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To identify key traits brought about by citrus domestication, we have analyzed the transcriptomes of the pulp of developing fruitlets of inedible wild Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), acidic Sun Chu Sha Kat mandarin (C. reticulata) and three palatable segregants of a cross between commercial Clementine (C. x clementina) and W. Murcott (C. x reticulata) mandarins, two pummelo/mandarin admixtures of worldwide distribution. RNA-seq comparison between the wild citrus and the ancestral sour mandarin identified 7267 differentially expressed genes, out of which 2342 were mapped to 117 KEGG pathways. From the remaining genes, a set of 2832 genes was functionally annotated and grouped into 45 user-defined categories. The data suggest that domestication promoted fundamental growth processes to the detriment of the production of chemical defenses, namely, alkaloids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, glucosinolates and cyanogenic glucosides. In the papeda, the generation of energy to support a more active secondary metabolism appears to be dependent upon upregulation of glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, Calvin cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP-citrate lyase and GABA pathways. In the acidic mandarin, downregulation of cytosolic citrate degradation was concomitant with vacuolar citrate accumulation. These changes affected nitrogen and carbon allocation in both species leading to major differences in organoleptic properties since the reduction of unpleasant secondary metabolites increases palatability while acidity reduces acceptability. The comparison between the segregants and the acidic mandarin identified 357 transcripts characterized by the occurrence in the three segregants of additional downregulation of secondary metabolites and basic structural cell wall components. The segregants also showed upregulation of genes involved in the synthesis of methyl anthranilate and furaneol, key substances of pleasant fruity aroma and flavor, and of sugar transporters relevant for sugar accumulation. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis in developing and ripe fruit of a set of genes previously associated with citric acid accumulation, demonstrated that lower acidity is linked to downregulation of these regulatory genes in the segregants. The results suggest that the transition of inedible papeda to sour mandarin implicated drastic gene expression reprograming of pivotal pathways of the primary and secondary metabolism, while palatable mandarins evolved through progressive refining of palatability properties, especially acidity.

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and ingestive behavior of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass and fed diets containing 40% carnauba or tucum fruits. Twenty-one male castrated goats were distributed into three groups, one exclusively on pasture and the other two on pasture and fed diet supplemented at the level of 1.5% body weight (BW) in a completely randomized design. The intake of the supplements was obtained by difference between the amount supplied and the leftovers, with weighing performed every seven days, while pasture intake was determined using titanium dioxide (TiO2) as external indicator. Ingestive behavior was evaluated for three days. The supplement containing carnauba fruit resulted in a greater intake of neutral detergent fiber (0.137 kg NDF/day), with a reduction of 8.61% in the pasture dry matter (DM) intake of goats. Associated with the intake of pasture nutrients, the tucum fruit diet met the protein (0.103 kg CP/day) and energetic (0.547 kg TDN/day) requirements of goats with intake set at 0.124 kg CP/day and 0.572 kg TDN/day, with higher weight gain (0.111 kg/day) and larger loin eye area (12.76 cm2). The supplementation with fruits influenced the grazing behavior of goats, increasing the idle time by 1 h in relation to animals not supplemented. The supplementation of growing goats grazing on Tanzania guinea grass pasture with a diet containing 40% tucum fruit, in the proportion of 1.5% BW, did not meet the nutritional requirements for gain of 150 g/day; however, it met requirements for maintenance and average gain of 111 g/day. Energy supplementation reduces the grazing time of goats; thus, it is necessary to consider the level and formulation of supplements, with the possibility of increasing the stocking rate and productivity per unit area. Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-05T00:31:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC2019Performance.pdf: 343855 bytes, checksum: cb6042686973e7fe05a76e7c2458b1d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de obtener el diagnóstico de los residuos de plaguicidas provenientes del control químico en campo y post cosecha y la detección en jugo y pulpa y jugo concentrado provenientes de diferentes fábricas. Estas actividades se realizan en el marco del convenio de asistencia técnica INTA – Coca Cola. EEA Concordia Fil: Kulczycki Waskowicz, Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia. Área Frutales. Laboratorio Residuos de Pesticidas; Argentina Fil: Sosa, Alexis Lionel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia. Área Frutales. Laboratorio Residuos de Pesticidas; Argentina

