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The Daya Bay experiment was the first to report simultaneous measurements of reactor antineutrinos at multiple baselines leading to the discovery of ν¯e oscillations over km-baselines. Subsequent data has provided the world's most precise measurement of sin22θ13 and the effective mass splitting Δmee2. The experiment is located in Daya Bay, China where the cluster of six nuclear reactors is among the world's most prolific sources of electron antineutrinos. Multiple antineutrino detectors are deployed in three underground water pools at different distances from the reactor cores to search for deviations in the antineutrino rate and energy spectrum due to neutrino mixing. Instrumented with photomultiplier tubes, the water pools serve as shielding against natural radioactivity from the surrounding rock and provide efficient muon tagging. Arrays of resistive plate chambers over the top of each pool provide additional muon detection. The antineutrino detectors were specifically designed for measurements of the antineutrino flux with minimal systematic uncertainty. Relative detector efficiencies between the near and far detectors are known to better than 0.2%. With the unblinding of the final two detectors' baselines and target masses, a complete description and comparison of the eight antineutrino detectors can now be presented. This paper describes the Daya Bay detector systems, consisting of eight antineutrino detectors in three instrumented water pools in three underground halls, and their operation through the first year of eight detector data-taking.

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment was designed to achieve a sensitivity on the value of sin22θ13 to better than 0.01 at 90% CL. The experiment consists of eight antineutrino detectors installed underground at different baselines from six nuclear reactors. With data collected with six antineutrino detectors for 55 days, Daya Bay announced the discovery of a non-zero value for sin22θ13 with a significance of 5.2 standard deviations in March 2012. The most recent analysis with 139 days of data acquired in a six-detector configuration yields sin22θ13=0.089±0.010(stat.)±0.005(syst.), which is the most precise measurement of sin22θ13 to date. © 2013.

We report an improved measurement of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. We exclude a zero value for sin22θ13 with a significance of 7.7 standard deviations. Electron antineutrinos from six reactors of 2.9 GW th were detected in six antineutrino detectors deployed in two near (flux-weighted baselines of 470 m and 576 m) and one far (1648 m) underground experimental halls. Using 139 days of data, 28909 (205308) electron antineutrino candidates were detected at the far hall (near halls). The ratio of the observed to the expected number of antineutrinos assuming no oscillations at the far hall is 0.944±0.007(stat.)±0.003(syst.). An analysis of the relative rates in six detectors finds sin22θ13=0. 089±0.010(stat.)±0.005(syst.) in a three-neutrino framework. © 2013 Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

Objective: Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is one of the most common pathways of metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Preoperative assessment of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in NSCLC patients is beneficial for selecting appropriate treatment plans and improving patient prognosis., Method: A total of 370 NSCLC patients were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen potential risk factors for OLNM in preoperative NSCLC patients. And establish a nomogram for OLNM in NSCLC patients before surgery. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the established nomogram., Result: Both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses suggested that multiple tumors, ERBB2 missense mutation, CA125 levels, CA153 levels, tumor site, tumor length, and serum ferritin are potential risk factors for OLNM in NSCLC patients. The constructed nomogram was evaluated, and the consistency index (C-index) and area under the ROC curve of the model were both 0.846. The calibration curve showed that the predicted values of the model had a high degree of fit with the actual observed values, and DCA suggested that the above indicators had good utility., Conclusion: The personalized scoring prediction model constructed based on multiple tumors, ERBB2 miss mutation, CA125 levels, CA153 levels, tumor site, tumor length, and serum ferritin can screen NSCLC patients who may have OLNM., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no competing interests.

Anode-free lithium-metal batteries (AFLMBs) are desirable candidates for achieving high-energy-density batteries, while severe active Li + loss and uneven Li plating/stripping behavior impede their practical application. Herein, a trilaminar LS-Cu (LiCPON + Si/C-Cu) current collector is fabricated by radio frequency magnetron sputtering, including a Si/C hybrid lithiophilic layer and a supernatant carbon-incorporated lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiCPON) solid-state electrolyte layer. Joint experimental and computational characterizations and simulations reveal that the LiCPON solid-state electrolyte layer can decompose into an in situ stout ion-transport-promoting protective layer, which can not only regulate homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior but also inhibit the pulverization and deactivation of Si/C hybrid lithiophilic layer. When combined with surface prelithiated Li 1.2 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 Mn 0.54 O 2 (Preli-LRM) cathode, the Preli-LRM||LS-Cu full cell delivers 896.1 Wh kg -1 initially and retains 354.1 Wh kg -1 after 50 cycles. This strategy offers an innovative design of compensating for active Li + loss and inducing uniform Li plating/stripping behavior simultaneously for the development of AFLMBs., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Nano-Fe 3 O 4 was loaded onto coconut-based activated carbon fibres (CACF) using an electrostatic self-assembly method. The effects of the mass ratio of CACF to nano-Fe 3 O 4 , loading time, pH and temperature on the loading effect were investigated and ideal loading conditions were determined. To study the adsorption performance of MACF@Fe 3 O 4 for methylene blue, the effects of the initial concentration, pH and time on the adsorption were investigated and the working conditions of adsorption were established. MACF@Fe 3 O 4 was systematically characterized. Adsorption kinetics were investigated under ideal conditions. The ideal loading conditions for MACF@Fe 3 O 4 were as follows: mass ratio of 1:1, 20 min, pH 9.36, 22.5°C. The saturation magnetization of MACF@Fe 3 O 4 was 48.2263 emu·g -1 , which could be quickly separated under an external magnetic field. When the dosage was 0.010 g, the adsorption rate reached 97.29% and the maximum adsorption capacity was 12.1616 mg·g -1 . The adsorption process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics during the first 15 min and pseudo-second-order kinetics during 20-120 min. The equations were ln( Q e - Q t )=2.2394-0.0689t and t Q t =0.0774 + 0.5295t , respectively. The isothermal adsorption model showed that MACF@Fe 3 O 4 was more in line with the Langmuir model, indicating that the adsorption process was mainly monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic analysis results showed that the adsorption process of MB by MACF@Fe 3 O 4 was an endothermic process. In this study, MACF@Fe 3 O 4 with high adsorption capacity and easy separation from coconut palm fibres has good application prospects in the field of adsorption, which can promote the high-value utilization of coconut palms., Competing Interests: We declare we have no competing interests., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Background: Studies have revealed that Children's psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children., Aim: To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children., Methods: Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents' job stress before and after matching was analyzed., Results: Before matching, the mother's occupation, children's personality characteristics, and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups ( P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children's parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children's gender and parents' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group ( P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents' attitudes toward their children ( r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender, parents' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores ( r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222)., Conclusion: Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Colorectal cancer is the most common malignant tumor of digestive tract, and the incidence of colorectal cancer in China is especially characterized by middle and low rectal cancer. In recent years, with the progress of computer science, artificial intelligence technology has developed rapidly, and has achieved a lot of application results in the medical field. At present, artificial intelligence technology has covered various stages of colorectal cancer, including screening, individualized assessment, auxiliary diagnosis and treatment decision-making, refined surgery and prognosis judgment, providing help for the accurate and individualized treatment of rectal cancer. However, the lack of standardized, systematic, and scalable AI models remains a major pain point for the field. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out large-scale prospective clinical studies on artificial intelligence model to further confirm its application value in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer.

