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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.036 Byline: Yong Liu (a), Michael J. Fry (b), Amitabh S. Raturi (c) Keywords: Supply chain management; Inventory; Pricing Abstract: We investigate the operational decisions and resulting profits for a supply chain facing price-dependent demand under a policy where there is an ex-ante commitment made on the retail price markup. We obtain closed-form solutions for this policy under the assumption of a multiplicative demand function and we analytically compare its performance with that of a traditional price-only policy. We compare these results to results obtained when demand follows a linear additive form. These formulations are shown to be qualitatively different as the manufacturer's wholesale pricing decision is independent of the retail price markup commitment in the multiplicative case, but not when demand is linear additive. We demonstrate that the ex-ante commitment can lead to Pareto-improving solutions under linear additive demand, but not under the multiplicative demand function. We also consider the effect of pricing power in the supply chain by varying who determines the retail price markup. Author Affiliation: (a) HSBC, 2700 Sanders Road, Prospect Heights, IL 60070, United States (b) Department of Quantitative Analysis and Operations Management, University of Cincinnati, 532 Lindner Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0130, United States (c) Department of Quantitative Analysis and Operations Management, University of Cincinnati, 530 Lindner Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0130, United States Article History: Received 4 January 2007; Accepted 31 August 2007

This paper models a type of vendor-managed inventory (VMI) agreement that occurs in practice called a (z, Z) contract. We investigate the savings due to better coordination of production and [...]

Studies of cellular targets of Ras proteins responsible for the biological effects of Ras reveal a new phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI(3)K) that facilitates direct downstream signal transmissions from Ras. The catalytic domain of PI(3)K binds to the GTP-bound form of Ras through the Ras effector site. Growth factor-initiated generation of 3' phosphorylated phosphoinositides in PC12 cells is suppressed by dominant negative Ras mutant N17, and Ras transfection into COS cells increases PI(3)K lipid levels.

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