Search

Actualmente, se ha producido un gran desarrollo tecnológico y el uso de internet entre los jóvenes está ampliamente presente. Si bien el uso adecuado de Internet puede tener consecuencias positivas en diferentes ámbitos, una utilización excesiva e incontrolada se ha asociado con numerosos resultados negativos. El objetivo de este estudio es estudiar la prevalencia del uso problemático de internet (UPI) en estudiantes universitarios hondureños e identificar variables sociodemográficas y de personalidad asociadas al UPI. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 791 estudiantes universitarios. Se han realizado análisis descriptivos, correlaciones y comparativos. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto elevadas tasas de UPI en los estudiantes universitarios, mayor entre las mujeres, y que el UPI se asocia con un alto grado de neuroticismo y con bajos niveles de extraversión, cordialidad, responsabilidad, apertura a la experiencia y autoestima. En conclusión, este estudio ofrece información sobre factores relacionados con el UPI que pueden aumentar las posibilidades de una temprana detección e intervención., Currently, Internet use among young people is widely present for multiple fines. While proper use of the Internet can have positive consequences in different areas, excessive and uncontrolled use has been associated with numerous negative results. The objective of this study is to study the prevalence of problematic internet use (UPI) in Honduran university students and to identify sociodemographic and personality variables associated with UPI. The sample was made up of 791 university students. Descriptive,correlation and comparative analyzes have been carried out. The results show high rates of UPI in university students, higher among women, and that UPI is associated with a high degree of neuroticism and low levels of extraversion, cordiality, responsibility, openness to experience and self-esteem. In conclusion, this study provides insights into UPI-related factors that may increase the chances of early detection and intervention.

El presente trabajo de fin de grado gira en torno al debate sobre la despenalización de la droga que se ha desarrollado a lo largo de los años en España y que llega hasta la actualidad. Hemos estudiado la legislación española vigente, así como el derecho comparado, con especial referencia a las consecuencias sociales de cada una de las opciones legislativas. Resulta también de especial interés las doctrinas filosóficas que sirven como base a las distintas posturas en el debate, y por ello son también objeto de estudio de este trabajo. El objeto final de este estudio es matizar los distintos puntos de vista que existen sobre el consumo de sustancias y encontrar una solución acorde que no vulnere los derechos individuales., Grado en Derecho

In the last two decades, there has been a global movement towards pedagogies that create more inclusive school environments in order to meet the needs of diverse learners. One such approach is Universal Design for Learning (UDL), which foregrounds the design of flexible and accessible learning experiences for all, regardless of learner characteristics. Technology is a key enabler in this. To date, much of the research on UDL has focused on its impact in higher education, with less evidence available on the use of UDL within second-level education. This systematic literature review of n = 15 empirical studies selected from a wide-ranging search that returned an initial result of n = 1253 explores how the affordances of digital technology have been harnessed for UDL enactment at second level. The findings show that, to date, empirical research at second level has focused mostly on the easy wins within the UDL principle of Representation, where educators offer choice about how learners access content. However, there is a clear gap in UDL research on the use of technologies to support the Engagement and Action & Expression principles of UDL, supporting student self-regulation and self-assessment, and on technology-mediated communication and collaboration. The paper highlights the potential for future cross-pollination of research in educational technology with UDL. Practitioner Notes What is already known about this topic Universal Design for Learning has been extensively researched in higher education and special education contexts but much less so at K-12, in particular at second level. Technology offers many affordances that can provide choice and variation in the learning process, which can be harnessed in a UDL approach. The transformative potential of technology in educational contexts was not fully realised pre-COVID. The COVID pandemic saw an acceleration in technology adoption for learning, but it remains to be seen whether technology is being deployed to compl

La procrastinación es una conducta habitual entre los estudiantes de diferentes niveles académicos que se relaciona con numerosas consecuencias negativas. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estimar la fiabilidad de la Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) mediante un meta-análisis de generalización de la fiabilidad. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en cinco bases de datos y se revisaron las referencias del artículo original de validación de la APSSF. La estimación combinada de la fiabilidad de la prueba se realizó mediante un metanálisis de efectos aleatorios sobre 25 muestras independientes pertenecientes a 22 publicaciones. Los alfas de Cronbach se utilizaron como tamaño del efecto y se normalizaron sus distribuciones mediante la transformación de Bonett. La heterogeneidad fue evaluada a través de la Q de Cochran y el estadístico I2. El riesgo de sesgo de publicación se valoró mediante el gráfico de embudo y el test de regresión de Egger. La fiabilidad combinada estimada es de .89 (IC 95% = .87, .90). Los análisis de metaregresión y ANOVA muestran que la edad es un moderador estadísticamente significativo. No se observa riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Este trabajo muestra como la APS-SF es una herramienta fiable para la medición de la procrastinación académica, Procrastination is a common behavior among students of different academic levels that is related to numerous negative consequences. The objective of this study is to estimate the reliability of the Academic Procrastination Scale-Short Form (APS-SF) through a reliability generalization meta-analysis. A systematic search was performed in five databases and the references of the original APS-SF validation article were reviewed. The pooled estimate of test reliability was performed using a random effects meta-analysis of 25 independent samples from 22 publications. Cronbach's alphas were used as effect size and their distributions were normalized using the Bonett transformation. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's Q and the I2 statistic. Risk of publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's regression test. The pooled confidence estimate is .89 (95% CI = .87, .90). Meta regression and ANOVA analyses show that age is a statistically significant moderator. No risk of publication bias is observed. This work shows how the APS-SF is a reliable tool for measuring academic procrastination