Climate change is resulting in more frequent and rapidly changing temperatures at both extremes that severely affect the growth and production of plants, particularly crops. Oxidative stress caused by high temperatures is one of the most damaging factors for plants. However, the role of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in modulating plant thermotolerance is largely unknown, and the regulation of photorespiration essential for C3 species remains to be fully clarified. Here, we report that heat stress promotes H 2 O 2 accumulation in chloroplasts and that H 2 O 2 stimulates sulfenylation of the chloroplast-localized photorespiratory enzyme 2-phosphoglycolate phosphatase 1 (PGLP1) at cysteine 86, inhibiting its activity and promoting the accumulation of the toxic metabolite 2-phosphoglycolate. We also demonstrate that PGLP1 has a positive function in plant thermotolerance, as PGLP1 antisense lines have greater heat sensitivity and PGLP1-overexpressing plants have higher heat-stress tolerance than the wild type. Together, our results demonstrate that heat-induced H 2 O 2 in chloroplasts sulfenylates and inhibits PGLP1 to modulate plant thermotolerance. Furthermore, targeting CATALASE2 to chloroplasts can largely prevent the heat-induced overaccumulation of H 2 O 2 and the sulfenylation of PGLP1, thus conferring thermotolerance without a plant growth penalty. These findings reveal that heat-induced H 2 O 2 in chloroplasts is important for heat-caused plant damage., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Coagulation-related genes (CRGs) have been demonstrated to be essential for the development of certain tumors; however, little is known about CRGs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In this study, we adopted CRGs to construct a coagulation-related gene prognostic signature (CRGPS) using machine learning algorithms. Using a set of 92 machine learning integrated algorithms, the CRGPS was determined to be the optimal prognostic signature (median C-index = 0.600) for predicting the prognosis of an LUSC patient. The CRGPS was not only superior to traditional clinical parameters (e.g., T stage, age, and gender) and its commutative genes but also outperformed 19 preexisting prognostic signatures for LUSC on predictive accuracy. The CRGPS score was positively correlated with poor prognoses in patients with LUSC (hazard ratio > 1, p  < 0.05), indicating its suitability as a prognostic marker for this disease. The CRGPS was observed to be inversely correlated with the degree of infiltration of natural killer cells. For some tumors, patients with lower CRGPS scores are more likely to experience enhanced immunotherapy effects (area under the curve = 0.70), which implies that the CRGPS can potentially predict immunotherapy efficacy. A high CRGPS score is predictive of an LUSC patient being sensitive to several drugs. Collectively, these findings indicate that the CRGPS may be a reliable indicator of the prognoses of patients with LUSC and may be useful for the clinical management of such patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests. Gang Chen reports financial support was provided by Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Gang Chen reports financial support was provided by Health Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight (BB), a globally devastating disease of rice (Oryza sativa) that is responsible for significant crop loss. Sugars and sugar metabolites are important for pathogen infection, providing energy and regulating events associated with defense responses; however, the mechanisms by which they regulate such events in BB are unclear. As an inevitable sugar metabolite, methylglyoxal (MG) is involved in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses, but the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Whether and how MG functions in plant biotic stress responses is almost completely unknown. Here, we report that the Xoo strain PXO99 induces OsWRKY62.1 to repress transcription of OsGLY II genes by directly binding to their promoters, resulting in overaccumulation of MG. MG negatively regulates rice resistance against PXO99: osglyII2 mutants with higher MG levels are more susceptible to the pathogen, whereas OsGLYII2-overexpressing plants with lower MG content show greater resistance than the wild type. Overexpression of OsGLYII2 to prevent excessive MG accumulation confers broad-spectrum resistance against the biotrophic bacterial pathogens Xoo and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani, which causes rice sheath blight. Further evidence shows that MG reduces rice resistance against PXO99 through CONSTITUTIVE DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (OsCDR1). MG modifies the Arg97 residue of OsCDR1 to inhibit its aspartic protease activity, which is essential for OsCDR1-enhanced immunity. Taken together, these findings illustrate how Xoo promotes infection by hijacking a sugar metabolite in the host plant., (Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive cellular metabolite, is crucial for plant growth and environmental responses. MG may function by modifying its target proteins, but little is known about MG-modified proteins in plants. Here, MG-modified proteins were pulled down by an antibody against methylglyoxalated proteins and detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified 543 candidate proteins which are involved in multiple enzymatic activities and metabolic processes. A great number of candidate proteins were predicted to localize to cytoplasm, chloroplast, and nucleus, consistent with the known subcellular compartmentalization of MG. By further analyzing the raw LC-MS/MS data, we obtained 42 methylglyoxalated peptides in 35 proteins and identified 10 methylglyoxalated lysine residues in a myrosinase-binding protein (BnaC06G0061400ZS). In addition, we demonstrated that MG modifies the glycolate oxidase and β-glucosidase to enhance and inhibit the enzymatic activity, respectively. Together, our study contributes to the investigation of the MG-modified proteins and their potential roles in rapeseed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Objective: This study sought to explore the clinical value of matrix metalloproteinases 12 ( MMP12 ) in multiple cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD)., Methods: Using >10,000 samples, this retrospective study demonstrated the first pan-cancer analysis of MMP12 . The expression of MMP12 between cancer groups and their control groups was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. The clinical significance of MMP12 expression in multiple cancers was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves, Kaplan-Meier curves, and univariate Cox analysis. A further LUAD-related analysis based on 4565 multi-center and in-house samples was performed to verify the findings regarding MMP12 in pan-cancer analysis partly., Results: MMP12 mRNA is highly expressed in 13 cancers compared to their controls, and the MMP12 protein level is elevated in some of these cancers (e.g., colon adenocarcinoma) ( P < .05). MMP12 expression makes it feasible to distinguish 21 cancer tissues from normal tissues (AUC = 0.86). A high MMP12 expression is a prognosis risk factor in eight cancers, such as adrenocortical carcinoma (hazard ratio >1, P < .05). The elevated MMP12 expression is also a prognosis protective factor in breast-invasive carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma (hazard ratio <1, P < .05). Some pan-cancer findings regarding MMP12 are verified in LUAD-MMP12 expression is upregulated in LUAD at both the mRNA and protein levels ( P < .05), has the potential to distinguish LUAD with considerable accuracy (AUC = .91), and plays a risk prognosis factor for patients with the disease ( P < .05)., Conclusions: MMP12 is highly expressed in most cancers and may serve as a novel biomarker for the prediction and prognosis of numerous cancers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

The activation of trace LiNO 3 additives in high-concentration electrolytes is achieved by BF 3 due to its Lewis acidity. This advanced electrolyte can promote the decomposition of LiNO 3 into Li 3 N, attaining enhanced cycle reversibility of lithium anodes, which broadens the application of LiNO 3 additives.