92 p., The current hectic lifestyle and the lack of time makes consumption habits have changed, the poor diet derived from fast and unhealthy food create health problems that are currently affecting the world society: diabetes, obesity, heart problems , bone problems and cancer are some diseases that can be generated from poor diet. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of Lactobacillus rhamnosus as a probiotic potential in handcrafted fruit pulp in the city of Cúcuta because most products with probiotics are developed in a milk matrix., El agitado estilo de vida actual y la falta de tiempo hace que los hábitos de consumo hayan cambiado, la mala alimentación derivada de la comida rápida y poco saludable crean problemas de salud que actualmente están afectando a la sociedad mundial: diabetes, obesidad, problemas cardiacos, problemas óseos y cáncer son algunas enfermedades que se pueden generar de una mala alimentación. El objetivo principal de este estudio es evaluar la eficiencia de Lactobacillus rhamnosus como potencial probiótico en pulpas de fruta elaboradas artesanalmente en la ciudad de Cúcuta debido a que la mayoría de los productos con probióticos se encuentran desarrollados en una matriz láctea., Pregrado, Bacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico, INTRODUCCIÓN 16 1. PROBLEMA 18 1.1 PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 18 1.2 FORMULACIÓN DEL PROBLEMA 20 1.3.1 Objetivo general 20 1.3.2 Objetivos específicos 20 1.4 JUSTIFICACIÓN 20 2. MARCO REFERENCIAL 22 2.1 ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN 22 2.2.1 Alimentos funcionales. 25 2.2.2 Probióticos. 27 2.2.3 Efectos sobre Ia salud y mecanismos de acción de los probióticos. 28 2.2.3 Lactobacillus rhamnosus. 30 2.2.4 Frutas y hortalizas como alimento funcional. 32 2.2.5.1 Composición. 33 2.3 MARCO CONCEPTUAL. 38 2.4 MARCO LEGAL 41 2.6 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 41 2.6 SISTEMA DE HIPÓTESIS 42 2.6.1 Hipótesis de Investigación. 42 2.6.2 Hipótesis Nula. 42 2.7 MATRIZ OPERATIVA DE LAS VARIABLES 43 12 3. MARCO METODOLÓGICO. 44 3.1.1 Nivel de investigación. 44 3.1.2 Diseño de investigación 44 3.2 MATERIALES Y METÓDOS 44 3.2.1 Recursos materiales. 44 3.2.2 Métodos. 44 3.3.1 Población. 48 3.3.2 Muestra. 48 3.3.3 Muestreo. 48 3.4 VALIDEZ Y CONFIABILIDAD 48 3.5 TÉCNICAS E INSTRUMENTOS DE RECOLECCIÓN DE DATOS 48 3.6 TÉCNICAS DE PROCESAMIENTO Y ANÁLISIS DE DATOS 48 4. ANALISIS E INTERPRETACION DE RESULTADOS 49 4.1.2 Viabilidad de Lactobacillus rhamnosus. 50 4.1.3 Propiedades fisicoquímicas. 52 4.1.3.1 Análisis de varianza del % Acidez . 54 4.1.4 Características organolépticas. 61 4.2 DISCUSIÓN 66 5. ARTICULO CIENTIFICO 70 INTRODUCCION 71 BIBLIOGRAFIA 78 6. CONCLUSIONES 79 7. RECOMENTACIONES 80 BIBLIOGRAFIA 78 ANEXOS 87, Ej. 1

En los últimos años, Colombia ha suscrito varios tratados de libre comercio y uno de los más recientes fue el firmado con Corea del Sur en el año 2016 -- Los mencionados acuerdos abren las puertas al intercambio comercial, que debe verse fortalecido por esfuerzos gubernamentales, entre ellos la creación y difusión de la marca de país -- Esta investigación tiene como objetivo explorar la incidencia de la marca de país para la generación de valor a la oferta exportable de pulpa de fruta congelada desde Colombia hacia Corea del Sur -- Es un estudio de corte cualitativo y exploratorio a partir de fuentes primarias, como entrevistas a expertos del sector, productores y exportadores, y también de fuentes secundarias, que incluyen noticias de prensa, artículos publicados y documentos de la entidad gubernamental ProColombia -- Entre los principales resultados se evidenció que la marca de país es importante para la generación de valor en la exportación de productos por el respaldo y la denominación de origen, lo que incide en la buena imagen que percibe el consumidor -- Además, se encontró que el potencial con el que cuenta Colombia para impulsar las exportaciones aún no ha sido lo suficientemente explotado, lo que se debe en gran medida a una falta de iniciativa de los productores, a la poca capacitación técnica y, en el caso de los pequeños exportadores, a un escaso apoyo de las entidades gubernamentales -- Esta investigación pretende dejar en evidencia la oportunidad existente para la exportación de pulpa de fruta al utilizar como generador de valor la marca de país CO, que es parte fundamental del engranaje entre oferta y demanda, In recent years, Colombia has signed several free trade agreements, one of the most recent was signed with South Korea in 2016 -- Free trade agreements open the doors to trade, and trade must be strengthened by Government efforts, like the creation and diffusion of the country brand -- This research aims to explore the incidence of the country brand for the value generation to the exportable offer of frozen fruit pulp from Colombia to South Korea -- It is a qualitative and exploratory study based on primary sources such as interviews with industry experts, producers and exporters, and secondary sources including press news, published articles and documents of the governmental entity ProColombia -- Among the main results, it is evident that the country brand is important for the generation of value in the export of products by the endorsement and denomination of origin, which affects the good image perceived by the consumer -- Additionally, it is found that the Colombia´s potential to boost exports, hasn´t yet been sufficiently exploited -- This is largely due to a lack of producer initiative, poor technical training and, in the case of small exporters, little support from government entities -- This research intends to highlight the existing opportunity for the export of fruit pulp using as a value generator the CO country mark, being a fundamental part of the link between supply and demand

