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Modified activated carbon/carbon nanotubes (AC*/CNT*) composite electrode was used as the electrode in a capacitive deionization (CDI) process for desalination in this study. The morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the modified electrode were discussed, and the results showed that after modification, the specific surface area of AC* reached 672.48 m2/g, increased by 29.43%; while the specific surface area of CNT* was 117.39 m2/g, reduced by 9.94% due to the strong oxidation of the mixed acid, the pore volume of CNT* increased by 48.28%. The electrode regeneration test proved that the electrode had good cycling stability. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model could better describe the adsorption rate of the electrodes for ions and the desalination ratio of the AC*/CNT* electrode reached 7.11 mg/g; the Langmuir model could well describe the adsorption mechanism of capacitive deionization, and indicated that the adsorption process of CDI was near to single ion layer adsorption; the change trend of electric mobility with migration time could be well fitted by exponential equations. This study explored a novel composite electrode coating, and initially explored the behavioral characteristics and trends of CDI technology.

Recent research determined that the conventional flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater zero liquid discharge(ZLD)processes have many limitations, such as long process, high investment, high operating cost, and maintenance. In this experimental study, a FGD wastewater was evaporated using the exhausted heat from the flue gas in a 330 MW coal-fired power plant. The numerical simulation and engineering practice results were compared, and the key operating parameters were obtained, such as boiler load conditions, the ratio number of droplets captured by the flue wall to the total number of droplets, optimization of atomizing nozzle layout, the atomization droplet diameter, flue gas enthalpy value, accurate calculation on the change of flue gas, and fly ash characteristics after the injection of FGD wastewater. We found that under different boiler load conditions, the higher temperature and the faster the speed of the flue gas, the less time it takes for the complete evaporation of the wastewater droplets. Different amounts of FGD wastewater can be completely dried, the properties of fly ash do not change much, and no negative impacts were found on the downstream process. Moreover, it was found that when the optimum atomization cone angle of a single flue structure was 65°, the size of vortex inversely proportional related to the distance between sprayer and the wall of flue duct, that was conducive to the continuous diffusion of the local droplets in the nozzle region to other regions. This wastewater evaporation treatment method is a feasible technology for ZLD of FGD wastewater with characteristics of short process, lower investment, low operating cost, and less maintenance than conventional membrane method for wastewater reduction and evaporative crystallization system.

The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects and toxicity of S-1 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Through a search of the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang system and Chongqing VIP Information (CQVIP), the efficacy and side effects data of S-1 combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of NPC patients from open published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected. The pooled complete response (CR), partial response (PR), objective response rate (ORR), 2-year survival rate and treatment related toxicity were analyzed by Stata12.0 software. Eight RCTs with 599 cases were included and analyzed in this meta-analysis. The general quality of the 8 studies were deemed as having moderate risk of bias. Adequate sequence generation was reported in 4 studies. Incomplete outcome data address was reported in 7 publications. Five studies indicated to be free of selective reporting. Seven studies reported the treatment complete response (CR) between S-1 combined with radiotherapy and radiotherapy alone. With significant heterogeneity, the data was pooled by random effect model. The pooled results indicated that S-1 combined with radiotherapy can significant increase the CR rate compared to radiotherapy alone (RR=1.52, 95%CI:1.33-1.74, P0.05). For the effect size of objective response rate (ORR), pooled results indicated that S-1 combined with radiotherapy can significantly increased the ORR by random effect model (RR=1.39, 95%CI:1.23-1.57, P0.05) and radiodermatitis (RR=0.93, 95%CI:0.77-1.12, P