Objective: To establish reference values for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of adult dwellers in Shenzhen City. Methods: The study was conducted based on the Shenzhen heart failure epidemiological survey from 2021 to 2022. In this survey, residents aged 18 years and above in Shenzhen were selected by using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method. General information, cardiovascular disease (CVD) related behavior and carotid ultrasound examination and etc. were collected from the participants. People with CVD factors, a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, carotid plaque or having no carotid ultrasound examination results were excluded. The parameter regression model based on fractional polynomial was used to establish the reference values of CIMT by age and sex. Results: A total of 2 163 healthy individuals were enrolled in the final analysis, including 576 males (26.6%) and 1 587 females (73.4%). The fractional polynomial regression of the CIMT mean and standard deviation was obtained. For men, the regression was mean CIMT =0.324 7+0.006 9×age and SD CIMT =0.076 9+0.001 2×age. For women, the regression was mean CIMT =0.354 9+0.005 4×age and SD CIMT =0.041 6+0.002 0×age. Conclusion: The age and sex reference values for CIMT of adult people in Shenzhen established in this study could provide the latest reference standards for early screening of subclinical CVD.

Background: Guselkumab is an IL-23 inhibitor widely used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Our study aimed to characterize the profile of adverse events (AEs) associated with guselkumab from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS)., Methods: Disproportionality analysis including the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN), and the multiitem gamma Poisson shrinker (MGPS) algorithms were used to assess the signals of guselkumab related AE., Results: A total of 22,950,014 reports were collected from the FAERS database, of which 24,312 reports regarding guselkumab as the 'primary suspected (PS)' AEs were identified. AEs induced by guselkumab were distributed in 27 organ systems. In this study, 205 significant disproportionality preferred terms (PTs) that matched four algorithms simultaneously were obtained for analysis. Unexpected significant AEs such as onychomadesis, malignant melanoma in situ, endometrial cancer, and erectile dysfunction were observed., Conclusion: The clinical observed AEs, along with potential new AE signals associated with guselkumab were identified based on the analysis of FAERS data, which could provide valuable evidence for clinical monitoring, risk identification, and further safety studies of identification.

High salinity, an adverse environmental factor affecting about 20% of irrigated arable land worldwide, inhibits plant growth and development by causing oxidative stress, damaging cellular components, and disturbing global metabolism. However, whether and how reactive oxygen species disturb the metabolism of salt-stressed plants remain elusive. Here, we report that salt-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibits the activity of plastid triose phosphate isomerase (pdTPI) to promote methylglyoxal (MG) accumulation and stimulates the sulfenylation of pdTPI at cysteine 74. We also show that MG is a key factor limiting the plant growth, as a decrease in MG levels completely rescued the stunted growth and repressed salt stress tolerance of the pdtpi mutant. Furthermore, targeting CATALASE 2 into chloroplasts to prevent salt-induced overaccumulation of H2O2 conferred salt stress tolerance, revealing a role for chloroplastic H2O2 in salt-caused plant damage. In addition, we demonstrate that the H2O2-mediated accumulation of MG in turn induces H2O2 production, thus forming a regulatory loop that further inhibits the pdTPI activity in salt-stressed plants. Our findings, therefore, illustrate how salt stress induces MG production to inhibit the plant growth., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. The authors declare no conflict of interests., (© American Society of Plant Biologists 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Background: Multiple linear stapler firings during double stapling technique (DST) after laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR) are associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage (AL). However, it is difficult to predict preoperatively the need for multiple linear stapler cartridges during DST anastomosis., Aim: To develop a deep learning model to predict multiple firings during DST anastomosis based on pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)., Methods: We collected 9476 MR images from 328 mid-low rectal cancer patients undergoing LAR with DST anastomosis, which were randomly divided into a training set ( n = 260) and testing set ( n = 68). Binary logistic regression was adopted to create a clinical model using six factors. The sequence of fast spin-echo T2-weighted MRI of the entire pelvis was segmented and analyzed. Pure-image and clinical-image integrated deep learning models were constructed using the mask region-based convolutional neural network segmentation tool and three-dimensional convolutional networks. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for each model., Results: The prevalence of ≥ 3 linear stapler cartridges was 17.7% (58/328). The prevalence of AL was statistically significantly higher in patients with ≥ 3 cartridges compared to those with ≤ 2 cartridges (25.0% vs 11.8%, P = 0.018). Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level > 5 ng/mL (OR = 2.11, 95%CI 1.08-4.12, P = 0.028) and tumor size ≥ 5 cm (OR = 3.57, 95%CI 1.61-7.89, P = 0.002) were recognized as independent risk factors for use of ≥ 3 linear stapler cartridges. Diagnostic performance was better with the integrated model (accuracy = 94.1%, PPV = 87.5%, and AUC = 0.88) compared with the clinical model (accuracy = 86.7%, PPV = 38.9%, and AUC = 0.72) and the image model (accuracy = 91.2%, PPV = 83.3%, and AUC = 0.81)., Conclusion: MRI-based deep learning model can predict the use of ≥ 3 linear stapler cartridges during DST anastomosis in laparoscopic LAR surgery. This model might help determine the best anastomosis strategy by avoiding DST when there is a high probability of the need for ≥ 3 linear stapler cartridges., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2023. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The clinical value of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains obscure., Objective: The study attempts to explore PRGs in LUAD, which will enable an understanding of LUAD from the perspective of PRGs., Methods: Lung adenocarcinoma patients were diagnosed using pathology, and their clinical information was collected from several public databases. A PRGs prognostic signature (PPS) for LUAD patients was established based on a multivariate Cox regression analysis. The differential expression of PRGs was identified using standardized mean differences in 6,958 samples. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive effects of the PPS to determine the survival rate of LUAD patients. Decision curve analysis was utilized to assess the clinical significance of the PPS in LUAD., Results: The PPS consists of five PRGs, namely CASP3, CASP9, GSDMB, NLRP1, and TNF. The prognostic effect of the PPS is evident in all the predicted one-, three-, and five-year survival rates (AUCs ≥ 0.58). The PPS represents an independent risk factor for the prognosis of LUAD patients (hazard ratio > 1; 95% confidence interval excluding 1). The PPS risk score can predict the prognosis of LUAD patients more accurately than PRGs of the PPS and multiple clinical parameters, such as age, tumor stage, and clinical stage. The decision curve analysis revealed that the nomogram based on the PPS and clinical parameters might result in better clinical decisions., Conclusion: The PPS makes it feasible to distinguish LUAD from non-LUAD. Thus, the underlying significance of the PPS in distinguishing LUAD from non-LUAD is promising., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Objectives: Chemotherapy without radiation therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has attracted increasing attention, but the optimal schema remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) of two regimens for patients with mid-low baseline resectable LARC., Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 131 patients with baseline resectable LARC in a single center between April 2016 and August 2020. All patients received four cycles of neoadjuvant CapeOX or mFOLFOX6 before surgery. Clinical characteristics, pathological response, and survival status were then assessed., Results: After a 1:1 propensity score matching, 96 patients were enrolled, including 48 receiving CapeOX and 48 receiving mFOLFOX6. The objective regression rates were 50.00% and 58.33%, and the pathological complete response rates were 6.25% and 8.33%, respectively, in the CapeOX and mFOLFOX6 groups. Patients who received mFOLFOX6 had a better tumor regression grade (TRG) than those who received CapeOX (P = 0.005). Patients in both groups had similar survival outcomes., Conclusions: The nCT has shown promising tumor response and survival outcomes, which can be a treatment option for baseline resectable LARC. For the two regimens, mFOLFOX6 provided better TRG than CapeOX, although no differences were observed in disease-free survival and OS., (© 2023 Chinese Medical Association Shanghai Branch, Chinese Society of Gastroenterology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Semantic-rich speech emotion recognition has a high degree of popularity in a range of areas. Speech emotion recognition aims to recognize human emotional states from utterances containing both acoustic and linguistic information. Since both textual and audio patterns play essential roles in speech emotion recognition (SER) tasks, various works have proposed novel modality fusing methods to exploit text and audio signals effectively. However, most of the high performance of existing models is dependent on a great number of learnable parameters, and they can only work well on data with fixed length. Therefore, minimizing computational overhead and improving generalization to unseen data with various lengths while maintaining a certain level of recognition accuracy is an urgent application problem. In this paper, we propose LGCCT, a light gated and crossed complementation transformer for multimodal speech emotion recognition. First, our model is capable of fusing modality information efficiently. Specifically, the acoustic features are extracted by CNN-BiLSTM while the textual features are extracted by BiLSTM. The modality-fused representation is then generated by the cross-attention module. We apply the gate-control mechanism to achieve the balanced integration of the original modality representation and the modality-fused representation. Second, the degree of attention focus can be considered, as the uncertainty and the entropy of the same token should converge to the same value independent of the length. To improve the generalization of the model to various testing-sequence lengths, we adopt the length-scaled dot product to calculate the attention score, which can be interpreted from a theoretical view of entropy. The operation of the length-scaled dot product is cheap but effective. Experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset CMU-MOSEI. Compared to the baseline models, our model achieves an 81.0% F1 score with only 0.432 M parameters, showing an improvement in the balance between performance and the number of parameters. Moreover, the ablation study signifies the effectiveness of our model and its scalability to various input-sequence lengths, wherein the relative improvement is almost 20% of the baseline without a length-scaled dot product.