The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe (QuEChERS) method was applied to the extraction of 14 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues from commercial fruit pulps available in supermarkets in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil. The analyses were carried out by gas chromatography (GC), coupled to an electron-capture detector (ECD), and were confirmed by GC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS). The parameters of the analytical method, such as accuracy, precision, linear range, limits of detection and quantification, were determined for each pesticide. The results showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9916) and the overall average recoveries were considered satisfactory obtaining values between 69 and 110%, RSD of 2-15 %, except for hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in acai, acerola and guava pulp samples. The OCPs were detected in guava (α-HCH; lindane) and soursop (α, β-HCH isomers) samples. The QuEChERS method and GC-ECD were successfully used to analyze OCPs in commercially available Brazilian fruit pulps and can be applied in routine analytical laboratories.

Neste trabalho, foram caracterizados seis tipos de material inerte, utilizados na secagem de polpa de frutas em leito de jorro. Determinou-se o ângulo de repouso das partículas, com e sem adição de água e de polpa de diversas frutas tropicais. Correlacionou-se a escoabilidade com as propriedades das partículas e com a composição química das polpas. Analisou-se a influência do ângulo de repouso sobre o desempenho do secador, no que se refere à produção. Os resultados mostraram que, em geral, as polpas com elevadas concentrações de gordura e sólidos insolúveis e baixos teores de açúcares redutores, facilitam a escoabilidade. Uma análise dos resultados obtidos na secagem de polpa de frutas tropicais, utilizando-se partículas de poliestireno de baixa densidade, como material inerte, mostrou que, embora a escoabilidade permita a obtenção de menores vazões de jorro mínimo, em relação ao desempenho do secador, pode não favorecer uma produção maior de pó.In this work six types of inert particles were characterized and analyzed for drying tropical fruit pulps. The repose angle was determined with and without the addition of water and pulp of various tropical fruits. The bed flowability was related to the particle properties and chemical composition of pulps. The influence of the repose angle on the drying performance was analyzed. It was also verified that the composition of pulps influenced the bed flowability. The global analysis showed that the pulps with high lipids and insoluble solids content and low reducing sugar content improved the bed flowability. The results obtained with the drying of the fruit pulps using low-density polystyrene granules as inert particles showed that high flowabilities lead to lower minimum spout flow rates, but do not necessarily lead to the highest powder production.

Foram analisadas 98 amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas de 8 sabores diferentes, comercializadas em uma feira livre da cidade de Palmas-TO. Foram determinados o pH das polpas, Número Mais Provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (NMP.g-1) e Unidades Formadoras de Colônia de bolores e leveduras (UFC.g-1). O pH médio das polpas variou entre 2,5 e 4,8. Apenas 5 amostras (4,3%) apresentaram resultados positivos para coliformes totais e duas confirmaram a presença de coliformes termotolerantes e E. coli, com valores entre 0,3 e 0,9 NMP.g-1. Noventa por cento das amostras apresentaram contaminação por bolores e leveduras, sendo que as contagens variaram de < 10 até 6,2 x 10(4) UFC.g-1. Dentre as amostras que apresentaram bolores e leveduras, 29,6 % não se enquadraram nos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor.Ninety-eight frozen pulps samples of eight different flavors commercialized in the city of Palmas, State of Tocantins, Brazil, were submitted to pH and microbiological analysis. The microbiological analysis included counts for total and termotolerant coliforms (MPN.g-1) and the determination of moulds and yeasts (CFU.g-1). The pH was rate was 2.5 and 4.8. Five samples (4.3%) showed coliform contamination and two of them presented E. coli showing values between 0.3 and 0.9 MPN.g-1. 90% of the samples showed levels of moulds and yeast ranging from

