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5. Painting Amara West : the technology and experience of colour in New Kingdom Nubia

Author

Fulcher, Kate

Subjects
930
Abstract

This thesis presents an investigation of the paints used in domestic and funerary contexts in a pharaonic town in Nubia. Amara West was the seat of the Deputy of Kush, founded during the reign of Seti I, and inhabited up to the 8th century BC. The site retains evidence of painted house walls, paint in ceramic palettes, and raw pigments, as well as painted coffins in the cemeteries. The combination of freshly excavated material with secure archaeological contexts, and the ability to export samples, has allowed an in depth scientific analysis of the inorganic and organic components of the paints to be conducted. This is the first in depth study on the use of colour across an ancient Egyptian town site. The pigments identified mainly sit within the known Egyptian palettes, but three unusual pigments were found: a green earth, a blue earth, and ground bitumen. In addition, petrochemical analysis enabled the geographical source of the bitumen to be identified and molecular analysis detected a plant gum binder. The materials analysis has been combined with ethnoarchaeological interviews and a phenomenological study in order to consider the aims and activities of the people who made and used the paints at Amara West, and how these were influenced by and fit into the landscape and taskscape particular to this area. The situation of the site in Nubia provides the opportunity to consider the influence of a local non-Egyptian population on Egyptian technology and cultural choices. Pigments were chosen not just for their colour, but for the associations that were attached to the material, which may be related to its origin, the journey it has taken, the network of people involved in its procurement, or cultural determinations.

Published
2018

13. Metals and pigments at Amara West: Cross-craft perspectives on practices and provisioning in New Kingdom Nubia

Author

Spencer, Neal, Rademakers, Frederik, Lehmann, Manuela, Auenmueller, Johannes, Degryse, Patrick, Fulcher, Kate, Vanhaecke, Frank, Spencer, Neal [0000-0002-3443-2341], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Archeology, Nubia, Colonialism, Archaeometallurgy, Nubian archaeology
Abstract

This paper presents the results of elemental and lead isotopic analysis of copper alloys, copper-based pigments and an extremely rare tin-based alloy from the town of Amara West (Sudan), the centre for pharaonic control of occupied Upper Nubia between 1300 and 1070 BCE. It is the first assemblage of its kind to be analysed for Upper Nubia during this period. This research examines the selection and consumption of alloys in a colonial context, in light of earlier and contemporaneous practices and patterns in both Egypt and Nubia, to assess broader systems of resource management and metal production. Drawing on the complementary information obtained from pigment analysis, novel insights into interactions between different high-temperature crafts are obtained, particularly in terms of shared provisioning systems. From this unique perspective, pigment analysis is used for the first time to illuminate copper sources not reflected in metal assemblages, while scrap copper alloys are identified as a key colourant for Egyptian blue manufacture. The integrated application of strontium isotope analysis further highlights the potential for identifying links between glass, faience and Egyptian blue production systems within Egypt and for distinguishing these from other manufacturing regions such as Mesopotamia. The analysis of a tin artefact further expands our understanding of potential tin sources available during the New Kingdom and their role in shaping copper alloy compositions. Overall, this holistic approach to copper alloys and their application in other high-temperature industries ties together different strands of research, shaping a new understanding of New Kingdom technological practices, supply networks and material stocks circulating throughout the Nile Valley., Qatar Sudan Archaeological Project (Grant A.007, 2013–2019) Leverhulme Trust (grant F/00 052/C) AHRC Collaborative Doctoral Partnership Studentship AH/1350936/1

Published
2023

20. Review of Mrs Naunakhte and Family: The Women of Ramesside Deir el-Medina by Koenraad Donker van Heel.

Author

Fulcher, Kate

Subjects
EGYPTOLOGY, PAPYRUS manuscripts, NONFICTION
Abstract

This is the third book of this type published by Dr Donker van Heel. Each claims to be able to access the ordinary people of ancient Egypt via textual sources. This work is based on the ostraca and papyri from the New Kingdom village of Deir el-Medina. Whilst this work would have benefitted from the incorporation of more non-textual sources, the reviewer concludes that overall this is a thoughtful, yet pragmatic interpretation of texts, leading to interesting discussions on sometimes little considered topics. Mrs. Naunakhte and Family: The Women of Ramesside Deir al-Medina, by Koenraad Donker van Heel, Cairo; New York: The American University in Cairo Press, 264 pages (Hardbound). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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