The ELO family is involved in synthesizing very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and VLCFAs play a crucial role in plant development, protein transport, and disease resistance, but the physiological function of the plant ELO family is largely unknown. Further, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity acts in various plant environmental responses by modulating nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, how the NOS-like activity is regulated in such different stress responses remains misty. Here, we report that the yeast mutant Δ elo3 is defective in H 2 O 2 -triggered cell apoptosis with decreased NOS-like activity and NO accumulation, while its Arabidopsis homologous gene ELO2 (ELO HOMOLOG 2) could complement such defects in Δ elo3 . The expression of this gene is enhanced and required in plant osmotic stress response because the T-DNA insertion mutant elo2 is more sensitive to the stress than wild-type plants, and ELO2 expression could rescue the sensitivity phenotype of elo2 . In addition, osmotic stress-promoted NOS-like activity and NO accumulation are significantly repressed in elo2 , while exogenous application of NO donors can rescue this sensitivity of elo2 in terms of germination rate, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and ion leakage. Furthermore, stress-responsive gene expression, proline accumulation, and catalase activity are also repressed in elo2 compared with the wild type under osmotic stress. In conclusion, our study identifies ELO2 as a pivotal factor involved in plant osmotic stress response and reveals its role in regulating NOS-like activity and NO accumulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zheng, Fu and Lu.)

The rising demand for energy density of cathodes means the need to raise the voltage or capacity of cathodes. Transition metal (TM) doping has been employed to enhance the electrochemical properties in multiple aspects. The redox voltage of doped cathodes usually falls in between the voltage of undoped layered cathodes. However, we found anomalous redox features in NaTi 1-y V y S 2 . The first discharge platform potential (2.4 V) is significantly higher than that of undoped NaTiS 2 and NaVS 2 (both around 2.2 V), and the energy density is raised by 15 %. We speculate that the anomalous voltage is mainly attributed to the strong hybridization in the Ti-V-S system. Ti 3+ and V 3+ undergo charge transfer and form a more stable Ti (t 2g 0 e g 0 ) and V (t 2g 3 e g 0 ) electronic configuration. Our results indicate that higher voltage of cathode materials could be achieved by strong TM-ligand covalency, and this conclusion provides possible opportunities to explore high voltage materials for future layered cathodes., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: The role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) remains unknown., Methods: In this study, the first PRGs prognostic signature (PPS) of EAC was constructed based on the results of multivariate stepwise Cox regression analysis. Based on 1,047 samples of EAC and normal esophagus (NE), differentially expressed PRGs were selected for the establishment of the PPS. The discrimination effect of this PPS was detected by receiver operating characteristic curves, and the prognosis value of this PPS was determined through Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. Net benefits of the EAC patients from the nomogram (constructed based on the PPS and some clinical parameters) were assessed via decision curve analysis. The potential molecular mechanism of the PPS in EAC was explored via gene set enrichment analysis. The ability of PPS to distinguish EAC and NE was evaluated based on the results of summary receiver operating characteristic curves., Results: The significant prognostic value of PPS can be observed at all of the training cohort, test cohort, and validation cohort, such as its independent risk role in the prognosis of the EAC patients (hazard ratio > 0; 95% CI not including 0). The positive net benefits of the nomogram for the EAC patients can be detected via decision curve analysis, and the potential molecular mechanism of the PPS in EAC is likely related to cell pyroptosis. Last, some of the PRGs (particularly CASP5) included in this PPS specifically support its feasibility for identifying EAC (area under the curves > 0.7)., Conclusions: The construction of this PPS in EAC enhances the present understanding of the relationship between PRGs and EAC, thus representing a novel approach to the clinical identification and management of EAC based on PRGs., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: To establish a deep learning algorithm that can accurately determine three-dimensional facial anatomical landmarks, multi-view stacked hourglass convolutional neural networks (MSH-CNN) and to construct three-dimensional facial midsagittal plane automatically based on MSH-CNN and weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm., Methods: One hundred subjects with no obvious facial deformity were collected in our oral clinic. Three-dimensional facial data were scanned by three-dimensional facial scanner. Experts annotated twenty-one facial landmarks and midsagittal plane of each data. Eighty three-dimensional facial data were used as training set, to train the MSH-CNN in this study. The overview of MSH-CNN network architecture contained multi-view rendering and training the MSH-CNN network. The three-dimensional facial data were rendered from ninety-six views that were fed to MSH-CNN and the output was one heatmap per landmark. The result of the twenty-one landmarks was accurately placed on the three-dimensional facial data after a three-dimensional view ray voting process. The remaining twenty three-dimensional facial data were used as test set. The trained MSH-CNN automatically determined twenty-one three-dimensional facial anatomical landmarks of each case of data, and calculated the distance between each MSH-CNN landmark and the expert landmark, which was defined as position error. The midsagittal plane of the twenty subjects' could be automatically constructed, using the MSH-CNN and Procrustes analysis algorithm. To evaluate the effect of midsagittal plane by automatic method, the angle between the midsagittal plane constructed by the automatic method and the expert annotated plane was calculated, which was defined as angle error., Results: For twenty subjects with no obvious facial deformity, the average angle error of the midsagittal plane constructed by MSH-CNN and weighted Procrustes analysis algorithm was 0.73°±0.50°, in which the average position error of the twenty-one facial landmarks automatically determined by MSH-CNN was (1.13±0.24) mm, the maximum position error of the orbital area was (1.31±0.54) mm, and the minimum position error of the nasal area was (0.79±0.36) mm., Conclusion: This research combines deep learning algorithms and Procrustes analysis algorithms to realize the fully automated construction of the three-dimensional midsagittal plane, which initially achieves the construction effect of clinical experts. The obtained results constituted the basis for the independent intellectual property software development.