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue el determinar algunos de los indicadores de vida útil, higiene y condiciones del proceso y almacenamiento, la asociación entre la pulpa de la fruta y microorganismos patógenos de pulpas de guanábana, mango y maracuyá provenientes de las principales cadenas de supermercados de la gran área metropolitana (GAM) de San José, Costa Rica, así como examinar la potencial presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en ellas. Se analizó un total de 60 muestras, a las cuales se les determinó su pH así como su recuento total aerobio, recuento de mohos y levaduras, bacterias lácticas, número más probable de coliformes totales y fecales y la presencia o ausencia de Listeria monocytogenes en 25 g del producto. Los rangos de pH encontrados en las pulpas variaron entre 3,1 y 3,9 y los recuentos obtenidos fueron relativamente bajos a excepción de los provenientes de una industria. Ninguna de las muestras analizadas presentó coliformes totales ni fecales. Se confirmó la presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en tres muestras, todas provenientes de la industria C. Los bajos recuentos obtenidos pueden deberse a la adición de sustancias preservantes pero también porque son productos pasteurizados; la falta de estos dos elementos puede significar la presencia de bacterias tan peligrosas como Listeria monocytogenes. The objective of this work was to determine some of the indicators associated to shelf life, hygiene, process and storage conditions for some of custard apple, mango and passion fruit pulps distributed by the main supermarket chains of the Metropolitan Area of San José, Costa Rica, as well as to examine the potential presence of Listeria monocytogenes in them. Sixty fruit pulp samples were analyzed. Tests included pH determination, total aerobic plate count, yeasts and mold count, lactic bacteria count, total and fecal most probable number and the presence/absence of Listeria monocytogenes in 25 g of the product. Fruit pulp’s pH ranged between 3,1 and 3,9, and the microbiological counts obtained were relatively low except for one industry. None of the samples analyzed presented total or fecal coliforms. The presence of Listeria monocytogenes was confirmed in three samples, all of them coming from industry C. Low microbiological counts obtained may be due to the addition of preserving substances and to the pasteurization of some of the products; lack of these two elements may allow the presence of dangerous bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes.

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The development of healthy products, easy to transport and consume, is a growing need. This study's main objective was to analyze the dietary fiber in fruit and vegetables IV and V range using specific analytical methodologies. Fruit and vegetable pulps (V range) were used, as well as minimally processed carrot (IV range) subjected to different pre-treatments : heat treatment, UV radiation, ripping and their combinations - followed or not by storage at 5°C for 7 days. The pulps with pear base proved to be considerably richer in dietary fiber than the apple pulps. These results are due to higher pear dietary fiber content and the high percentage of this fruit in the composition of that type of pulps, reinforced by the presence of vegetables like beets. Concerning minimally processed carrot, the immediate effect of applying singular or combined abiotic treatments on total dietary fiber content was not evident. However, the insoluble component increased considerably, probably due to the lignification process. Unlike, the content of soluble fiber registered a large decreased. These results show that, overall, the minimum processing applied to carrot does not affect the dietary fiber content, leading however to a change in fiber composition, which does not compromise its nutritional value, becoming probably more effective in regulating intestinal transit.

