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C20H12Cl2N2O4S2Pb, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.2710(4) Å, b = 16.7810(4) Å, c = 9.6857(2) Å, β = 96.5550(1)°, V = 2142.91(9) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0314, wRref(F2) = 0.0807, T = 150.0 K.

Hemp fibers, recognized for their breathability, specific strength, and ultraviolet resistance, are widely utilized in textile manufacturing and composite materials. Bio-degumming is a promising alternative technology to traditional chemical degumming that can be used to produce hemp fibers due to its eco-friendly nature. However, its lower efficiency has hindered its widespread adoption. The unclear and complex structure of the gums leads to a poor understanding on the enzyme types required for bio-degumming, thereby restricting improvements in its efficiency. In this study, the morphological characteristics, polysaccharide composition, and branched structure of hemp stem, roving fibers, and refined fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy in combination with immunofluorescence techniques, with a view to identify the enzymes necessary for the efficient bio-degumming of hemp. The results revealed that the gums were primarily located in the middle lamella, phloem parenchyma, and certain xylem tissues. These tissues showed chunk-like, fence-like, and plate-like shapes, respectively, and tightly wrapped around the fiber bundles. In these tissues, pectin comprised low-esterified homogalacturonan, along with rhamnogalacturonan carrying galactan and arabinan branches. Xylan exhibited acetyl, arabinose, and glucuronic acid branches, while mannan displayed acetyl and galactose branches. Partial xylan and mannan were masked by pectin, and the branching structures impeded their enzymatic removal. As a consequence, the necessary enzymes and their synergistic effects for effective hemp roving degumming were elucidated. Pectin degradation was facilitated by pectate lyase and rhamnogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. Xylan and mannan were effectively removed by endo-xylanase and endo-mannanase, a process necessitating the synergistic action of branched-chain-degrading enzymes, including the esterase, α-L-arabinofuranosidase, α-galactosidase, and α-glucuronidase. This study provided practical strategies to enhance the efficiency of hemp bio-degumming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), this research focuses on the differences and mechanisms of intergenerational educational transmission between left-behind and non-left-behind children using structural equation modeling and multi-group path analysis. The findings indicate that significant intergenerational educational transmission effects exist in both groups, with parental educational attainment significantly impacting children's academic performance. Further mediation analysis demonstrates that parental educational attainment influences children's academic performance through the chain mediation effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations. Multi-group path analysis reveals distinct mechanisms affecting academic performance: among non-left-behind children, parental educational attainment exerts a stronger direct influence on academic performance, while self-educational expectations are more influential for left-behind children. Additionally, the path coefficients for the effects of parental educational expectations and self-educational expectations on academic performance are higher for left-behind children than for non-left-behind children. Consequently, educational interventions should focus on enabling parents of left-behind children to effectively convey educational expectations through indirect methods (e.g., phone or online communication) and on enhancing left-behind children's self-educational expectations through school and community support to facilitate academic achievement in the absence of direct family support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/significance] From the perspective of complex networks, the development and evolution characteristics of regional patents in the field of patentee cooperation and patent applications are studied, this paper provides some reference for research methods of regional patents. [Method/process] Based on invented patent information from 1985 to 2020 in Yangzhou area, this paper researched the development and evolution of regional patents by using complex network method, and got respective results of patentee cooperation networks and the IPC technology classification cooperation network of three periods, such as degree distribution of networks, node-pair degree distribution, act-size distribution, clustering coefficient and the homogeneity. [Result/conclusion] Through the analysis of statistical results, this study finds that the cooperation between patentees has not been increased with the growth of the network (patent application volume), and under different periods, there are independent patent holders of most patents. Viewed from the IPC technology classification cooperation network, the vast majority of patents cover two IPC technology fields (according to the IPC classification number category), the intersection of technology field of patents also did not strengthen with the development of the network. In addition, the project size of the IPC technology classification cooperation network shows a power law distribution at different times in the development of the network, that is, according to the IPC classification number category, the number of patents contained in each IPC classification number indicates that most patents are concentrated on a small number of IPC technology fields.

Variations in the petal color of Brassica napus are crucial for ornamental value, but the controlled loci for breeding remain to be unraveled. Here, we report a candidate locus, AGR-FC.C3, having conducted a bulked segregant analysis on a segregating population with different petal colors. Our results showed that the locus covers 9.46 Mb of the genome, harboring 951 genes. BnaC03.MYB4, BnaC03.MYB85, BnaC03.MYB73, BnaC03.MYB98, and BnaC03.MYB102 belonging to MYB TFs families that might regulate the petal color were observed. Next, a bulk RNA sequencing of white and orange-yellow petals on three development stages was performed to further identify the possible governed genes. The results revealed a total of 51 genes by overlapping the transcriptome data and the bulked segregant analysis data, and it was found that the expression of BnaC03.CCD4 was significantly up-regulated in the white petals at three development stages. Then, several novel candidate genes such as BnaC03.ENDO3, BnaC03.T22F8.180, BnaC03.F15C21.8, BnaC03.Q8GSI6, BnaC03.LSD1, BnaC03.MAP1Da, BnaC03.MAP1Db, and BnaC03G0739700ZS putative to controlling the petal color were identified through deeper analysis. Furthermo re, we have developed two molecular markers for the reported functional gene BnaC03.CCD4 to discriminate the white and orange-yellow petal colors. Our results provided a novel locus for breeding rapeseed with multi-color petals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "[Retracted] Tanshinone IIA improves hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy through TLR-4-mediated NF-κB signal pathway" published in Molecular Medicine Reports in 2018 has been retracted due to concerns raised by a reader regarding similarities in data with other published articles. The Editor decided to retract the paper as certain data had already been published elsewhere prior to submission or were under consideration for publication at the same time. The authors were asked for an explanation but did not provide a satisfactory reply. The retraction was made to maintain the integrity of the journal. [Extracted from the article]