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Summary: This case series describes three cases of osseous cyst‐like lesions of the proximal phalanx (P1), which were associated with a complete fracture. The fractures and osseous cyst‐like lesions were analysed through radiographic and computed tomographic (CT) images for fracture configuration and prodromal factors, such as subchondral sclerosis and periosteal new bone formation. Internal stabilisation was performed in all cases through placing transcortical bone screws under CT guidance. In conclusion, the presence of osseous cyst‐like lesions in the proximal P1 as well as the addition of prodromal markers, such as localised periosteal new bone formation and subchondral bone sclerosis, suggest pathological subchondral bone with the potential to fracture and stabilisation should be prioritised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthopedic-device-related infection is one of the most severe complications in orthopedic surgery. To reduce the associated morbidity and healthcare costs, new prevention and treatment modalities are continuously under development. Preclinical in vivo models serve as a control point prior to clinical implementation. This study presents a mouse model of subcutaneously implanted titanium discs, infected with Staphylococcus aureus, to fill a gap in the early-stage testing of antimicrobial biomaterials. Firstly, three different inocula were administered either pre-adhered to the implant or pipetted on top of it following implantation to test their ability to reliably create an infection. Secondly, the efficacy of low-dose (25 mg/kg) and high-dose (250 mg/kg) cefazolin administered systemically in infection prevention was assessed. Lastly, titanium implants were replaced by antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) discs to investigate the efficacy of local antibiotics in infection prevention. The efficacy in infection prevention of the low-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) depended on both the inoculum and inoculation method. Bacterial counts were significantly lower in animals receiving the high dose of PAP. ALBC discs with or without the additional PAP proved highly effective in infection prevention and provide a suitable positive control to test other prevention strategies.

This case report describes the case of a 16-year-old minishetlandpony gelding with acute and progressive ataxia. The horse was presented to the Equine Department of the Vetsuisse-Faculty of Zurich with a staggering gait, an ataxia grade 3/5 (according to Mayhew’s Ataxia Scale), as well as hindlimbs weakness to the point of falling over. In the neurological examination, the consciousness and behavior and the cranial nerves were normal, but the proprioception was decreased in all four limbs, especially in the hindlimbs. The symptoms could then be localized to a spinal cord problem in the cervical region. X-ray images of the cervical spine were taken; however, these showed only mild osteoarthritis of the synovial joints C5-C6 and C6-C7, probably an incidental finding, and could not explain the neurological symptoms. The pony was then discharged and a treatment with NSAID’s (Flunixin meglumin;1mg/kg BID, p.o.) started. At home, the symptoms deteriorated rapidly to the point of recumbency. The pony was readmitted few days later. The gait analysis showed stiff hindquarters and ataxia of 4/5. After 20 minutes the gelding was again recumbent and not able to get up alone. The next diagnostical step was a myelography followed by computed tomography with contrast medium. For this the horse was placed in general anesthesia. A cerebrospinal fluid puncture was performed in the median at the level of the cranial end of both atlas-wings. Cerebrospinal fluid was taken and sent for cytological examination. Next the contrast medium Omnipaque (Omnipaque® 350; 10–15ml/100kg, in total 20ml) was injected over the duration of 5 minutes. First, laterolateral images of the cervical spine were obtained in normal position, as well as in hyperextension and hyperflexion. Immediately after the radiological examination, a computed tomographic examination of the entire spine was performed using a 40-slice helical CT scanner (Somatom Sensation Open, Siemens AG, Switzerland). In the CT images a well-limited, large mass dorsal and to the right of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata could be clearly identified. The mass showed to be soft tissue dense and resulted in a high-grade extradural compression of the spinal cord at C1-C2. Thus, the diagnosis after CT myelography was a soft tissue dense mass at C1-C2, in the epidural space, leading to extradural compression of the spinal cord. Due to the advanced symptoms and the poor prognosis, the pony was euthanized and sent for a full post-mortem examination. Grossly, a 