The growth of the Brazilian agribusiness has been one of the main points affected by the country's current economic growth. This activity has aspects an important element of managerial control, as it affects aspects that relate impacts to soil, air, water and visual. This work consists of a detailed survey of industries from fruit pulp of the state of Rio Grande do Norte / Brazil, and the deposition and the environmental impact of its waste, defining the main elements to be considered in the environmental management of these enterprises. It also aims, through a literature search to propose new alternatives for the recycling of waste from these industries as food and animal feed. Associating a concept of responsibility and sustainability to the life cycle of these products., RESUMO – O crescimento da agroindústria brasileira vem sendo um dos principais pontos afetados pelo crescimento econômico atual do país. Essa atividade tem nos aspectos gerenciais um importante elemento de controle, visto que afeta aspectos que relacionam impactos ao solo, ar, água e visual. Este trabalho consta de um levantamento da situação das indústrias de beneficiamento de polpas de frutas do estado do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil, quanto a deposição e ao impacto ambiental de seus resíduos, definindo os principais elementos a serem considerados no gerenciamento ambiental destes empreendimentos. Procura, também, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica propor novas alternativas para o reaproveitamento dos resíduos destas indústrias como alimento humano e ração animal. Associando um conceito de responsabilidade e sustentabilidade ao ciclo de vida dos referidos produtos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_amp_dr_botfca.pdf: 620583 bytes, checksum: 089d53867bd033e30318c49dd9e5faa8 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análise isotópica em polpas, sucos tropicais e néctares de manga e de goiaba comercializados no Brasil, quantificando o carbono proveniente de plantas dos ciclos fotossintéticos C3 (manga e goiaba) e C4 (açúcar de cana) para detectar possíveis adulterações nesses produtos. Secundariamente, parâmetros físico-químicos, teores de nutrientes e valores energéticos foram determinados para verificar se os mesmos obedeciam a padrões estabelecidos por lei. Com base na legislação brasileira, foi criado um limite de legalidade (porcentagem mínima de fonte C3) específico para cada tipo de produto. As análises isotópicas das polpas, sucos tropicais e néctares de manga e de goiaba forneceram as concentrações de carbono C3 desses produtos, as quais foram comparadas com seus respectivos limites de legalidade, verificando se os fabricantes estavam cumprindo com as normas da legislação vigente. Esses produtos também foram analisados físico-quimicamente (ºBrix, pH, acidez total e açúcares totais, além do teor de ácido ascórbico nas bebidas de goiaba), bem como tiveram seus teores de nutrientes (carboidratos, proteínas e gorduras totais) e valores energéticos estimados por meio de análise centesimal. Dentre os vinte e dois produtos de manga e os dezoito de goiaba analisados, três amostras de polpas de manga nãonão estavam de acordo com os Padrões de Identidade e Qualidade quanto às análisesfísico-químicas. No entanto, isotopicamente, sete produtos de manga foram classificados como ilegais, sendo três sucos tropicais adoçados, um não adoçado e três néctares convencionais, assim como quatro produtos de goiaba, sendo uma amostra de suco tropical adoçado, duas de não adoçado e uma de néctar light. A maioria desses produtos teve seus teores de nutrientes e valores energéticos informados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico aba The objective of this work was to carry out isotopic analysis in mango and guava pulps, tropical juices and nectars sold in Brazil, quantifying carbon C3 (mango and guava) and C4 (sugar cane) in order to detect likely adulteration in these products. Secondly, physico-chemical parameters, nutrients contents and energy values were determined to verify if these products complied with standards established by law. Based in the Brazilian legislation, a specific legality limit was created (minimum percentage of C3 source) for each type product. The isotopic analyses of commercial mango and guava pulps, tropical juices and nectars provided the concentrations of C3 carbon in these products which were compared to their respective legality limit, verifying if the commercial producers were respecting the current legislation rules. These products were also physically-chemically analyzed (ºBrix, pH, total acidity and total sugars, in addition to ascorbic acid in guava beverages), and had their nutrients contents (carbohydrates, protein and total fat) and energy values estimated by centesimal analysis. Out of the twenty two mango and eighteen guava products analyzed, three mango pulps weren‟t in accordance to the Identity and Quality Standards as to physical-chemical analyses. However, isotopically, seven mango... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia In a modern and active society in which everything goes frenetically, functional foods appear in the food context as “the future”. In this recent study a fruit pulp enhanced with prebiotics, commercial inulin and chicory extract was developed. In the first phase of this study, began the process of establishing the aqueous extraction conditions of inulin from chicory root parings and the spray-drying of the obtained extracts. After checking that the extracts presented some unwanted sensorial characteristics, an alkalinization was conducted. In order to evaluate the minimum level perceived of chicory extract incorporation in fruit pulps, a detection level analysis was made: high and low extract concentrations were added to the fruit pulps and given to prove a sensory panel. A ranking test was also made to understand the favorite inulin and extract concentration addable to the pulps. There was also a final test recording of all associated highlights to a related food product. In conclusion, the extract added pulps show a different and strange flavour but the pulps with inulin got better results than the normal ones.

El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el color de tomates deshidratados dulces, para la elaboración de confituras. El estudio se realizó durante 2013 en el Laboratorio de Deshidratado de Frutas y Hortalizas perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rama Caída, Argentina. Se utilizaron tomates variedad Franco; estos se pelaron y cortaron, luego se formaron ocho grupos de 0,5 kg cada uno para realizar cuatro tratamientos con dos repeticiones. Los tomates se cubrieron con sacarosa (0,5 kg) mezclada con cuatro dosis de metabisulfito de sodio A: 0%; B: 0,2%; C: 0,5%; D: 0,8%, y se dejaron en reposo durante veinticuatro horas. Se enjuagaron y se deshidrataron en horno eléctrico con ventilación forzada a 55 °C hasta alcanzar una actividad acuosa de 0,47 ± 0,02 (humedad inferior a 20%). Posteriormente, se midió cada tres meses, el color en la pulpa de los tomates deshidratados y se determinó el contenido de dióxido de azufre residual al transcurrir un año de almacenamiento. Los cuatro tratamientos evaluados presentaron colores estables en el tiempo; sin embargo, los tratamientos C y D fueron los que obtuvieron mayores valores en el espacio de color CIE L*, a*, b* (colores rojos más intensos y atractivos). A su vez, dichos tratamientos fueron los que mayor cantidad de SO2 residual contenían, pero se encontraban por debajo del límite permitido por el Código Alimentario Argentino para la elaboración de confituras (C 160 ± 22,63; D 1,160 ± 214,96 ppm). The objective of this study was to evaluate the colour of dried sweet tomatoes, to prepare jams. The assay was carried out during 2013 at the Fruits and Vegetables Drying Laboratory from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) Rama Caída Agricultural Experimental Station, Argentina. Franco variety tomatoes were used; these were peeled and cut, then 8 groups of 0,5 kg each were formed in order to attain 4 treatments with two repetitions. The tomatoes were covered with sucrose (0,5 kg) mixed with four doses of sodium metabisulfite (A: 0%; B: 0,2%; C: 0,5%; D: 0,8%) and were left resting 24 hours. They were rinsed and dehydrated in an electric oven with forced ventilation at 55 °C until 0,47 ± 0,02 (humidity inferior to 20 %) of water activity was reached. Subsequently, the colour of the pulp of the dried tomatoes was measured every three months and the content of sulphur dioxide was determined after one year in storage. The four treatments evaluated presented stable colours in time; however, treatments C and D showed the highest values in colour space CIE L*, a*, b* (most intense and attractive red colours). Also, these treatments were the ones with the greatest residual amount of sulphur dioxide, however, they were below of the allowed limit established by the Argentine Food Code for the manufacturing of jams(C 160 ± 22,63; D 1.160 ± 214,96 ppm). EEA Rama Caída Fil: Urfalino, Delia Paola. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rama Caída; Argentina Fil: Worlock, Jesica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rama Caída; Argentina

Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia The purpose of this study was to develop an apple pulp with a bioactive component increased by the addition of blueberry and wheat bran, and the application of moderate heat treatment (MHT) to the whole apple. The browning, the leading cause of loss of quality of the apple pulp, was controlled by enzymatic inactivation by heat during grinding (bleaching) and the introduction of lemon in the initial formulation as well as pineapple (3%) (bromelaíns with proteolytic activity) in the pulp at 40°C. The cons ervation process used was freezing at -18 °C. The base formulation on the pulp was conducted in a central composite rotational delineation. Based on the dependent variables studied, it was found that to the formulation of pulp based apple should be added 1.5% wheat bran, 5% lime and 3% of blackberry. Both the time and temperature were tested of MHT as well as the time between the MHT and processing. A treatment of 50 °C for 5 minutes perf ormed for 24 h before processing involved a greater synthesis of phenols. The appropriate duality of time and temperature of bleaching based on the color and maintenance of the taste of fresh fruit was 80 °C for 2 minutes.------------------------------------O objectivo deste estudo foi o desenvolvimento de polpas de base maçã, com uma componente bioactiva aumentada pela incorporação de amora e farelo de trigo e pela aplicação de tratamentos térmicos moderados (TTM) à maçã inteira. O escurecimento, principal causa de perda de qualidade de polpas de maçã, foi controlado pela inactivação enzimática pelo calor durante a trituração (branqueamento) e pela introdução de limão na formulação inicial e de ananás (3%) (bromeleínas com actividade proteolítica) nas polpas a 40ºC. Como processo de conservação utilizou-se a congelação a -18ºC. A formulação base das polpas foi efectuada segundo um delineamento estatístico composto central rotacional. Com base nas variáveis dependentes estudadas concluiu-se que a formulação de base maçã deverá ser adicionada de: 1,5 % farelo, 5 % limão, 3 % amora e 3 % ananás. Foram testados binómios tempo / temperatura de TTM bem como o tempo que medeia entre o TTM e o processamento. Tratamentos de 50 ºC durante 5 minutos efectuados 24 h antes do processamento implicaram maior síntese de fenóis. O binómio tempo/temperatura de branqueamento mais adequado, tendo por base a estabilização da cor e a manutenção do gosto de fruta fresca foi 80 ºC durante 2 minutos.

Foram analisadas 98 amostras de polpas de frutas congeladas de 8 sabores diferentes, comercializadas em uma feira livre da cidade de Palmas-TO. Foram determinados o pH das polpas, Número Mais Provável de coliformes totais e termotolerantes (NMP.g-1) e Unidades Formadoras de Colônia de bolores e leveduras (UFC.g-1). O pH médio das polpas variou entre 2,5 e 4,8. Apenas 5 amostras (4,3%) apresentaram resultados positivos para coliformes totais e duas confirmaram a presença de coliformes termotolerantes e E. coli, com valores entre 0,3 e 0,9 NMP.g-1. Noventa por cento das amostras apresentaram contaminação por bolores e leveduras, sendo que as contagens variaram de < 10 até 6,2 x 10(4) UFC.g-1. Dentre as amostras que apresentaram bolores e leveduras, 29,6 % não se enquadraram nos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação em vigor. Ninety-eight frozen pulps samples of eight different flavors commercialized in the city of Palmas, State of Tocantins, Brazil, were submitted to pH and microbiological analysis. The microbiological analysis included counts for total and termotolerant coliforms (MPN.g-1) and the determination of moulds and yeasts (CFU.g-1). The pH was rate was 2.5 and 4.8. Five samples (4.3%) showed coliform contamination and two of them presented E. coli showing values between 0.3 and 0.9 MPN.g-1. 90% of the samples showed levels of moulds and yeast ranging from

