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Borassus flabellifer (Palmyra) fruit fiber (PFF) was extracted and converted into biocarbon materials at different carbonization temperatures of 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C under N2 atmosphere for 1 h. The physicochemical properties of obtained biocarbon materials were investigated via CHNS, SEM‐EDX, FTIR, RAMAN, XRD, BET‐specific surface area, and TGA techniques. The obtained results were correlated with the capacitive energy storage application of biocarbon materials. The highest specific surface area of 46.36 m2 g−1 was observed for the biocarbon materials obtained at 800°C, which also showed superior capacitive performances. The specific capacitances of PFF‐derived biocarbon materials obtained at 400°C, 600°C, and 800°C are respectively found to be 28.58, 37.07, and 45.76 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 employing 1M KOH as electrolyte. The biocarbon materials obtained at 800°C showed the highest specific energy and power of 1.99 and 261 W kg−1 at 1 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The meat industry is making technological advancements in order to provide food that is both healthier and more sustainable. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the impacts that may be attributed to the incorporation of whole fruits or byproducts in a variety of forms into different meat products. The review investigated the effects that these incorporations have on physicochemical and technological features, sensory characteristics, and the potential to improve shelf life. The incorporation of fruit fiber into meat products led to an increase in cooking yield, emulsion stability, capacity to bind water and fat. However, it also resulted in a reduction in shrinkage, cooking losses and pH, with variations depending on the concentration, type, initial pH, and storage period. The addition of dietary fiber led to an increase in hardness and chewiness, despite the fact that it enhanced the water-holding capacity and reduced the cooking loss. It was found that the effect on the instrumental color characteristics and color sensory perception differed depending on the source of the addition and its color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quince fruit powder can be obtained from the waste of the edible product. In this study, we modified the powder with various solvents and investigated its application in Pickering emulsification. The crushed Chinese quince fruit possessed excellent Pickering emulsifying abilities when the water-soluble components were removed. In addition to cellulose, the powder contains hydrophilic pectin and hydrophobic lignin fibers. Similarly, a powder consisting of cellulose and a small amount of lignin without pectin, which was obtained by further solvent treatment, also showed high emulsification performance. Although these two powders had different fiber compositions, their water contact angles were almost equal, and their surface hydrophilicity was lower than that of the cellulose-only powder without emulsification ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The effect of fiber, especially the effect of specific fiber in different food groups, on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has seldomly been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between GDM risk and consumption of total fiber, fiber in specific food groups, and glycemic load (GL) in the second trimester in Chinese women. Methods and Study Design: A total 162 GDM cases were matched to 324 controls on women's age and pre-pregnancy BMI. Dietary survey was conducted twice to evaluate dietary factors between 13-16 gestational weeks (GW) and 21-24 GW respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to compute the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Intake of total fiber and fruit fiber in both 13-16 GW and in 21-24 GW were significantly correlated with decreased risk of GDM, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs): 0.06 (0.03-0.13) and 0.03 (0.01-0.08) for total fiber in the highest quartile, 0.003 (0.0002-0.02) and 0.01 (0.001-0.02) for fruit fiber in the highest quartile, respectively. In contrast, consumption of cereal fiber in 21-24 GW and daily average GL in 13-16 GW were positively associated with GDM risk, with adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of the highest quartile: 3.34 (1.45-7.92) and 3.88 (1.43-10.89) respectively. Conclusions: Our findings suggested consumption of dietary fiber in various food groups in the second trimester might be associated with GDM risk. Particularly, diet rich in total fiber and fruit fiber may play a protective role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a public health concern, with dietary fiber intake is inconsistent.Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake from different sources and NAFLD risk in US adults.Methods: Data were collected from the 2007–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined as a United States Fatty Liver Index ≥30, and dietary fiber intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the relationship of dietary intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber with NAFLD risk.Results: A total of 6,613 participants, aged more than 20 years, were included in this study. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of NAFLD for the highest quartile vs. lowest quartile intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber were 0.12 (0.08–0.16), 0.25 (0.19–0.33), 0.41 (0.33–0.52), and 0.42 (0.32–0.56), respectively. In stratified analyses by sex and age, statistically significant negative associations of dietary intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber with NAFLD risk were observed in all participants. Dose-response analysis indicated a non-linear correlation between NAFLD risk and dietary intake of total fiber, whereas the relationship was linear for cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes.Conclusion: Total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes exhibit negative correlations with NAFLD risk in the general adult population in the United States.

