cubic spline fitting routines to the sound speed points, extension of attenuation coefficients to higher frequencies and the need to interface to Navy standard data bases (or models) for bottom loss calculations. These two areas of difficulty were overcome using a front end sound speed fitting algorithm based on cubic splines under tension to control the oscillations in the spline fits in the model, and subroutines to allow input of standard bottom loss curves. The resulting modifications to the model created a model capable of predicting range dependent monostatic reverberation (with reasonable accuracy) at frequencies up to kHz. The modifications did not address the broader problem of bistatic range dependent reverberation at high frequencies (or in shallow water), or the problem of energy splitting loss on predicted target returns., SBI-AD-E040-061.

Published
1991

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