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of storage time and boiling on the colour of sweet potato (cvs. Morada INTA and Regal) root tubers. Increasing storage time more strongly reduced the skin chroma (C*) of raw Morada INTA tubers than that of raw Regal root tubers. The skin hue angle (H) of raw Morada INTA tubers increased linearly with storage time; at the end of the experiment values were almost twice those at baseline. The results of this study suggest that the perception of skin-H is influenced by C*. In both cultivars, storage time more strongly affected the colour variables of the boiled than the raw flesh. Boiling led to a reduction in flesh luminosity (L*) and an increase in flesh-H. The interaction between cultivar and storage time appears to regulate the C* and H values of orange-flesh cultivars., Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar el efecto de la duración del almacenamiento y el estado de cocción (cruda o hervida) sobre el color de las raíces tuberosas de dos cultivares de batata (Morada INTA y Regal). El tiempo de almacenamiento tuvo un mayor efecto sobre el color de la piel de Morada INTA que sobre Regal. Independientemente del cultivar, el efecto del almacenamiento fue reducir la saturación (C*) del color de la piel. El ángulo de color (H) o tono aumentó linealmente con la duración del almacenamiento sólo para Morada INTA, siendo casi el doble al término del experimento que al comienzo. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la percepción del tono (H) de la piel está afectada por la intensidad del color (C*). La mayoría de los efectos de los tratamientos sobre el color de la pulpa fueron detectados en raíces hervidas. El hervido causa una disminución en la luminosidad (L*) y un incremento en H, independientemente del cultivar. La interacción entre el cultivar y la duración del almacenamiento regula los valores de C* y H de la pulpa en los cultivares de color anaranjado.

The aim of this work was to determine the effect of storage time and boiling on the colour of sweet potato (cvs. Morada INTA and Regal) root tubers. Increasing storage time more strongly reduced the skin chroma (C*) of raw Morada INTA tubers than that of raw Regal root tubers. The skin hue angle (H) of raw Morada INTA tubers increased linearly with storage time; at the end of the experiment values were almost twice those at baseline. The results of this study suggest that the perception of skin-H is influenced by C*. In both cultivars, storage time more strongly affected the colour variables of the boiled than the raw flesh. Boiling led to a reduction in flesh luminosity (L*) and an increase in flesh-H. The interaction between cultivar and storage time appears to regulate the C* and H values of orange-flesh cultivars. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron determinar el efecto de la duración del almacenamiento y el estado de cocción (cruda o hervida) sobre el color de las raíces tuberosas de dos cultivares de batata (Morada INTA y Regal). El tiempo de almacenamiento tuvo un mayor efecto sobre el color de la piel de Morada INTA que sobre Regal. Independientemente del cultivar, el efecto del almacenamiento fue reducir la saturación (C*) del color de la piel. El ángulo de color (H) o tono aumentó linealmente con la duración del almacenamiento sólo para Morada INTA, siendo casi el doble al término del experimento que al comienzo. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la percepción del tono (H) de la piel está afectada por la intensidad del color (C*). La mayoría de los efectos de los tratamientos sobre el color de la pulpa fueron detectados en raíces hervidas. El hervido causa una disminución en la luminosidad (L*) y un incremento en H, independientemente del cultivar. La interacción entre el cultivar y la duración del almacenamiento regula los valores de C* y H de la pulpa en los cultivares de color anaranjado.