We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality.

The US has a pet population of approximately 70 million dogs and 74 million cats. Humans have developed a strong emotional bond with companion animals. As a consequence, pet owners seek ways to improve health, quality of life and longevity of their pets. Advances in canine and feline nutrition have contributed to improved longevity and well-being. Dietary fibers have gained renewed interest in the pet food industry, due to their important role in affecting laxation and stool quality. More recently, because of increased awareness of the beneficial effects of dietary fibers in health, as well as the popularity of functional foods and holistic and natural diets, alternative and novel carbohydrates have become widespread in human and pet nutrition. Fiber sources from cereal grains, whole grains and fruits have received increasing attention by the pet food industry and pet owners. While limited scientific information is available on the nutritional and nutraceutical properties of alternative fiber sources, studies indicate that corn fiber is an efficacious fiber source for pets, showing no detrimental effects on palatability or nutrient digestibility, while lowering the glycemic response in adult dogs. Fruit fiber and pomaces have good water-binding properties, which may be advantageous in wet pet food production, where a greater water content is required, along with low water activity and a firm texture of the final product. Rice bran is a palatable fiber source for dogs and may be an economical alternative to prebiotic supplementation of pet foods. However, it increases the dietary requirement of taurine in cats. Barley up to 40% in a dry extruded diet is well tolerated by adult dogs. In addition, consumption of complex carbohydrates has shown a protective effect on cardiovascular disease and oxidative stress. Alternative fiber sources are suitable ingredients for pet foods. They have been shown to be nutritionally adequate and to have potential nutraceutical properties.

Background & Objectives: There is little known about the relation between metabolic syndrome and fiber intake are available in Iran. We evaluated the relation between total, and various types and sources of dietary fiber and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 2457 adults, aged 19-84 years were studied. Total dietary fiber intake and its types and sources were assessed using a validated semi quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Blood pressure, Anthropometric, and biochemical measurements were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to definition by Iranian National Committee of Obesity.Results: In the multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, intakes of total (OR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.39-0.74), both soluble (OR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.43-0.84) and insoluble dietary fiber (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35-0.72), fruit fiber (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37-0.72), legume fiber (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.53-0.99) and cereal fiber (OR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.57-0.97) were inversely associated with the metabolic syndrome. There was not significant association between using vegetable and nut fiber and prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Total dietary fiber, both soluble and insoluble fibers, and especially fruit and legumes fibers, reduce the metabolic syndrome among adults in Tehran.

Cereal fibers are known to increase fecal weight and speed transit time, but far less data are available on the effects of fruits and vegetable fibers on regularity. This study provides a comprehensive review of the impact of these three fiber sources on regularity in healthy humans. We identified English-language intervention studies on dietary fibers and regularity and performed weighted linear regression analyses for fecal weight and transit time. Cereal and vegetable fiber groups had comparable effects on fecal weight; both contributed to it more than fruit fibers. Less fermentable fibers increased fecal weight to a greater degree than more fermentable fibers. Dietary fiber did not change transit time in those with an initial time of <48 h. In those with an initial transit time ≥48 h, transit time was reduced by approximately 30 min per gram of cereal, fruit or vegetable fibers, regardless of fermentability. Cereal fibers have been studied more than any other kind in relation to regularity. This is the first comprehensive review comparing the effects of the three major food sources of fiber on bowel function and regularity since 1993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quince fruit powder can be obtained from the waste of the edible product. In this study, we modified the powder with various solvents and investigated its application in Pickering emulsification. The crushed Chinese quince fruit possessed excellent Pickering emulsifying abilities when the water-soluble components were removed. In addition to cellulose, the powder contains hydrophilic pectin and hydrophobic lignin fibers. Similarly, a powder consisting of cellulose and a small amount of lignin without pectin, which was obtained by further solvent treatment, also showed high emulsification performance. Although these two powders had different fiber compositions, their water contact angles were almost equal, and their surface hydrophilicity was lower than that of the cellulose-only powder without emulsification ability.

