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Background The cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) was initiated as a potential target for cancer treatment. This research was conducted to probe the effect of CREB1 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) and the molecules involved. Materials and methods CREB1 expression in GC tissues and cell lines (AGS and MKN-45) as well as that in normal tissues and in gastric mucosa cell line (GES-1) was detected. The correlation between CREB1 expression and prognosis of GC patients was determined. Artificial silencing of CREB1 was introduced to evaluate its effect on biological behaviors of GC cells. The target microRNA (miRNA) of CREB1 and the target mRNA of miR-186 were predicted and validated. Altered expression of miR-186, KRT8 and HIF-1α was introduced to confirm their functions in GC progression. Results CREB1 was abundantly expressed in GC tissues and cells and linked to dismal prognosis in patients. Silencing of CREB1 or upregulation of miR-186 suppressed the malignant behaviors such as growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion of GC cells, while artificial overexpression of KRT8 led to reversed trends. KRT8 was a target mRNA of miR-186, and CREB1 transcriptionally suppressed miR-186 expression to further up-regulate KRT8. KRT8 was also found to increase HIF-1α expression. Upregulation of HIF-1α was found to block the suppressing role of CREB1 silencing in GC cell malignancy. Conclusion This study evidenced that silencing of CREB1 inhibits growth, invasion, EMT and resistance to apoptosis of GC cells involving the upregulation of miR-186 and the following downregulation of KRT8 and HIF-1α.

The present study aimed to explore the effectiveness of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) and its effect on serum tumor-associated trypsin-2 (TAT-2) and Golgi protein 73 (GP73) expression levels to provide a reference for the treatment of EGC. TAT-2 is a proteolytic target enzyme for tumor-associated trypsin inhibitor that has been previously reported to enhance invasion by promoting extracellular matrix degradation. GP73 is a novel type II Golgi membrane protein of unknown function that is expressed in the hepatocytes of patients with adult giant-cell hepatitis. A total of 161 patients with EGC treated at our hospital from April 2013 to February 2014 were selected as the study subjects. Among these, 86 patients underwent ESD (group A) and the remaining 75 underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (group B). Treatment effectiveness, incidence of complications and adverse reactions, operation time, intraoperative blood loss and length of hospital stay, as well as serum TAT-2 and GP73 expression levels, were compared between the two groups. The treatment effectiveness was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P0.05). After treatment, serum TAT-2 expression levels decreased in both groups (P0.05). In conclusion, ESD had a good therapeutic effect on EGC and is able to decrease serum TAT-2 expression levels and increase serum GP73 expression levels. The present study was registered into the Chinese Trials Registry (registration no. NCT02157534).

According to Klein's classification system, the symptomatology of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG), a rare disease, differs based on the affected tissue layer. Patients with subserosal EG often have peritoneal effusion. Hemorrhagic ascites due to EG is extremely rare and has not been reported in the literature. Here, we report a 57-year-old woman with EG and massive hemorrhagic ascites. Laboratory investigations showed elevated peripheral eosinophils with significant eosinophilia (65.6%). Ultrasonography showed massive abdominal ascites. Abdominal paracentesis revealed hemorrhagic peritoneal fluid and microscopy showed predominant eosinophils. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed erosions, exudates, and mucosal rings in the duodenal mucosa; histological examination indicated eosinophilic infiltration. EG presenting with hemorrhagic ascites was diagnosed by histologic examination of eosinophilic infiltration. She was empirically treated with ketotifen 1 mg bid po with rapid resolution of ascites and a remarkable decline in peripheral eosinophil counts. Clinicians should consider the differential diagnosis of unexplained hemorrhagic ascites.

Petroleum industry is focusing on high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) reservoir. The major problem facing to HPHT reservoir is to generate enough bottomhole pressure without exceeding the limitations of equipment on the ground. In order to overcome these problems, weighted fracturing fluid system has been developed whose density can reach up to 1.50 g/cm3. This paper summarizes a study on formulating sodium bromide and sodium chloride as a combined weighted agent and a delayed crosslinked fracturing fluid system which is to cater the fluid and treatment guidelines for the fracturing application. Extensive studies were also conducted to determine temperature stability and anti-shear properties and gel broken.