The inhibition of ethylene action by 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) extends shelf and storage life of many climacteric fruits. However, 1-MCP appears to have limited effects on stone fruit depending on specie and cultivar. The effects of 1-MCP on ripening and quality of 'Laetitia' plums were determined during ripening at 23ºC following harvest and cold storage. Japanese plums (Prunus salicina, cv. Laetitia) were harvested at mature pre-climacteric stage, cooled to 2ºC within 36 hours of harvest and then treated with 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00 muL L-1 of 1-MCP at 1°C for 24 hours. Following treatment, fruits were either held at 23ºC for 16 days or stored at 1ºC for 50 days. Fruits were removed from cold storage at 10-day intervals and allowed to ripe at 23°C for five days. A delay of climacteric respiration and ethylene production by 1-MCP treatment during ripening following harvest and cold storage was associated to a slow rate of fruit softening. 1-MCP treatment also delayed the loss of titratable acidity and changes of flesh and skin color, whereas it had little or no effect on soluble solids content. 1-MCP effects were concentration- and storage duration-dependent and, generally, a saturation fruit response to 1-MCP occurred between 0.5 and 1.0 muL L-1. During ripening, 1-MCP treated fruits attained quality similar to that of controls. Results indicated that 1-MCP treatment may extend shelf life (23ºC) and storage life (1ºC) of 'Laetitia' plums by approximately six and 20 days, respectively. A inibição da ação do etileno pelo 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) prolonga a vida de prateleira e de armazenagem de vários frutos climatérios. Entretanto, 1-MCP parece ter efeitos limitados em frutas de caroço dependendo da espécie e cultivar. Os efeitos do 1-MCP na maturação e qualidade de ameixas 'Laetitia' foram determinados durante a maturação a 23ºC após a colheita e após a armazenagem refrigerada. Ameixas (Prunus salicina, cv. Laetitia) foram colhidas em estádio pré-climatério, resfriadas a 2ºC em 36 horas da colheita e então tratadas com 1-MCP nas doses de 0; 0,05; 0,10; 0,50 ou 1,00 miL L-1 a 1°C por 24 horas. Após o tratamento os frutos foram mantidos a 23ºC por 16 dias ou armazenados a 1ºC por 50 dias. Os frutos foram removidos da câmara de armazenagem refrigerada a cada 10 dias e então deixados a amadurecer a 23°C, por cinco dias. O retardamento do climatério respiratório e da produção de etileno pelo tratamento 1-MCP durante a maturação após a colheita e após a armazenagem refrigerada foi associado à redução da taxa de amolecimento da polpa dos frutos. O tratamento 1-MCP também retardou a perda da acidez titulável e as mudanças de coloração da polpa e da epiderme, mas teve pequeno ou nenhum efeito sobre o teor de açúcares solúveis. Os efeitos do 1-MCP dependeram da sua concentração e do período de armazenagem dos frutos e, normalmente, a dose de saturação das respostas dos frutos ao 1-MCP ocorreu entre 0,5 e 1,0 miL L-1. Durante a maturação, ameixas tratadas com 1-MCP desenvolveram qualidade semelhante a dos frutos controle. Os resultados indicam que o tratamento 1-MCP pode estender a vida de prateleira (23ºC) e de armazenagem (1ºC) de ameixas 'Laetitia' por aproximadamente seis e 20 dias, respectivamente.

Neste trabalho, foram caracterizados seis tipos de material inerte, utilizados na secagem de polpa de frutas em leito de jorro. Determinou-se o ângulo de repouso das partículas, com e sem adição de água e de polpa de diversas frutas tropicais. Correlacionou-se a escoabilidade com as propriedades das partículas e com a composição química das polpas. Analisou-se a influência do ângulo de repouso sobre o desempenho do secador, no que se refere à produção. Os resultados mostraram que, em geral, as polpas com elevadas concentrações de gordura e sólidos insolúveis e baixos teores de açúcares redutores, facilitam a escoabilidade. Uma análise dos resultados obtidos na secagem de polpa de frutas tropicais, utilizando-se partículas de poliestireno de baixa densidade, como material inerte, mostrou que, embora a escoabilidade permita a obtenção de menores vazões de jorro mínimo, em relação ao desempenho do secador, pode não favorecer uma produção maior de pó. In this work six types of inert particles were characterized and analyzed for drying tropical fruit pulps. The repose angle was determined with and without the addition of water and pulp of various tropical fruits. The bed flowability was related to the particle properties and chemical composition of pulps. The influence of the repose angle on the drying performance was analyzed. It was also verified that the composition of pulps influenced the bed flowability. The global analysis showed that the pulps with high lipids and insoluble solids content and low reducing sugar content improved the bed flowability. The results obtained with the drying of the fruit pulps using low-density polystyrene granules as inert particles showed that high flowabilities lead to lower minimum spout flow rates, but do not necessarily lead to the highest powder production.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar progênies de meios-irmãos de cupuaçuzeiro, nas condições edafoclimaticas de Manaus-AM. Made available in DSpace on 2020-02-21T18:09:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AVALIACAODEPROGENIESDECUPUACUZEIRO...pdf: 4035549 bytes, checksum: e1c40760a64348fd0d0a495e6dfb97ff (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998

Para estudar a conservacao do polpa do cupuacu ao frio, foram colhidos frutos que pesaram em media 474g. Apos a quebra dos frutos, a polpa foi armazenada a -18oC, por cerca de quatro meses. Apos esse periodo, foi processado o despolpamento mecanico e o envasamento em sacos de polietileno, com capacidade para 1kg, em caminhados, em tres lotes, a tres umidades de frio (8oC, -2oC e -12oC. Os tres lotes sofreram analises periodicas para determinacao dos parametros fisico-quimicos: pH, acidez, glicidios redutores, glicidios nao-redutores, vitamina C e perda de peso. Analises microbiologicas tambem foram realizadas para determinacao de microrganismos, aludidos na Portaria n.1 de 18/01/87, do Ministerio da Saude. Dentre as tres temperaturas, a que melhores resultados apresentou foi a de -12oC, tanto microbiologica quanto bromatologicamente, sendo, por isso, a indicada para conservacao da polpa ao longo da entressafra. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-20T00:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Conservacaodepolpadecupuacu...RobertoMiranda.pdf: 74855318 bytes, checksum: e0d1011b220686797034e46bff371349 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-04-22 Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia de Alimentos) - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus.