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Several studies have been performed on the causes and characteristics of juvenile delinquents. However, since there are only a few studies on “recovery” from juvenile delinquency, the definition of recovery from delinquency differs depending on the study, and it is ambiguous on what basis recovery is judged. Therefore, in this study, we used a questionnaire survey to first examine how volunteer probation officers, who provide support to juvenile delinquents in the scene of rehabilitation, perceive recovery from delinquency. The results revealed that many volunteer probation officers considered employment, lifestyle habits, and human relationships to be indispensable in determining recovery (Study 1). Further, although employment is emphasized in support for recovery from delinquency, few studies have empirically demonstrated the relationship between recovery and employment. Therefore, we conducted an interview survey of volunteer probation officers to clarify the process by which juvenile delinquents work and continue employment, and we examined the usefulness of employment in recovery and the issues in employment support. Trajectory Equifinality Model analysis results show that employment alone does not lead to recovery and that recovery occurs through a circular process wherein employment stabilizes when work fosters improvements in lifestyle habits and human relationships (Study 2). Therefore, it is suggested that in support for recovery, both support for employment and support for improving lifestyle habits and human relationships are important.

Juvenile delinquents are considered to experience problems in their career development because of their low awareness of careers and roles due to their lack of school education. In this study, we clarified that juveniles with problem behavior, such as delinquency, are immature in their career development and identified factors that affect their problem behavior. In this study, “career resilience,” “goal-directedness,” and “career-planning ability” were considered as index factors for career development. We hypothesized that carrier resilience, goal-directedness, and career-planning ability have a negative effect on problem behavior. A total of 350 junior high school students completed a questionnaire survey and their data were analyzed. A multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) was performed using career resilience, goal-directedness, and career-planning ability as independent variables and tendency of problem behavior as dependent variables. Career planning had a significant negative effect. Among the career planning subscales, metacognition had a significantly negative impact. Considering these results, the ability to think objectively about one’s own career was found to suppress the problem behavior. In only men, in addition to career-planning ability, novelty and diversity in the subscales of career resilience, had a significant negative effect. Considering these results, the ability to accept new and different things about oneself suppressed the problem behavior. However, goal directivity was not possible to obtain the result of the negative effect on the problem behavior.

Several studies have been performed on the causes and characteristics of juvenile delinquents. However, since there are only a few studies on “recovery” from juvenile delinquency, the definition of recovery from delinquency differs depending on the study, and it is ambiguous on what basis recovery is judged. Therefore, in this study, we used a questionnaire survey to first examine how volunteer probation officers, who provide support to juvenile delinquents in the scene of rehabilitation, perceive recovery from delinquency. The results revealed that many volunteer probation officers considered employment, lifestyle habits, and human relationships to be indispensable in determining recovery (Study 1). Further, although employment is emphasized in support for recovery from delinquency, few studies have empirically demonstrated the relationship between recovery and employment. Therefore, we conducted an interview survey of volunteer probation officers to clarify the process by which juvenile delinquents work and continue employment, and we examined the usefulness of employment in recovery and the issues in employment support. Trajectory Equifinality Model analysis results show that employment alone does not lead to recovery and that recovery occurs through a circular process wherein employment stabilizes when work fosters improvements in lifestyle habits and human relationships (Study 2). Therefore, it is suggested that in support for recovery, both support for employment and support for improving lifestyle habits and human relationships are important.

Juvenile delinquents are considered to experience problems in their career development because of their low awareness of careers and roles due to their lack of school education. In this study, we clarified that juveniles with problem behavior, such as delinquency, are immature in their career development and identified factors that affect their problem behavior. In this study, “career resilience,” “goal-directedness,” and “career-planning ability” were considered as index factors for career development. We hypothesized that carrier resilience, goal-directedness, and career-planning ability have a negative effect on problem behavior. A total of 350 junior high school students completed a questionnaire survey and their data were analyzed. A multiple regression analysis (stepwise method) was performed using career resilience, goal-directedness, and career-planning ability as independent variables and tendency of problem behavior as dependent variables. Career planning had a significant negative effect. Among the career planning subscales, metacognition had a significantly negative impact. Considering these results, the ability to think objectively about one’s own career was found to suppress the problem behavior. In only men, in addition to career-planning ability, novelty and diversity in the subscales of career resilience, had a significant negative effect. Considering these results, the ability to accept new and different things about oneself suppressed the problem behavior. However, goal directivity was not possible to obtain the result of the negative effect on the problem behavior.