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28. Seroepidemiology

Author

Frost, Floyd, primary, Muller, Tim, additional, Calderon, Rebecca, additional, Craun, Gunther, additional, and Kunde, Twila, additional

Published
2002
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34. Waterborne disease surveillance

Author

Frost, Floyd J., Calderon, Rebba L., and Craun, Gunther F.

Subjects
Waterborne infections -- Surveys, Epidemiology -- Training, Epidemics -- Prevention
Abstract

In 1988 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency convened a workshop to develop recommendations for waterborne disease surveillance, investigation and control. To ascertain the extent to which the recommendations had been implemented, a survey of state and territorial epidemiology programs was conducted in 1995. Responses were received from 49 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and Guam. Fewer than half of the programs had designated a waterborne disease coordinator as recommended by the workshop. Although most coordinators met epidemiology and microbiology training and work experience recommendations, only 24% had training or work experience in water treatment and only 28% met regularly with drinking water regulatory staff. Only 46% of all epidemiology respondents indicated that an individual from the drinking water regulatory staff had been designated to assist in investigation of outbreaks and almost a third of those designated individuals could not be named by the epidemiology program staff. No state used computerized illness data from health maintenance organizations or the Indian Health Service as a waterborne disease surveillance tool. With fewer than half of the state/territorial epidemiology programs having a designated coordinator for waterborne disease outbreaks and with few of these coordinators having training or experience in drinking water treatment or maintaining contact with the state water treatment specialists, the timeliness of initiation and the effectiveness of outbreak investigations may be compromised. To insure preparations are in place to quickly and completely identify, investigate, and control waterborne disease outbreaks, funding should be specifically designated for staff to conduct waterborne disease surveillance., Findings of a Survey of State and Territorial Epidemiology Programs Introduction Watershed protection, improved sewage disposal and the filtration and disinfection of drinking water have, since the early part of [...]

Published
1995

43. Dientamoeba fragilis detection methods and prevalence: a survey of state public health laboratories

Author

Grendon, John H., DiGiacomo, Ronald F., and Frost, Floyd J.

Subjects
Public health laboratories -- Surveys, Feces -- Medical examination, Protozoa, Pathogenic -- Identification and classification
Abstract

Dientamoeba fragilis Detection Methods and Prevalence: A Survey of State Public Health Laboratories Synopsis Dientamoeba fragilis is a pathogenic protozoan parasite that has no cyst stage. Because of the lack […]

Published
1991

46. Automated inter-rater reliability assessment and electronic data collection in a multi-center breast cancer study

Author

Enger Shelley M, Buist Diana SM, Alford Sharon H, Lash Timothy L, McCarty Maribet C, Clough-Gorr Kerri M, Thwin Soe, Field Terry S, Frost Floyd, Wei Feifei, and Silliman Rebecca A

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background The choice between paper data collection methods and electronic data collection (EDC) methods has become a key question for clinical researchers. There remains a need to examine potential benefits, efficiencies, and innovations associated with an EDC system in a multi-center medical record review study. Methods A computer-based automated menu-driven system with 658 data fields was developed for a cohort study of women aged 65 years or older, diagnosed with invasive histologically confirmed primary breast cancer (N = 1859), at 6 Cancer Research Network sites. Medical record review with direct data entry into the EDC system was implemented. An inter-rater and intra-rater reliability (IRR) system was developed using a modified version of the EDC. Results Automation of EDC accelerated the flow of study information and resulted in an efficient data collection process. Data collection time was reduced by approximately four months compared to the project schedule and funded time available for manuscript preparation increased by 12 months. In addition, an innovative modified version of the EDC permitted an automated evaluation of inter-rater and intra-rater reliability across six data collection sites. Conclusion Automated EDC is a powerful tool for research efficiency and innovation, especially when multiple data collection sites are involved.

Published
2007
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47. Racial misclassification of Native Americans in a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results cancer registry

Author

Frost, Floyd, Taylor, Victoria, and Fries, Elizabeth

Subjects
Native Americans -- Diseases, Cancer -- Demographic aspects, Disease susceptibility -- Demographic aspects, Health
Abstract

Background: The cancer incidence for all sites has been reported to be lower in Native Americans than in White Americans. Concerns have been expressed, however, that the observed low incidence may be a result of inaccurate reporting of race. Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which racial misclassification may contribute to the observed low cancer incidence among Native Americans. Methods: A registry of individuals eligible to receive medical services funded by the Indian Health Service was linked by computer to the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry. Results: Only 137 (60%) of the patients with invasive cancer registered with the Indian Health Service and for whom race was recorded were identified as Native Americans in the SEER registry. Similarly, 55 (69%) of 80 in situ cervical cancer case patients were classified as Native American. A strong association was observed between Native-American blood quantum level and racial misclassification. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the observed low cancer incidence in Native Americans relative to Whites in the northwest United States is at least partially attributable to racial misclassification in the SEER cancer registry. [J. Natl Cancer Inst 84:957-962, 1992]

Published
1992

48. Statins and influenza/COPD mortality

Author

Grijalva, Carlos G., Arbogast, Patrick G., Griffin, Marie R., and Frost, Floyd

Subjects
Statins -- Dosage and administration, Influenza -- Prevention, Influenza -- Patient outcomes, Lung diseases, Obstructive -- Prevention, Lung diseases, Obstructive -- Patient outcomes, Mortality -- Prevention, Health
Published
2007

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