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Studies of the role of phonological representations in learning to read have almost exclusively focused on speech perception. In the current study, we examined links between sensorimotor control of speech, reading, and reading-related abilities. We studied two languages, English and Dutch, which vary in the regularity of their spelling-to-sound mappings. There were 236 American and Dutch children, 4 to 8 years old, who performed an altered auditory feedback task in which the first formant of the /?/ vowel was altered. A stronger response to altered feedback for literate relative to preliterate children was observed, and this was particularly the case for the Dutch children. Moreover, the magnitude of the responses was related to precursors of reading in preliterate children and to reading skill in literate children. We propose that these findings could be related to changes in children's speech production skills that facilitate the integration of orthographic and phonemic information.

Aims and objectives: The aim of this integrative review was to investigate current literature exploring relationships between general self‐efficacy and the healthy ageing of older people. Background: Enhancing the health and well‐being of older adults, while mitigating consequences of illness and frailty are important priorities in healthy ageing. General self‐efficacy is closely associated with human behaviour and has been linked with improved health and well‐being. Design: An integrative review using the five‐stage method described by Whittemore and Knafl (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 2005, 52, 546). Methods: Academic databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and APA PsycInfo were searched between 2010 and 2020 for original, peer‐reviewed papers, published in English that investigated general self‐efficacy and factors associated with the healthy ageing of older people. Included papers were critically appraised using the Appraisal tool for Cross‐Sectional Studies (AXIS tool) and Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, and underwent data abstraction and synthesis via a constant comparative method. This review was also evaluated using the PRISMA checklist. Results: Twenty‐one papers were included in this review. Two main themes emerged. The first highlights positive relationships between general self‐efficacy and health and ageing perceptions, with subsequent influence on health behaviours. The second includes two sub‐themes, which explores general self‐efficacy's role in maintaining well‐being through its effects on psychological health and overcoming physical decline through adaption to changing physical and health conditions. Conclusions: Promoting general self‐efficacy has potential benefits for the healthy ageing of older people through positive effects on ageing and health perceptions, health behaviours, psychological health and overcoming physical decline. Relevance to clinical practice: Understanding how general self‐efficacy facilitates healthy ageing can guide nursing practices that reduce or mitigate consequences of illness and physical decline on the health and well‐being of older people. Strategies aimed at increasing older people's general self‐efficacy can help to facilitate subsequent positive effects on factors that promote healthy ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Over the past few years there has been an increasing need to reconfigure emergency care service delivery so that patients can be seen and treated as quickly as possible [...]

Rationale, aims and objectives: Inpatient rehabilitation following total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA, THA) is resource intensive and expensive. Understanding who is referred is integral to the discourse concerning service and cost reform. This study aimed to determine patient prognostic factors associated with referral to inpatient rehabilitation following TKA or THA in a public sector setting. In this setting, surgeon or patient choice does not drive referral. Method: Prognostic factor research based on secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. Consecutive people undergo elective, primary TKA, or THA at a high‐volume public hospital. The outcome was referral to inpatient rehabilitation after acute care. Patient variables including sociodemographic, comorbidity, and complication details were used in multivariable logistic regression to determine the prognostic factors associated with referral. Results: Five hundred twenty people were included; 9.2% experienced the outcome. In the multivariable model, acute complications (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.6‐7.8), TKA surgery (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.0‐9.4), renal disease (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.4‐13.3), and higher body mass index (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.0‐1.2) were associated with referral; unilateral surgery (OR 0.1 (95% CI 0.01‐0.2) and previous arthroplasty (OR 0.3 (95% CI 0.1‐0.8) were protective. There were no significant associations found for sociodemographic factors (such as gender and residential status) in the multivariable model. Conclusion: In the absence of choice, physical impairment and health factors are associated with referral to inpatient rehabilitation following TKA or THA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the colleagues conclude that methylprednisolone treatment of hospitalized patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection did not reduce mortality risk. Topics include the offer an alternative interpretation of the efficacy of steroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the much smaller than the RECOVERY trial (N = 6425 patients).