Problematic smartphone use has been classified as a public health problem by the World Health Organization. The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between problematic smartphone use and self esteem. A bibliographic search was carried out using the PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus databases, recovering a total of 30 relevant studies with a total sample of 20,916 participants. The effect size obtained using a random effects model is significative and negative (Zr = -0.25), therefore, people with lower self-esteem have higher levels of problematic smartphone use. The meta-regression analysis showed that sex and age are not statistically significative moderating variables. The presence of publication bias is not appreciated. The limitations of the work are presented and their implications are discussed. There is no risk of publication bias. The limitations and practical implications of the work are presented., El uso problemático del smartphone ha sido catalogado como un problema de salud pública por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar la relación entre el uso problemático del smartphone y la autoestima. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PsycInfo, PubMed y Scopus recuperando un total de 30 estudios relevantes con una muestra total de 20916 participantes. El tamaño del efecto obtenido mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios es significativo y negativo (r = -.25; IC 95% = -.28, -.21), por lo que las personas que poseen una menor autoestima, presentan mayores niveles de uso problemático del smartphone. Los análisis de meta-regresión mostraron que el sexo y la edad no son variables moderadoras estadísticamente significativas. No se aprecia riesgo de sesgo de publicación. Se presentan las limitaciones y las implicaciones prácticas del trabajo.

The aim of this paper was to analyze the role that personality traits belonging to the Big Five and the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) have on aggressive driving. 318 undergraduate students with a driver's license completed a battery of tests assessing Big Five personality traits (TIPI), Dark Triad (DD) and aggressive driving (DAS and DAX). Hierarchical regressions analyses controlling for respondents' age and gender variables supported the predictive utility of the Big Five personality traits and the Dark Triad. Results showed that agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience predict various aspects of aggressive driving. Machiavellianism and narcissism are significant predictors of various forms of anger expression in driving after controlling for the effects of the Big Five personality traits., Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el papel que los factores de personalidad pertenecientes a los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura -maquiavelismo, narcisismo y psicopatía- tienen en la conducción agresiva. La muestra se compuso de 318 estudiantes universitarios con permiso de conducir, quienes contestaron a una batería de pruebas que evaluaba los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes (TIPI), la Tríada Oscura (DD) y la conducción agresiva (DAS y DAX). Los análisis de regresión jerárquica controlando las variables de edad y sexo, respaldan la utilidad predictiva de los factores de personalidad de los Cinco Grandes y la Tríada Oscura. Los resultados mostraron cómo la afabilidad, la estabilidad emocional y la apertura a la experiencia predicen de manera significativa diversos aspectos de la conducción agresiva. El maquiavelismo y el narcisismo son predictores significativos de diversas formas de expresión de la ira en la conducción, una vez controlados los efectos de los Cinco Grandes.

Problematic smartphone use has become a global problem with wide repercussions in mental health. The objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between problematic smartphone use and fear of missing out. A bibliographic search was carried out using the PsycInfo, Web of Science and PubMed databases, recovering a total of 32 articles that met the inclusion criteria with a total sample of 26077 participants. The effect size obtained using a random effects model is significant and positive (Zr = 0.47). The meta-regression analysis showed that sex and age are not statistically significative moderating variables. No evidence of publication bias was obtained. Those subjects who show higher scores of problematic smartphone use also have higher levels of fear of missing out. The limitations of the work are presented and their implications are discussed. The need to continue investigating the relationship between the two variables, especially through longitudinal studies is indicated., El uso problemático del smartphone se ha convertido en un problema de salud a nivel mundial con amplias repercusiones en la salud mental. El objetivo del presente meta-análisis es examinar la relación entre el uso problemático del smartphone y el fear of missing out. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PsycInfo, Web of Science y PubMed, recuperando un total de 32 artículos que cumplían los criterios de inclusión con una muestra total de 26.077 participantes. El tamaño del efecto obtenido mediante un modelo de efectos aleatorios es significativo y positivo (Zr = 0.47). Los análisis de meta-regresión mostraron que el sexo y la edad no son variables moderadoras estadísticamente significativas. No se obtuvieron evidencias de sesgo de publicación. Aquellos sujetos que muestran mayores puntuaciones de uso problemático del smartphone también presentan mayores niveles de fear of missing out. Se presentan las limitaciones del trabajo. Se señala la necesidad de continuar investigando la relación entre las dos variables, especialmente mediante estudios de tipo longitudinal.

Mn-promoted bulk iron catalysts with a high specific surface area (82–211 m2·g−1) were synthesized by coprecipitation followed by drying under supercritical conditions. The catalysts were tested in the CO2 hydrogenation to valuable C2-C5 hydrocarbons. The Mn-promoted iron catalysts exhibited better textural properties than the bare Fe2O3 catalyst, allowing better dispersion of the active phase, easier reduction and carburization of iron oxides and, consequently, resulting in higher catalytic activity than the bare Fe2O3 catalyst. The best activity results were obtained by catalyst promotion with a very low amount of Mn (Mn/Fe atomic ratio of 0.05). Upon steady state conditions (T = 340 °C, total pressure of 20 bar and H2/CO2 = 3), this catalyst exhibited high CO2 conversion (44.2%) and selectivity to C2-C4 hydrocarbons (68%, olefin to paraffin ratio of 0.54), while the selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons, CH4 and CO was about 3.2, 38.5 and 5%, respectively. A close correlation was found between catalyst textural properties and CO2 conversion. The most active MnFe-0.05 catalyst exhibited high stability during 72 h of reaction related to a low amount of soft coke formation and catalyst activation through the formation of the χ-Fe5C2 phase during the on-stream reaction.