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Aim: Although ameloblastoma is a benign tumor, its local invasiveness and recurrence rate are both high. Thus, the regulation of the invasiveness of ameloblastoma cells into the surrounding tissue is required to understand its pathogenesis. Ameloblastoma cells secrete several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, the factors inducing their secretion remain unclear. We previously suggested that interleukin (IL)‐1α derived from ameloblastoma cells triggers the production of inflammatory cytokines by stromal fibroblasts. In this study, we estimated whether IL‐1α affects the behavior of ameloblastoma cells. Methods: The gene expression of MMP‐9 was assessed by real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The secretion of MMP‐9 was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The motility of AM‐3 ameloblastoma and Raw264.7 （macrophage derived cells） cells and the invasiveness of AM‐3 cells were calculated using the Boyden chamber. The invasiveness of AM‐3 cells toward human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)‐2 fibroblasts were assessed using modified double‐layered collagen gel hemisphere (DL‐CGH). Results: The mRNA expression and secretion of MMP‐9 by AM‐3 ameloblastoma cells were significantly increased by IL‐1α stimulation. The motilities of AM‐3 and RAW264.7 macrophage derived cells and the invasiveness of AM‐3 cells were significantly enhanced by IL‐1α and suppressed by an IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra). The invasiveness of AM‐3 cells towards HFF‐2 fibroblasts in a DL‐CGH model was suppressed by a treatment with IL‐1Ra or an anti‐IL‐1α neutralizing antibody. Conclusion: IL‐1α itself or the IL‐1α‐dependent production of unidentified chemo attractants by stromal cells may be important for the local invasiveness of ameloblastoma cells, and IL‐1α might be a therapeutic target of the ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the wound healing process in a rat skin wound model dressed with a hexanoyl group‐modified alkaline‐treated gelatin porous (HxAlGltn) film with angiogenesis‐inducing and strong bioadhesive properties or a collagen sponge (CS). A circular 10‐mm full‐thickness skin defect was created on the backs of 8‐week‐old rats and then dressed with a HxAlGltn film (HxAlGltn group), collagen sponge (CS group), and no dressing (control group). Wound distances and areas were assessed macroscopically at specific time points after surgery, the lengths and thicknesses of the neo‐epithelium histologically, and α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), collagen type I, and fibronectin immunohistochemically. Wound distances and areas were significantly greater in the HxAlGltn group than in the CS and control groups. The expression of α‐SMA in myofibroblasts was significantly weaker in the HxAlGltn group than in the other groups on day 7. Furthermore, angiogenesis was prominent on days 4 and 7 in the HxAlGltn group. No significant differences were observed in the length of the neo‐epithelium between all groups, whereas the thickness of the neo‐epithelium was greater in the HxAlGltn group than in the CS group. The present results suggest the potential of the HxAlGltn film as a dressing material in the wound healing process of full‐thickness skin defects because it reduces scar contraction and promotes angiogenesis more than CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To visualize and quantitatively analyze facial surface asymmetry following primary cleft lip repair in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare this with noncleft controls. Design: Retrospective comparative study. Patients: Twenty-two patients with complete UCLP who underwent primary lip repair from 2009 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. The preserved 3-dimensional (3D) data of 23 healthy Japanese participants with the same age were used as controls. Interventions: All patients had received primary labioplasty in accordance with Cronin triangular flap method with orbicular oris muscle reconstruction. Main Outcome Measures: Shadow and zebra images established from moiré images, which were reconstructed from 3D facial data using stereophotogrammetry, were bisected and reversed by the symmetry axes (the middle line of the face). The discrepancies of the gravity and density between cleft and noncleft sides in 2 regions of interest, facial and lip areas, were then calculated and compared with those of healthy participants. Results: In the UCLP group, the mean discrepancies of gravity on shadow and zebra images were 1.76 ± 0.70 and 2.63 ± 1.72 pixels, respectively, in the facial area and 1.31 ± 0.36 and 3.83 ± 2.08 pixels, respectively, in the lip area. There was a significant difference in the mean discrepancies of gravity and density on zebra images in the lip area between the UCLP and control groups. Conclusions: Our image analysis of digital facial surface asymmetry in patients with UCLP provides visual and quantitative information, and it may contribute to improvements in muscle reconstruction on cleft lip repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To visualize and quantitatively analyze facial surface asymmetry following primary cleft lip repair in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and to compare this with noncleft controls., Design: Retrospective comparative study., Patients: Twenty-two patients with complete UCLP who underwent primary lip repair from 2009 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. The preserved 3-dimensional (3D) data of 23 healthy Japanese participants with the same age were used as controls., Interventions: All patients had received primary labioplasty in accordance with Cronin triangular flap method with orbicular oris muscle reconstruction., Main Outcome Measures: Shadow and zebra images established from moiré images, which were reconstructed from 3D facial data using stereophotogrammetry, were bisected and reversed by the symmetry axes (the middle line of the face). The discrepancies of the gravity and density between cleft and noncleft sides in 2 regions of interest, facial and lip areas, were then calculated and compared with those of healthy participants., Results: In the UCLP group, the mean discrepancies of gravity on shadow and zebra images were 1.76 ± 0.70 and 2.63 ± 1.72 pixels, respectively, in the facial area and 1.31 ± 0.36 and 3.83 ± 2.08 pixels, respectively, in the lip area. There was a significant difference in the mean discrepancies of gravity and density on zebra images in the lip area between the UCLP and control groups., Conclusions: Our image analysis of digital facial surface asymmetry in patients with UCLP provides visual and quantitative information, and it may contribute to improvements in muscle reconstruction on cleft lip repair.