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China’s construction of high-speed rail has accomplished outstanding achievements that have drawn attention from around the world and have played a significant role in driving economic and social development. To investigate the reasons behind the competition between neighboring cities in the region during the process of setting up a high-speed railroad station, the economic principles of high-speed railway construction and operation station setup and its role effect are analyzed using the theories of investment multiplier, spatial spillover, and pole-axis. This is intended to solve the mystery surrounding the competition for the station between neighboring regions and offer theoretical support for the science of high-speed railway station setup. The result of the study demonstrates that the construction and operation of high-speed railway has significant spatial spillover effects that effectively enhance local employment levels and promote the coordinated development of the regional economy along the routes, in addition to having multiplier effects on national income that cause the regional economy to grow exponentially.

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) have demonstrated effectiveness in treating various cancers, particularly exhibiting specificity in targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. Recent advancements in phase 3 clinical trials have broadened current understanding of ADCs, especially trastuzumab deruxtecan, in treating other HER2‐expressing malignancies. This expansion of knowledge has led to the US Food and Drug Administration's approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2‐positive and HER2‐low breast cancer, HER2‐positive gastric cancer, and HER2‐mutant nonsmall cell lung cancer. Concurrent with the increasing use of ADCs in oncology, there is growing concern among health care professionals regarding the rise in the incidence of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis (ILD/p), which is associated with anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. Studies on anti‐HER2 ADCs have reported varying ILD/p mortality rates. Consequently, it is crucial to establish guidelines for the diagnosis and management of ILD/p in patients receiving anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. To this end, a panel of Chinese experts was convened to formulate a strategic approach for the identification and management of ILD/p in patients treated with anti‐HER2 ADC therapy. This report presents the expert panel's opinions and recommendations, which are intended to guide the management of ILD/p induced by anti‐HER2 ADC therapy in clinical practice. Antihuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody–drug conjugate therapies offer significant benefits for treating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive cancers but carry risks of interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, which, although generally manageable, requires strict adherence to evaluation and treatment guidelines to mitigate severe outcomes. This consensus from Chinese experts provides strategic recommendations for managing such risks, aiming to enhance real‐world adverse event management and improve the therapeutic safety profile of these agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Fruquintinib is approved in China for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) who progressed after 2 lines of chemotherapy. This postmarketing study was conducted to evaluate the safety of fruquintinib in the Chinese population, including previously treated patients with advanced CRC and other solid tumors. Methods Patients in the first cycle of fruquintinib or expected to start fruquintinib within a week were enrolled. Fruquintinib was administrated according to the label or per physicians' discretion. Patient characteristics and safety information were collected at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after consent (or 30 days after the last dose). Results Overall, 3005 patients enrolled between April 24, 2019 and September 27, 2022. All enrolled patients received at least one dose of fruquintinib. Most patients had metastases at baseline. The median age was 60 years. More than half (64.0%) of the patients started fruquintinib at 5 mg, and the median treatment exposure was 2.7 months. Nearly one-third (32.5%) of patients with CRC received fruquintinib with concomitant antineoplastic agents. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) leading to dose modification were reported in 626 (20.8%) patients, and 469 (15.6%) patients experienced TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation. The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs were hypertension (6.6%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (2.2%), and platelet count decreased (1.0%). Combination therapy did not lead to excessive toxicities. Conclusions The safety profile of fruquintinib in the real world was generally consistent with that in clinical studies, and the incidence of TEAEs was numerically lower than known VEGF/VEGFR inhibitor-related AEs. Fruquintinib exhibited manageable safety and tolerability in Chinese patients in the real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inefficient conversion of lead iodide to perovskite has become one of the major challenges in further improving the performance of perovskite solar cells fabricated by the two‐step method. Herein, the discontinuous lead iodide layer realized by introduction of a polyfluorinated organic diammonium salt, octafluoro‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diyl)‐dimethanaminium (OFPP) iodide which does not form low‐dimensional perovskites, can enable the satisfactory conversion of lead iodide into perovskite, leading to meliorated crystallinity and enlarged grains in the OFPP modulated perovskite (OFPP‐PVK) film. Combined with the effective defect passivation, the OFPP‐PVK films show enhanced charge mobility and suppressed charge recombination. Accordingly, the OFPP‐based perovskite solar cells exhibit a champion efficiency of 24.76 % with better device stability. Moreover, a superior efficiency of 21.04 % was achieved in a large‐area perovskite module (100 cm2). Our work provides a unique insight into the function of organic diammonium additive in boosting photovoltaic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic perovskite CsPbI3 is widely recognized as a promising material for photovoltaic applications in single-junction or tandem solar cells. However, the spontaneous phase transition of CsPbI3 remains a crucial obstacle to commercialization. In this study, we propose a surface engineering approach using a tetra-n-butylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) ionic liquid to prevent the perovskite-to-non-perovskite phase transition induced by moisture. The experimental results demonstrate that by chemically bonding excess lead iodide (PbI2) with a tetrabutylammonium cation (TBA+), a low-dimensional stable and hydrophobic material called [TBA]PbI3 was achieved, which effectively enhances the stability of the CsPbI3 perovskite structure. Furthermore, we found that the hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6−) can effectively passivate surface iodine vacancies and interact with uncoordinated Pb2+. Consequently, the CsPbI3-based perovskite solar cells (C-PSCs) employing the TBAPF6 treatment achieved an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.47%. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices retained more than 70% of their initial PCE after being stored in ambient air for 168 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamondiferous kimberlites occur in the Wafangdian area in the eastern part of the North China Craton (NCC). In order to better constrain their magmatic source and emplacement time, we have investigated apatite from two kimberlites, i.e., the #110 dike kimberlite and the #50 root-zone kimberlite by measuring in situ their U–Pb and Sr–Nd isotopic compositions. The crystallization ages of the #110 and #50 apatites are 460.9 ± 16.8 Ma and 455.4 ± 19.3 Ma, respectively. For the #50 apatite, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70453–0.70613 and εNd(t) = −2.74 to −4.52. For the #110 apatite, 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70394–0.70478 and εNd(t) = −3.46 to −5.65. Based on the similar distribution patterns of the rare earth elements (REEs) and the similar Sr-Nd isotope compositions of the apatite, it is believed that the #110 and #50 kimberlites have the same source region and the kimberlite magmas in Wafangdian were derived from an enriched mantle source (EMI). The primary magmatic composition has little effect on the emplacement pattern. It is more likely that the geological environment played an important role in controlling the retention and removal of volatile components (H2O and CO2). This led to the different evolutionary paths of the kimberlite magma in the later period, resulting in differences in the major element compositions of the apatite. High Sr concentrations may be associated with hydrothermal (H2O-rich fluid) overprinting events in the later magmatic period; the higher light rare earth element (LREE) concentration of the #50 apatite reflects the involvement of the REE3+ + SiO44− ⇔ Ca2+ + PO43− replacement mechanism. Two emplacement patterns of the #110 dike kimberlite (#110 apatite, low Sr, and high Si) and the #50 root-zone (#50 apatite, high Sr, and low Si) kimberlites were identified via major element analysis of the #110 apatite and #50 apatite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]