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The mouse is an optimal animal model for kidney transplantation. Recent reports suggest that application of poloxamer 407, a thermosensitive in situ gel, during the sutureless technique significantly increases animal survival, compared to traditional methods. However, further improvement of this technology is greatly needed but remains unexplored. Here, we detected significant inflammation at the region of ureter anastomosis, after kidney transplantation using poloxamer 407. Since chemokines play a pivotal role during inflammation, we implanted an Alzet osmotic pump that gradually releases AMD3100 (a specific inhibitor of the binding of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) to its receptor, CXCR4) at the site of ureter anastomosis in mice that had undergone kidney transplantation. We found that AMD3100 significantly reduced local inflammation, significantly improved animal survival after kidney transplantation, and significantly improved kidney function. Together, these data suggest that inhibition of chemokine signaling at the site of ureter anastomosis may substantially improve animal survival after kidney transplantation through suppression of suturing-related inflammation.

Objective: To analyze the causes and the reoperation therapies after salvage limb surgery with prosthesis for bone tumors., Methods: The retrospective analysis was performed on 85 patients undergoing the limb salvage operation with prosthetic replacement for tumors from January 1994 to December 2004. Of the patients, 21 (13 males and 8 females, aged 18-58 years) underwent reoperations for various reasons. All the diagnoses were pathologically confirmed (10 patients with osteosarcoma, 4 with chondrosarcoma, 5 with giant cell tumor of the bone, 2 with osteofibrosarcoma). The distal femur was involved in 9 patients, proximal tibia in 8, proximal femur in 2, proximal humerus in 1, and acetabulum in 1. According to the Enneking surgical grading system, there were 5 patients in I B and 16 in II B. The time between the first operation and the reoperation was 2 weeks to 20 years. The common reasons for the reoperation were tumor recurrence in 8 patients, prosthetic loosening in 5, no healing of the incision in 4, joint dislocation in 3, and implant fracture in 1. The amputation and the prosthesis revision were respectively performed on 6 patients, extensive resection of the tumor on 3, the myo-skin flap translocation on 4, internal hemipelvectomy without reconstruction on 1, and open reduction on 1., Results: The follow-up in 18 patients for 1-5 years (average, 3 years and 4 months) revealed that 4 patients died of osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis. The other 14 patients had no tumor recurrence or loosening of the prosthesis, and the incisions healed well. The assessment on the joint function was performed on 13 of the 18 patients and the results were as follows: excellent in 2 patients, good in 5, fair in 4, and poor in 2, with a satisfaction rate of the reoperation with limb salvage of 84.6% and an excellent-good rate of 53.8%., Conclusion: Tumor recurrence is the most common reason for the reoperation after the limb salvage with prosthesis for tumors, and loosening of the prosthesis is an important reason, too. By the rules of the bone tumor limb savage, the limb salvage operations can also be performed, which can achieve a satisfactory result of the limb function.