Anodic oxidation of catechols 1a–e in the presence of 5-methyl-2-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole 2 has been studied in acetate buffer solution by cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis techniques. The effects of various electrolytic conditions (amount of passed charge, anodic materials, pH of the electrolytic solution, applied potential, and concentration of substrates) on the yield have also been investigated. The results showed that the position of the initial substituent of the starting catechol derivatives dominated the formation of monothiadiazol-2-ylthio-substituted or/and dithiadiazol-2-ylthio-substituted products. For 4-substituted catechols 1a–b, monothiadiazol-2-ylthio-substituted products (3a–b) were exclusively produced in high to excellent yields. However, in the cases of catechol itself (1c) and 3-substituted catechols (1d–e), both monothiadiazol-2-yl-substituted (3c–e and 5d–e) and dithiadiazol-2-ylthio-substituted products (4c–e) were isolated. In addition, the nature of the initial substituent of the starting 3-substituted catechols (1d and 1e) affected the relative ratio of the two monothiadiazol-2-ylthio-substituted isomers (3d–e vs 5d–e).

Electrochemical synthesis of o -benzoquinone derivatives and their in situ transformation are one of the versatile approaches for the synthesis of derivatized catechols. In the present work, electrochemical oxidation of catechols 1a – 1d in the presence of a unique nucleophile, 4-amino-3-methyl-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole 3 , bearing two nucleophilic groups (–NH 2 and –SH), have been studied in phosphate buffer solutions using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis (CPE) methods. The results show that only the mercapto group participated selectively in the Michael addition reaction and led to the formation of catechol substituted products of types 4 and 5 , bearing a free amino group, potentially useful for further chemical modifications, e.g. of interest in biomedical applications. Various electrolytic conditions, such as the nature of anode material, amount of passed charge, pH of the electrolytic solution and cell configuration (divided or undivided cell), were also investigated to optimize the yields of corresponding products.

The electrochemical synthesis of 5-purin-6′-ylthiocatechols was carried out by anodic oxidation of catechol derivatives 1a–1d in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine (2) in aqueous solution. Results of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis indicated that the starting catechols were first oxidized to the corresponding o-benzoquinone, which underwent further Michael addition with 6-mercaptopurine to produce titled products 3a–3d following an EC (E=electrochemical and C=chemical step) mechanism. Such work further demonstrates the versatility of the anodic oxidation of catechols and their in-situ transformation for the synthesis of derivatized catechols.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the stomach is uncommon, with an incidence of less than 1% worldwide. A synchronous cancer of squamous cell origin found in the esophagus and stomach is extremely rare among gastrointestinal cancers. A review of the English literature revealed only one published case. Here, we would like to report a case of SCC of esophagus and stomach from China.

Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) of the digestive tract is very rare and usually part of the generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease). Solitary PN of the stomach is extremely rare and has not been reported in the literatures. Here we present a case of solitary PN of the stomach, which was not associated with von Recklinghausen disease. A 38-year-old male presented abdominal pain and distention for 7 d. The patient underwent endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract, which revealed a 3.5 cm protruding and cauliflower-shaped mass with a shallow 1 cm central ulcer in the greater curvature of the stomach. The lesion was removed by laparoscopic surgery. Histological examination demonstrated characteristic histological findings of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, but negative for CD34, KI-67, CD117, and actin. Based on histological findings, gastrointestinal stromal tumor could be excluded, and thus the case was confirmed as PN. We described the clinical features, physical examination, endoscopic findings, and histopathological examination of this case.

An novel and convenient electrochemical approach was developed for the synthesis of indole derivatives from catechols and α-oxoheterocyclic ketene N,O-acetals. This method provides an environmentally benign access to fused indole derivatives containing active hydroxyls and carbonyl under mild reaction conditions.

The electrochemical synthesis of 5-purin-6′-ylthiocatechols was carried out by anodic oxidation of catechol derivatives 1a–1d in the presence of 6-mercaptopurine (2) in aqueous solution. Results of cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis indicated that the starting catechols were first oxidized to the corresponding o-benzoquinone, which underwent further Michael addition with 6-mercaptopurine to produce titled products 3a–3d following an EC (E=electrochemical and C=chemical step) mechanism. Such work further demonstrates the versatility of the anodic oxidation of catechols and their in-situ transformation for the synthesis of derivatized catechols.