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3. The Swiss external QA system: lessons learned over the past five years

Author

Froment, Eric, Froment, E ( Eric ), Heusser, Rolf, Beccari, Laura, Schenker-Wicki, Andrea, Froment, Eric, Froment, E ( Eric ), Heusser, Rolf, Beccari, Laura, and Schenker-Wicki, Andrea

Abstract

The external quality assurance system in Switzerland focuses on institutional assessments. Periodic assessments of the internal quality assurance systems of the Swiss universities are mandatory and linked to the financing of the institutions. The OAQ successfully carried out the first cycle of such audits in 2003 – 4 which it then repeated in 2007 – 8. These audits have been well accepted by the institutions and were perceived as being a contribution to institutional quality enhancement. Changes at universities following the first audit have been noticed and this clearly shows the success of an institutional approach to external QA. Bologna, and particularly the ESG, served to accelerate internal developments in Switzerland. Project- based international partnerships proved to be an essential ingredient to improve the agency’s daily work, while international memberships in relevant networks increased the agency’s level of accountability and credibility with positive national spill-over effects.

Published
2009

4. Some implications of European initiatives for doctoral supervision

Author

Lee, Anne, Froment, E., Kohler, J., Purser, L., and Wilson, L.

Abstract

There has been a significant and welcome emphasis on doctoral education in the last five years and there is wide agreement that ‘original research’ is the key definition of what doctoral education is about. However this term ‘original research’ requires further explanation and there is a need for clearer statements about what defines doctoral level work. This article reviews some of the recent European initiatives on the doctoral process and begins a discussion about what that might mean for supervisor development. It looks firstly at one way of framing good practice in a one to one supervisor relationship, and then identifies who might be involved in creating a supervisory team. It reviews the impact of the growth of graduate schools and the pressures to create collaborative cen-tres of excellence for research, and looks at the implications for supervisor development.

Published
2009

6. Host risk factors and autochthonous hepatitis E infection.

Author

Dalton HR, Bendall RP, Rashid M, Ellis V, Ali R, Ramnarace R, Stableforth W, Headdon W, Abbott R, McLaughlin C, Froment E, Hall KJ, Michell NP, Thatcher P, and Henley WE

Subjects
Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alcohol Drinking adverse effects, Antibodies, Viral blood, Case-Control Studies, Chronic Disease, Female, Hepatitis E virus immunology, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Distribution, Sex Factors, Hepatitis E etiology
Abstract

Introduction: In developed countries autochthonous hepatitis E infection is caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 or 4 and mainly affects middle aged/elderly men. Host factors might explain why older men develop clinically overt disease., Methods: Retrospective review of 53 patients with symptomatic autochthonous hepatitis E infection to determine putative host risk factors. Patients were compared with 564 controls with adjustment for age and sex. Anti-HEV seroprevalence was determined in controls and 189 patients with chronic liver disease., Results: Mean age of the patients was 62.4 years, 73.6% were men. Compared with controls, patients with hepatitis E were more likely to drink at least 22 U alcohol/week (OR=9.4; 95% confidence interval=3.8-25.0; P<0.001). The seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in controls increased with age (P<0.001) but was similar in men and women. There was no association between alcohol consumption and anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the control group. There was no difference in the anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence between the controls and patients with chronic liver disease of all aetiologies, but seroprevalence was higher in controls (13.8%) than patients with alcoholic liver disease (4.8%, P=0.04)., Conclusion: Clinically apparent hepatitis E infection is more common in individuals who consume at least 22 U alcohol/week. Patients with established chronic alcoholic liver disease have a low seroprevalence compared with controls. The reason for this observation is uncertain, but patients with alcoholic liver disease have clinically severe disease with a high mortality when exposed to HEV. The low seroprevalence in this group may represent a 'culled' population.

Published
2011
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