4cm round, dark gray to black mass was detected in the epidural space, in the area of the atlanto-occipital junction. The adjacent muscles around C1-C2, where the mass was located, showed a focal black discoloration. The spinal cord itself showed no macroscopic changes. Histological examination revealed an infiltratively growing mass into muscles and dura mater, that consisted of spindle-shaped to round neoplastic cells with dark-brown, granular cytoplasm. The neoplasm exhibited signs of malignancy like invasion of surrounding tissue and vessels and cell pleomorphism. No infiltration of tumor cells was detected in the spinal cord itself. However, a high-grade focal degenerative myelopathy could be detected. Finally, the diagnosis after dissection was a malignant melanocytic tumor (melanoma) in the vertebral canal at the atlanto-occipital junction with a consecutive high-grade focal degenerative myelopathy, which most likely had caused the neurological symptoms. This case shows that, also when no external melanomas are visible in a horse, internal melanomas cannot be excluded and the primary tumor can also occur in an atypical location, such as the spinal canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If the wound has healed and the radiographs show that the splint bone is stable and the fracture is healing, no further treatment is necessary (Figure 5). Fractures of the vestigial metacarpal and metatarsal bones, which are commonly referred to as splint bones, can occur anywhere along the length of the bone and are very common in horses of all ages (Jackson et al., [3]). (a) wound over the lateral splint bone; (b) oblique radiograph showing a comminuted fracture of the splint bone. gl TREATMENT OF PROXIMAL SPLINT BONE FRACTURES Proximal splint bone fractures are the most difficult to treat and a variety of management techniques including surgical intervention have been described. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: A 9‐year‐old Warmblood, high‐level showjumping mare sustained an acute, closed, vertical, comminuted fracture of the left accessory carpal bone (ACB) during a fall. The fracture was repaired under standing sedation and local anaesthesia, using a 6‐hole APTUS® 3.5 TFP and 5 × 3.5‐mm self‐tapping TriLock© screws. The mare recovered from surgery without complications. Upon follow‐up examination 9 months post‐operatively the mare was sound in all gaits and back to full athletic activity. The ACB fracture had completely healed. The displaced dorsoproximal fracture fragment was in a stationary position and there was evidence of mild nonprogressive osteoarthritis of the antebrachiocarpal joint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerclage wires Cerclage wire treatment of olecranon fractures is mostly performed in foals with type 1 fractures, frequently in association with pins to assure axial alignment of the fragment with the ulna. Keywords: horse; internal fixation; kick injuries; LCP; ulna fracture EN horse internal fixation kick injuries LCP ulna fracture 132 138 7 02/09/23 20230301 NES 230301 INTRODUCTION Ulna fractures in adult horses are most frequently the result of a kick by another horse on pasture (Donati et al., [5]). The fracture may develop at the body of the ulna, the olecranon process representing the proximal end of the ulna or a combination of both. [Extracted from the article]

Orthopedic-device-related infection is one of the most severe complications in orthopedic surgery. To reduce the associated morbidity and healthcare costs, new prevention and treatment modalities are continuously under development. Preclinical in vivo models serve as a control point prior to clinical implementation. This study presents a mouse model of subcutaneously implanted titanium discs, infected with Staphylococcus aureus, to fill a gap in the early-stage testing of antimicrobial biomaterials. Firstly, three different inocula were administered either pre-adhered to the implant or pipetted on top of it following implantation to test their ability to reliably create an infection. Secondly, the efficacy of low-dose (25 mg/kg) and high-dose (250 mg/kg) cefazolin administered systemically in infection prevention was assessed. Lastly, titanium implants were replaced by antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) discs to investigate the efficacy of local antibiotics in infection prevention. The efficacy in infection prevention of the low-dose perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) depended on both the inoculum and inoculation method. Bacterial counts were significantly lower in animals receiving the high dose of PAP. ALBC discs with or without the additional PAP proved highly effective in infection prevention and provide a suitable positive control to test other prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]