The increasing demand for energy storage is calling for improvements in cathode performance. In traditional layered cathodes, the higher energy of the metal 3d over the O 2p orbital results in one-band cationic redox; capacity solely from cations cannot meet the needs for higher energy density. Emerging anionic redox chemistry is promising to access higher capacity. In recent studies, the low-lying O nonbonding 2p orbital was designed to activate one-band oxygen redox, but they are still accompanied by reversibility problems like oxygen loss, irreversible cation migration, and voltage decay. Herein, by regulating the metal-ligand energy level, both extra capacities provided by anionic redox and highly reversible anionic redox process are realized in NaCr 1- y V y S 2 system. The simultaneous cationic and anionic redox of Cr/V and S is observed by in situ X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). Under high d-p hybridization, the strong covalent interaction stabilizes the holes on the anions, prevents irreversible dimerization and cation migration, and restrains voltage hysteresis and voltage decay. The work provides a fundamental understanding of highly reversible anionic redox in layered compounds, and demonstrates the feasibility of anionic redox chemistry based on hybridized bands with d-p covalence., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) plays a significant role in certain malignancies. However, it remains unclear whether CDK1 plays a role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to analyze the expression and clinical value of CDK1 in ESCC. CDK1 protein in 151 ESCC tissues and 138 normal esophageal tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. RNA-seq of eight pairs of ESCC and adjacent esophageal specimens was performed to evaluate the levels of CDK1 mRNA. Microarray and external RNA-seq data from 664 cases of ESCC and 1733 cases of control tissues were used to verify the difference in CDK1 expression between the two groups. A comprehensive analysis of all data was performed to evaluate the difference in CDK1 between ESCC tissues and control tissues. Further, functional enrichment analyses were performed based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCC and co-expressed genes (CEGs) of CDK1. In addition, a lncRNA-miRNA-CDK1 network was constructed. The expression of CDK1 protein was obviously increased in ESCC tissues (3.540 ± 2.923 vs. 1.040 ± 1.632, P < 0.001). RNA-seq indicated that the mRNA level of CDK1 was also highly expressed in ESCC tissues (5.261 ± 0.703 vs. 2.229 ± 1.161, P < 0.0001). Comprehensive analysis revealed consistent up-regulation of CDK1 (SMD = 1.41; 95% CI 1.00-1.83). Further, functional enrichment analyses revealed that the functions of these genes were mainly concentrated in the cell cycle. A triple regulatory network of PVT1-hsa-miR-145-5p/hsa-miR-30c-5p-CDK1 was constructed using in silico analysis. In summary, overexpression of CDK1 is closely related to ESCC tumorigenesis., (© 2021 The Authors. FEBS Open Bio published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)

A transformative concept of solid electrochemical corrosion has been put forward, in which solid-state electrolyte LiPON has been applied to replace the liquid one to prelithiate graphite with Li-metal. Thus, high prelithiation efficiency and low polarization of the treated anode can be obtained, with a unique mosaic structure left at the surface.

Oxygen-redox of layer-structured metal-oxide cathodes has drawn great attention as an effective approach to break through the bottleneck of their capacity limit. However, reversible oxygen-redox can only be obtained in the high-voltage region (usually over 3.5 V) in current metal-oxide cathodes. Here, we realize reversible oxygen-redox in a wide voltage range of 1.5-4.5 V in a P2-layered Na 0.7 Mg 0.2 [Fe 0.2 Mn 0.6 □ 0.2 ]O 2 cathode material, where intrinsic vacancies are located in transition-metal (TM) sites and Mg-ions are located in Na sites. Mg-ions in the Na layer serve as "pillars" to stabilize the layered structure during electrochemical cycling, especially in the high-voltage region. Intrinsic vacancies in the TM layer create the local configurations of "□-O-□", "Na-O-□" and "Mg-O-□" to trigger oxygen-redox in the whole voltage range of charge-discharge. Time-resolved techniques demonstrate that the P2 phase is well maintained in a wide potential window range of 1.5-4.5 V even at 10 C. It is revealed that charge compensation from Mn- and O-ions contributes to the whole voltage range of 1.5-4.5 V, while the redox of Fe-ions only contributes to the high-voltage region of 3.0-4.5 V. The orphaned electrons in the nonbonding 2p orbitals of O that point toward TM-vacancy sites are responsible for reversible oxygen-redox, and Mg-ions in Na sites suppress oxygen release effectively., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

P3-Na0.65Mn0.5Al0.5O2 (NMAO) has been synthesized and studied as a cathode for sodium batteries, and shows anionic redox reaction (ARR) and exhibits a first charging capacity of ∼110 mA h g-1. The electrochemical mechanism of NMAO was comprehensively investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The reversible oxygen redox behaviour is triggered by Al3+ through oxygen quasi non-bonding states generated by the relatively ionic interaction of Al and O. Furthermore, the presence of Al3+ can suppress oxygen loss in ARR. This work provides new insights into the design and mechanism of anionic redox active cathode materials.

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a byproduct of glycolysis that functions in diverse mammalian developmental processes and diseases and in plant responses to various stresses, including salt stress. However, it is unknown whether MG-regulated gene expression is associated with an epigenetic modification. Here we report that MG methylglyoxalates H3 including H3K4 and increases chromatin accessibility, consistent with the result that H3 methylglyoxalation positively correlates with gene expression. Salt stress also increases H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes correlated to their higher expression. Following exposure to salt stress, salt stress responsive genes were expressed at higher levels in the Arabidopsis glyI2 mutant than in wild-type plants, but at lower levels in 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4 plants, consistent with the higher and lower MG accumulation and H3 methylglyoxalation of target genes in glyI2 and 35S::GLYI2 35S::GLYII4, respectively. Further, ABI3 and MYC2, regulators of salt stress responsive genes, affect the distribution of H3 methylglyoxalation at salt stress responsive genes. Thus, MG functions as a histone-modifying group associated with gene expression that links glucose metabolism and epigenetic regulation., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.)

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the major histological type of esophageal cancers worldwide. Transcription factor PTTG1 was seen highly expressed in a variety of tumors and was related to the degree of tumor differentiation, invasion, and metastasis. However, the clinical significance of PTTG1 had yet to be verified, and the mechanism of abnormal PTTG1 expression in ESCC was not clear. In this study, the comprehensive analysis and evaluation of PTTG1 expression in ESCC were completed by synthesizing in-house immunohistochemistry (IHC), clinical sample tissue RNA-seq (in-house RNA-seq), public high-throughput data, and literature data. We also explored the possible signaling pathways and target genes of PTTG1 in ESCC by combining the target genes of PTTG1 (displayed by ChIP-seq), differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCC, and PTTG1 -related genes, revealing the potential molecular mechanism of PTTG1 in ESCC. In the present study, PTTG1 protein and mRNA expression levels in ESCC tissues were all significantly higher than in non-cancerous tissues. The pool standard mean difference (SMD) of the overall PTTG1 expression was 1.17 (95% CI: 0.72-1.62, P < 0.01), and the area under curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.83-0.89). By combining the target genes displayed by ChIP-seq of PTTG1 , DEGs of ESCC, and PTTG1 -related genes, it was observed that PTTG1 may interact with these genes through chemokines and cytokine signaling pathways. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and combining ChIP-seq data, we obtained four PTTG1 potential target genes, SPTAN1 , SLC25A17 , IKBKB , and ERH . The gene expression of PTTG1 had a strong positive correlation with SLC25A17 and ERH , which suggested that PTTG1 might positively regulate the expression of these two genes. In summary, the high expression of PTTG1 may play an important role in the formation of ESCC. These roles may be completed by PTTG1 regulating the downstream target genes SLC25A17 and ERH ., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Chen, Zhou, Zhang, He, Huang, Dang, Yang, Liu, Fu, Mo, Tang, Li, Li, Yang, Ma, Yang and Chen.)

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the main pathological type of pulmonary malignant tumors; at present, less than 10% of patients with advanced metastatic LUSC live for more than 5 years. We previously reported that low expression of miRNA-126-3p is associated with the occurrence and progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Here, we examined expression of miRNA-126-3p in 23 samples from patients with LUSCs and 23 normal control specimens by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Associations between miRNA-126-3p expression and clinical features were studied from materials derived from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) chips and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Twelve online platforms were used to identify candidate target genes of miRNA-126-3p. Further analyses of the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO), and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were performed on the target genes. GEO microarray analysis, TCGA data mining, RT-qPCR, and integration analysis consistently reported low expression of miRNA-126-3p in LUSC. A total of 42 genes were identified as potential target genes of miRNA-126-3p from online platforms, GEO microarrays, and the TCGA database. GO and KEGG analyses demonstrated that the target genes are involved in several biological processes that promote the progression of LUSC. SOX2, E2F2, and E2F3 were selected as hub genes from the PPI network for further analysis. In summary, our results suggest that the low expression of miRNA-126-3p may play a role in promoting the development of LUSC and miRNA-126-3p may be a biomarker for LUSC early diagnosis and prognosis., (© 2020 The Authors. Published by FEBS Press and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Chlorophenols (CPs) are important pollutants detected frequently in the environment. This study intended to detect the inhibitory effects of fourteen CPs (2-CP, 3-CP, 4-CP, 4C2AP, 4C3MP, 2.4-DCP, 2.3.4-TCP, 2.4.5-TCP, 2.4.6-TCP, 3.4.5-TCP, 2.3.4.5-TECP, 2.3.4.6-TECP, 2.3.5.6-TECP and PCP) towards human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). Throughout the tests, testosterone was used as the probe substrate and CPs were used as inhibitors. A series of experiments (enzyme activity assays, preliminary screening tests, inhibition kinetics determination) were conducted to determine the inhibition of CPs towards human liver CYP3A4. CPs with the inhibitory effect >80% were selected for the inhibition evaluation in liver microsomes from different animal species (monkey, rat, dog, pig). The results showed that 2.3.4-TCP, 3.4.5-TCP, and 2.3.4.5-TECP inhibited the activities of CYP3A4 by 80.3%, 93.4%, 91.6%, respectively. Inhibition kinetics type were non-competitive and inhibition kinetics constant (K i ) values were 26.4 μM, 13.5 μM, and 8.8 μM for the inhibition of 2.3.4-TCP, 3.4.5-TCP, and 2.3.4.5-TECP towards human CYP3A4, respectively. Inhibition kinetics type was competitive and K i value was 4.9 μM for the inhibition of 2.3.4-TCP towards CYP3A4 in Monkey liver microsomes (MyLMs). Inhibition kinetic types were non-competitive and K i values were 8.1 μM and 28.7 μM for the inhibition of 3.4.5-TCP and 2.3.4.5-TECP towards CYP3A4 in MyLMs. Inhibition kinetic types were non-competitive and K i values were 13.8 μM, 0.6 μM, and 6.1 μM for the inhibition of 2.3.4-TCP, 3.4.5-TCP, and 2.3.4.5-TECP towards CYP3A4 in Dog liver microsomes (DLMs), respectively. By comparing K i values and inhibition kinetic types, the dog was the most suitable model to assess the inhibition of 2.3.4-TCP and 2.3.4.5-TECP towards CYP3A4, and monkey was the most suitable model to assess the inhibition of 3.4.5-TCP towards CYP3A4. In conclusion, our recent study on the inhibition of CPs towards CYP3A4 and species differences was important for further toxicological studies of CPs in human bodies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a large group of chemicals and can be detected in environmental and human samples all over the world. Toxicity of existing and emerging PFASs will be a long-term source of concern. This study aimed to investigate structure-dependent inhibitory effects of 14 PFASs towards the activity of 11 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. In vitro UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was employed to determine the inhibition of PFASs towards different UGT isoforms. All the PFASs showed <75% of inhibition or stimulation effects on UGT1A3, UGT1A7, UGT1A9, UGT2B4, UGT2B7 and UGT2B17. However, PFASs showed broad inhibition on the activity of UGT1A1 and UGT1A8. The activity of UGT1A1 was inhibited by 98.8%, 98%, 79.9%, 77.1%, and 76.9% at 100 μmoL/L of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS), perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA), respectively. UGT1A8 was inhibited by 97.6%, 94.8%, 86.3%, 83.4% and 77.1% by PFDA, PFTA, perfluorooctadecanoic acid (PFOcDA), PFDoA and PFOS, respectively. Additionally, PFDA significantly inhibited UGT1A6 and UGT1A10 by 96.8% and 91.6%, respectively. PFDoA inhibited the activity of UGT2B15 by 88.2%. PFDA and PFOS exhibited competitive inhibition towards UGT1A1, and PFDA and PFTA showed competitive inhibition towards UGT1A8. The inhibition kinetic parameter (K i ) were 3.15, 1.73, 13.15 and 20.21 μmoL/L for PFDA-1A1, PFOS-1A1, PFDA-1A8 and PFTA-1A8, respectively. The values were calculated to be 0.3 μmoL/L and 1.3 μmoL/L for the in vivo inhibition of PFDA towards UGT1A1-and UGT1A8-catalyzed metabolism of substances, and 0.2 μmoL/L and 2.0 μmoL/L for the inhibition of PFOS towards UGT1A1 and the inhibition of PFTA towards UGT1A8, respectively. Molecular docking indicated that hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions contributed to the interaction between PFASs and UGT isoforms. In conclusion, exposure to PFASs might inhibit the activity of UGTs to disturb metabolism of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The structure-related effects of PFASs on UGTs would be very important for risk assessment of PFASs., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Low light often leads to poor image visibility, which can easily affect the performance of computer vision algorithms. First, this paper proposes the absorption light scattering model (ALSM), which can be used to reasonably explain the absorbed light imaging process for low-light images. In addition, the absorbing light scattering image obtained via ALSM under a sufficient and uniform illumination can reproduce hidden outlines and details from the low-light image. Then, we identify that the minimum channel of ALSM obtained above exhibits high local similarity. This similarity can be constrained by superpixels, which effectively prevent the use of gradient operations at the edges so that the noise is not amplified quickly during enhancement. Finally, by analyzing the monotonicity between the scene reflection and the atmospheric light or transmittance in ALSM, a new low-light image enhancement method is identified. We replace atmospheric light with inverted atmospheric light to reduce the contribution of atmospheric light in the imaging results. Moreover, a soft jointed mean-standard-deviation (MSD) mechanism is proposed that directly acts on the patches represented by the superpixels. The MSD can obtain a smaller transmittance than that obtained by the minimum strategy, and it can be automatically adjusted according to the information of the image. The experiments on challenging low-light images are conducted to reveal the advantages of our method compared with other powerful techniques.

The use of anion redox reactions is gaining interest for increasing rechargeable capacities in alkaline ion batteries. Although anion redox coupling of S 2- and (S 2 ) 2- through dimerization of S-S in sulfides have been studied and reported, an anion redox process through electron hole formation has not been investigated to the best of our knowledge. Here, we report an O3-NaCr 2/3 Ti 1/3 S 2 cathode that delivers a high reversible capacity of ~186 mAh g -1 (0.95 Na) based on the cation and anion redox process. Various charge compensation mechanisms of the sulfur anionic redox process in layered NaCr 2/3 Ti 1/3 S 2 , which occur through the formation of disulfide-like species, the precipitation of elemental sulfur, S-S dimerization, and especially through the formation of electron holes, are investigated. Direct structural evidence for formation of electron holes and (S 2 ) n- species with shortened S-S distances is obtained. These results provide valuable information for the development of materials based on the anionic redox reaction.

Parthenolide (PTL) and micheliolide (MCL) are sesquiterpene lactones with similar structures, and both of them have been reported to exhibit multiple biochemical and pharmacological activities. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of these two compounds on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). In vitro incubation mixture for recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation metabolism of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was utilized to investigate the inhibition potential. Inhibition kinetics (including inhibition type and parameters) were determined, and in silico docking was employed to elucidate the inhibition difference between PTL and MCL on UGT1A1. MCL showed no inhibition toward all the UGT isoforms, and PTL showed strong inhibition toward UGT1A1. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of PTL on the activity of UGT1A1 was determined to be 64.4 μM. Inhibition kinetics determination showed that PTL exerted noncompetitive inhibition toward UGT1A1, and the inhibition kinetic constant ( K i ) was determined to be 12.1 μM. In silico docking method has been employed to show that hydrogen bonds between PTL and the activity cavity of UGT1A1 contributed to the stronger inhibition of PTL on the activity of UGT1A1 than MCL. In conclusion, PTL can more easily induce drug-drug interaction (DDI) with clinical drugs mainly undergoing UGT1A1-catalyzed glucuronidation.

The safety and feasibility of 3-D laparoscopy-assisted bowel resection were demonstrated in the management of rectal cancer. However, this procedure's role in the management of patients with diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum has not been evaluated. Here, two patients were diagnosed with diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum by colonoscopy and abdominal imaging. One case underwent pull-through transection and coloanal anastomosis in 3-D laparoscopy-assisted surgery. In another patient, 3-D laparoscopy-assisted abdominoperineal resection was performed. The operations were safely performed in both cases. The two patients recovered uneventfully, and satisfactory postoperative outcomes were demonstrated. This report shows that 3-D laparoscopy-assisted bowel resection may be safe and feasible for patients with diffuse cavernous hemangioma of the rectum., (© 2018 Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery, Asia Endosurgery Task Force and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Most P2-type layered oxides suffer from multiple voltage plateaus, due to Na + /vacancy-order superstructures caused by strong interplay between Na-Na electrostatic interactions and charge ordering in the transition metal layers. Here, Mg ions are successfully introduced into Na sites in addition to the conventional transition metal sites in P2-type Na 0.7 [Mn 0.6 Ni 0.4 ]O 2 as new cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries. Mg ions in the Na layer serve as "pillars" to stabilize the layered structure, especially for high-voltage charging, meanwhile Mg ions in the transition metal layer can destroy charge ordering. More importantly, Mg ion occupation in both sodium and transition metal layers will be able to create "Na-O-Mg" and "Mg-O-Mg" configurations in layered structures, resulting in ionic O 2p character, which allocates these O 2p states on top of those interacting with transition metals in the O-valence band, thus promoting reversible oxygen redox. This innovative design contributes smooth voltage profiles and high structural stability. Na 0.7 Mg 0.05 [Mn 0.6 Ni 0.2 Mg 0.15 ]O 2 exhibits superior electrochemical performance, especially good capacity retention at high current rate under a high cutoff voltage (4.2 V). A new P2 phase is formed after charge, rather than an O2 phase for the unsubstituted material. Besides, multiple intermediate phases are observed during high-rate charging. Na-ion transport kinetics are mainly affected by elemental-related redox couples and structural reorganization. These findings will open new opportunities for designing and optimizing layer-structured cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.

