Search

Additional file 9.

Additional file 5.

Additional file 3.

Additional file 6.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2.

Additional file 8.

Additional file 7.

It has great potential that electric vehicles (EVs) participate in the regulation and control of the power grid. However, due to randomness of EV in use, it is necessary to determine their spatial and temporal distribution status. Based on the latest released National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data, this paper fits the temporal and spatial feature information of the EV trip chain and makes corresponding improvements to the deficiencies in the existing research. The stochastic simulation method is used to simulate the trip chain, and the simulation results are verified and analyzed, which shows that the method can accurately simulate the EV trip chain and can provide strong support for the subsequent EV participation in the analysis of grid control operations.

2011-2012年间对扎龙国家级自然保护区的藻类标本进行采集及观察鉴定.研究发现，该区域鼓藻类植物生物多样性较高，共观察到90个分类单位.研究过程中发现宽带鼓藻属的一个新种——Pleurotaenium parvulum Li，Fan & Wei.该物种特征为植物体单细胞，细胞小型，长圆柱形；半细胞顶端平截，其缘边横断面可见5个小结节；细胞壁平滑或具点纹；半细胞具两个轴生星状的色素体，每个色素体具1个蛋白核.本文比较了该物种与其相近种类之间的差异.

With the development of technology, the demand of integrated energy is increasing in our country. However, the corresponding energy consumption rate and energy utilization rate are too different. Therefore, an intelligent energy management and control system has been proposed, which is based on he Internet of Things technology. This paper also gives the system structure and main functional modules so that energy efficiency can be improved better.

Aiming at the optimal scheduling for home energy, on the load side, this paper classifies the loads according to the urgency, and establishes their satisfaction models respectively, then minimizes the customer's cost while guarantees the inhabitants' satisfaction. On the power side, an optimal scheduling model based on the chance constrained programming (CCP) algorithm is proposed to optimize the energy scheduling problem of the home energy management system(HEMS). This model can considerably decrease the consumers' cost by introducing real-time pricing(RTP), photovoltaic(PV) and energy storage system(ESS). Considering that the short-term distribution of PV output is approximately normal distribution, the PV output is expressed as the sum of predicted output and prediction error. The distribution characteristics of error are applied to optimize the scheduling of ESS. The experimental studies reveal that the proposed work is able to satisfy the consumer and achieves better results than previous related researches.

In this paper, based on wireless sensor network technology, we propose the monitoring system for wind tur- bine. In order to ensure that the monitoring system can completely and accurately obtain the condition monitoring infor- mation, using exponential distribution function, we establish the reliability model. Because the topology control tech- niques can improve the monitoring system reliability, we present the hierarchical network topology for monitoring sys- tem. Then, combined with the presented hierarchical network topology, we study the reliability model. Finally, simulation shows that the network parameters affect the reliability and the working time of monitoring system.

The fault rate of offshore wind turbines is so high that it is necessary to build a reliable condition monitoring system to improve the maintenance efficiency. To adapt to the harsh operating environment of offshore wind turbine, the condition monitoring system should have good self-healing ability. In this paper, the condition monitoring system of offshore wind turbine is built based on wireless sensor network technology. Focusing on the problem of blind monitoring area caused by sensor nodes failure in the monitoring system, a self-healing strategy is proposed for the monitoring system. By adjusting the sensing distance of the nodes, the blind monitoring area of the system can be repaired by itself. Based on the simulation analysis, it can be found that the blind monitoring area can be repaired in time by the self-healing strategy. At the same time, the total energy consumption and the number of redundant nodes of the system can be reduced significantly.

As one of the most sensitive detection technique, laser-induced fluorescence(LIF) detection has been applied to many fields such as biology, chemistry and medicine. The development of LIF detection technology is very fast. The recent advance in LIF detection system, fluorescence probes, fluorescence analytical technology and application is introduced. The latest progress in LIF laser source, optical fiber LIF system, multi-channel LIF system and LIF imaging is emphasized.

Freeze-thaw cycles have great harm to slope anchorage structure, and the theoretical system has not been formed because there are too many constraints and interrelations. This paper analyzes the failure principle and appearance of the slope under the freeze-thaw cycles and puts forward the prevention and control measures. On the whole, at this stage there is no way to raise the anchoring technology as a system to do the whole study. It is urgent to establish a complete concept and overall evaluation mechanism of rock and soil anchoring system, because it can give full play to the function of the favorable elements in the anchoring system and weaken the harm of the unfavorable elements so that the system can achieve the best working condition.

This paper proposes an optimal mobile sensor-scheduling algorithm for recovering the failure sensors in hybrid wireless sensor networks (WSNs). To maintain a guaranteed coverage over the area of interest, spare mobile sensors in WSNs will be activated to replace the failure sensors. The optimal scheduling problem is formulated into two optimization problems, one of which precisely determines the minimum value of the largest distance required to travel for mobile sensors, while the other one gives the optimal dispatch for mobile sensors to minimize the total travel distance. Furthermore, a distributed suboptimal scheduling, which only requires the local matching information of mobile sensors, is developed as well. Both regular and random network topologies are provided to illustrate the proposed algorithms in the simulation.

Due to the harsh environment, the maintenance of offshore wind turbines (OWTs) is very difficult and the failure rate is very high. Improving the condition monitoring technologies will be beneficial to promote the performance of OWTs. Motivated by the application advantages of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in environment monitoring, a wireless network based condition health monitoring system for OWTs is proposed, which is composed of different types of wireless sensor nodes. Sensor nodes are deployed on the key components of OWTs based on the fault feature analysis on the different components. In order to guarantee the reliabilities of information collection and communication of the sensor nodes, the principles of the deployment and communication of the sensor nodes are presented and the cluster-based distributed wireless sensor network topology is adopted to increase the efficiency of the system. An example is given to illustrate the proposed method of the condition health monitoring for OWTs.

A total of 3696 Ixodid ticks, collected from Hebei Province, China, were examined by a nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Forty-three (15.4%) of 280 pools tested, including 39 (14.6%) of 267 Haemaphysalis longicornis and four (30.8%) of 13 Dermacentor nuttalli, were positive, but no significant difference was found between D. nuttalli and H. longicornis (p0.05). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene indicated that A. phagocytophilum in China is genetically diverse. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence of A. phagocytophilum in ticks from Hebei Province, China, and the first documentation of Anaplasma infection in D. nuttalli.