Cereal fibers are known to increase fecal weight and speed transit time, but far less data are available on the effects of fruits and vegetable fibers on regularity. This study provides a comprehensive review of the impact of these three fiber sources on regularity in healthy humans. We identified English-language intervention studies on dietary fibers and regularity and performed weighted linear regression analyses for fecal weight and transit time. Cereal and vegetable fiber groups had comparable effects on fecal weight; both contributed to it more than fruit fibers. Less fermentable fibers increased fecal weight to a greater degree than more fermentable fibers. Dietary fiber did not change transit time in those with an initial time of

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the association between total dietary fiber and its types and sources with the risk of MetS. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of 2457 adults (1327 male and 1130 female), aged 19–84 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose and lipids were measured according to standard protocols. The MetS was defined according to definition by Adult Treatment Panel III. Results: Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of MetS between highest and lowest quartiles was 0.53 (95% CI: 0.39–0.74; P for trend <0.05) for total dietary fiber, 0.60 (0.43–0.84; P for trend <0.05) for soluble fiber, and 0.51 (0.35–0.72; P for trend <0.05) for insoluble fiber. Among sources of dietary fiber, fruit fiber (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.37–0.72), cereal fiber (0.74; 0.57–0.97), and legume fiber (0.73; 0.53–0.99) were inversely associated with the risk of MetS, after adjustment for confounding factors. Intake of vegetable fiber and nut fiber were unrelated to the risk of MetS. Conclusions: Total dietary fiber, soluble- and insoluble fiber, fruit fiber, cereal fiber and legume fiber were associated with a protective effect for the presence of MetS among this Tehranian population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We examined the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors in Korean adults. This cross-sectional study involved 16,792 adults from the 2013–2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Dietary data were obtained using a 24 h recall method and used to evaluate intakes of total dietary fiber and its source and fruit consumption. Cardiovascular risk factors included obesity, abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the associations of dietary fiber and its source with cardiovascular risk factors by sex. Total fiber and fruit fiber intake in men were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (Q5 vs. Q1: odds ratios (OR) = 0.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.53–0.92 for total fiber; Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.61–0.93 for fruit fiber). Among women, a higher intake of fruit fiber was related to a reduced prevalence of obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.85, p trend = 0.029) and abdominal obesity (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.82, p trend = 0.026). Total fruit and whole fruit consumption was inversely associated with obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome in men and hypertension in women. The amount and sources of fiber are associated with metabolic diseases in Korean adults and should be considered in the context of overall dietary quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on the association of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a public health concern, with dietary fiber intake is inconsistent. Objective: To investigate the relationship between dietary fiber intake from different sources and NAFLD risk in US adults. Methods: Data were collected from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. NAFLD was defined as a United States Fatty Liver Index ≥30, and dietary fiber intake was assessed through two 24-h dietary recall interviews. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to explore the relationship of dietary intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber with NAFLD risk. Results: A total of 6,613 participants, aged more than 20 years, were included in this study. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of NAFLD for the highest quartile vs. lowest quartile intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber were 0.12 (0.08-0.16), 0.25 (0.19-0.33), 0.41 (0.33-0.52), and 0.42 (0.32-0.56), respectively. In stratified analyses by sex and age, statistically significant negative associations of dietary intakes of total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber with NAFLD risk were observed in all participants. Dose-response analysis indicated a non-linear correlation between NAFLD risk and dietary intake of total fiber, whereas the relationship was linear for cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes. Conclusion: Total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes exhibit negative correlations with NAFLD risk in the general adult population in the United States., (Copyright © 2020 Zhao, Yang, Mao, Quan, Cui and Sun.)