Hydroxy metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) are important substance basis for the toxicity of PCBs. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of OH-PCBs on the activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), trying to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of PCBs from a new perspective. In vitrohuman recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was used as the probe reaction. The number of chlorine atom can affect the inhibition potential of OH-PCBs towards different isoforms of UGTs, and complex structure-activity relationship was found for the inhibition of OH-PCBs on the activities of UGT isoforms. For the inhibition kinetic determination, 2'OHPCB106 and 4'OHPCB106 were selected as the representative OH-PCBs, and UGT1A1, 1A7, and 2B7 were chosen as the representative UGT isoforms. Competitive inhibition of 2'OHPCB106 and 4'OHPCB106 on the activities of UGT1A1, UGT1A7, and UGT2B7 was found. For 2'OHPCB106, the inhibition kinetic parameters (K i ) were calculated to be 0.4 μM for UGT1A1, 1.3 μM for UGT1A7, and 2.7 μM for UGT2B7, respectively. For 4'OHPCB106, K i values were calculated to be 0.7 μM for UGT1A1, 6.8 μM for UGT1A7, and 4.8 μM for UGT2B7, respectively. In silico docking method was utilized to elucidate the inhibition difference of UGT1A1 by four OH-PCBs with similar structures (4'OHPCB9, 4'OHPCB26, 4'OHPCB112 and 4'OHPCB165). In conclusion, these data will be helpful for understanding the toxicity mechanisms of PCBs from a view of metabolic interference., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chlorophenols (CPs) are important pollutants extensively utilized in industry, agriculture and forestry. The present study aims to determine the inhibition of CPs on the activity of the important phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). 100 μM of fourteen CPs were used for preliminary screening using in vitro incubation. Furthermore, half inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) and inhibition kinetics were determined for CPs with significant inhibition towards UGT isoforms. In silico docking was used to explain the inhibition difference among CPs. Multiple UGT isoforms were inhibited by CPs. In silico docking showed that higher free binding energy due to hydrophobic interactions of 2.4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) or 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (4C3MP) with UGT1A9 contributed to stronger inhibition potential of 2.4-Dichlorophenol (2.4-DCP) or 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol (4C3MP) towards UGT1A9 than 4-CP. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was chosen as the representative CPs to determine the IC 50 value towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. IC 50 was calculated to be 0.33 μM, 0.24 μM and 31.35 μM for the inhibition of PCP towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. PCP was demonstrated to show competitive inhibition towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) was calculated to be 0.18 μM, 0.01 μM and 5.37 μM for the inhibition of PCP towards UGT1A6, UGT1A9 and UGT2B7. All these information will be beneficial for elucidating the risk of CPs exposure from a new perspective., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A Prussian blue LiFeFe(CN) 6 thin-film cathode is fabricated by a nonvacuum coating technology without post-annealing process. The thin film of the solid electrolyte lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is deposited onto the cathode by using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. Then, the lithium metal anode is deposited on the LiPON film by the thermal evaporation method to fabricate the all-solid-state LiFeFe(CN) 6 /LiPON/Li battery with a thickness of 16 μm and a size of ∼10 cm 2 . Electrochemical properties of LiFeFe(CN) 6 /LiPON/Li battery are first investigated at various temperatures from -30 to 80 °C. Our results demonstrated that the all-solid-state LiFeFe(CN) 6 /LiPON/Li battery exhibits a discharge capacity of 82.5 mA h/g for the third cycle at 60 °C and shows stable cyclic performance within 200 cycles. These results provide the feasibility to assemble an all-solid-state lithium-ion battery by combining nonvacuum and vacuum techniques through an environmentally friendly process at low temperature., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Objective: To analyze the trend of suicide mortality in residents of Hainan province, and explore the application of time sequence model in the prediction of the mortality of suicide. Methods: The mortality data of suicide in residents of Hainan province between January, 2014 and December, 2016 were collected and analyzed with time sequence model and the mortality rate of suicide during January-June, 2017 in Hainan was predicted with the model. Results: During January, 2014 to June 2017, a total of 576 suicide cases were reported in Hainan, the mortality rate was 1.5/100 000. The established ARIMA model had good fitting for the suicide mortality in previous times and the prediction result was quite similar to the actual mortality, the predicted mortality rate was within the 95 % confidence interval of the actual rate. Conclusion: The time sequence model for the prediction of suicide mortality in Hainan was "ARIMA (0, 1, 0) (0, 0, 0) (12)" , and the prediction effect of the model was better, which can be used to predict the suicide mortality in Hainan.

Phthalate monoesters are important metabolites of phthalate esters (PAEs) which have been extensively utilized in industry. This study aims to investigate the inhibition of phthalate monoesters on the activity of various isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), trying to elucidate the toxicity mechanism of environmental endocrine disruptors from the new perspectives. In vitro recombinant UGTs-catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) was employed to evaluate 8 kinds of phthalate monoesters on 11 sorts of main human UGT isoforms. 100 μM phthalate monoesters exhibited negligible inhibition towards the activity of UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A6, UGT1A8, UGT1A10, UGT2B4, UGT2B7, UGT2B15 and UGT2B17. The activity of UGT1A7 was strongly inhibited by monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), but slightly inhibited by all the other phthalate monoesters. UGT1A9 was broadly inhibited by monobenzyl phthalate (MBZP), monocyclohexyl phthalate (MCHP), MEHP, monohexyl phthalate (MHP) and monooctyl phthalate (MOP), respectively. MEHP exhibited competitive inhibition towards UGT1A7, and MBZP, MCHP, MEHP, MHP and MOP showed competitive inhibition towards UGT1A9. The inhibition kinetic parameters (K i ) were calculated to be 11.25 μM for MEHP-UGT1A7, and 2.13, 0.09, 1.17, 7.47, 0.16 μM for MBZP-UGT1A9, MCHP-UGT1A9, MEHP-UGT1A9, MHP-UGT1A9, MOP-UGT1A9, respectively. Molecular docking indicated that both hydrogen bonds formation and hydrophobic interactions significantly contributed to the interaction between phthalate monoesters and UGT isoforms. All these information will be beneficial for understanding the adverse effects of PAEs., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)