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A new epiphytic species of crustose Teloschistaceae, Coppinsiella extremiorientalis, is described from the floodplain forests of the boreal zone of the Russian Far East. It is characterized by its white to whitish grey, thin to disappearing thallus mostly without anthraquinones, dull orange zeorine pruinose apothecia with an anthraquinones composition corresponding to chemosyndrome A. Phylogeny of the genus Coppinsiella, which was previously unknown in the Far East, is discussed, as well as the morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of Coppinsiella species. A new combination for Caloplaca fiumana, an older name for Coppinsiella orbicularis, is also formally proposed.

Coppinsiella extremiorientalis I. V. Frolov, Yakovczenko & A. Ezhkin, spec. nov. MycoBank no. 842595 Thallus epiphytic, thin to disappearing, white or whitish grey, rarely with low amounts of anthraquinones, greenish yellow. Vegetative diaspores absent. Apothecia ca. 0.5–0.6 mm diam., zeorine; disc and true exciple dull orange with white pruina; thalline exciple usually with yellow tinge, persistent, but often present only on the lower side of apothecia. Ascospores 10–15 × 5–8 μm, with septa 3–5 μm wide. Anthraquinones composition corresponding to chemosyndrome A. Type:— RUSSIA. Sakhalin Region: Sakhalin Island, Tymovskoe District, E outskirts of Ado-Tymovo, near bridge over Pilenga river, broad floodplain between rivers Pilenga and Tym’, elev. 40 m, 51°7’56.703”N, 142°41’18.139”E, on bark of Chosenia arbutifolia in low-density forest with large trees of Populus suaveolens s. lat. and Salix spp. and high dense thickets of ferns, Urtica sp., Petasites amplus etc., 9 July 2019, I. V. Frolov 2332 (holotype LE L–17109, isotypes H, PRA, hb. Frolov). GenBank Accession numbers of the sequences of the holotype: OM 337875 (nrITS), OM 337873 (mrSSU). (Fig. 2) Thallus epiphytic, usually poorly developed or even disappearing, continuous or rimose to rimose-areolate with areoles about 0.3 × 0.2 mm and usually uneven surface, irregular in outline, up to ca. 2 cm diam. or, when several thalli merge, forming patches more than 10 cm in length that extend along the bark, white to whitish grey, rarely greenish yellow; thickness of thallus (75–)85–102–122(–175) μm [20; 4; 26]. Cortex on section colourless to grey, alveolate, but usually vivid cells 4–9 μm diam. only distinguishable in thin lower part of cortex; crystals of different form about 1–7 μm size insoluble in K fil cortex section and cover cortex surface; thickness of cortex together with epinecral layer (15–)22–25–28(–38) μm [20; 4; 6]. Algal layer (38–)52–62–67(–100) μm thick [20; 4; 18]; algal cells globose, (7.0–)11.2–12.0–12.9(–19.0) μm diam. [30; 3; 2.4]. Medulla (0–)3–15–27(–43) μm thick [20; 4; 13]. Vegetative diaspores absent. Prothallus absent. Apothecia (0.40–)0.47–0.54–0.64(–0.85) mm diam. [59; 6; 0.10], zeorine, initially immersed then sessile or adnate. Disc dull orange; true exciple of the same colour as disc or paler; thalline exciple yellow, greenish yellow or rarely of the same colour as thallus, persistent, but often present only on the lower side of apothecia and faintly visible from above; thin white pruina usually present on disc and exciple (less intense). Hymenium (75–)80–88–96(–100) μm high [25; 6; 9], colourless, not glutinized, usually without extracellular oil drops and crystals, sometimes with stacks of crystals in the upper part; epihymenium golden brown, often with colourless crystals about 10–30 × 10–20 μm insoluble in K. Hypothecium (33–)44–56–83(–100) μm high [25; 6; 21], yellowish, with extracellular oil drops, without extracellular crystals, lower two-thirds of the section often formed of spongiose tissue; algal cells present in a layer or rarely absent below hypothecium, and in the latter case hypothecium forms a central conical extension downward. Exciple about 15–110 μm wide, formed of true exciple, (15–)23–33–71(–75) μm wide [25; 6; 15], and thalline exciple, (0–)0–3–9(–38) μm wide [25; 6; 8]. Upper part of true exciple golden brown of thin-walled cells (6.0–)8.4–8.7–9.8(–11.0) × (5.0–)6.0–6.3–6.8(–8.0) μm [34; 5; 1.5 & 0.8]. Thalline exciple with cortex which is usually alveolate, (10–)12–13–15(–15) μm wide [15; 4; 2]; cells of cortex thin-walled ± spherical (4.0–)5.7–6.1–6.9(–8.5) μm diam. [33; 4; 0.9]; section of thalline exciple cortex full of crystals 1.5–5 μm size. Paraphyses slightly branched in upper part, about 1.5–2 μm wide in lower part, gradually slightly widen and the upper cell significantly wider, (4.5–)5.9–6.2–6.8(–8.0) μm wide [55; 6; 0.9]. Asci clavate, (43–)49–53–58(–65) × (8–)12–14–15(–18) μm [39; 6; 5 & 2]. Ascospores 8 per ascus, colourless, polarilocular, (10.0–)11.8–12.5–13.6(–15.0) × (5.0–)5.8–6.3–7.2(–8.0) μm [60; 6; 1.2 & 0.8], with rounded ends. Septa (3.0–)4.0–4.3–4.5(–5.5) μm wide [60; 6; 0.5]. Ascospore length/width ratio: (1.31–)1.78–2.0–2.27(–2.55) [60; 6; 0.26]; septum width/ascospore length ratio: (0.20–)0.30–0.35–0.37(–0.48) [60; 6; 0.05]. Pycnidia not observed. Chemistry: Epihymenium and upper true exciple with anthraquinones, K + purple. Thalline cortex K –, rarely in spots with anthraquinones, K + purple. Apothecia of two specimens (IF2331 and IF2332) were analysed by HPLC, both contain parietin as a major compound, parietinic acid and fallacinal as additional substances, and traces of emodin, emodinal, emodic acid, citreorosein, and teloschistin. The composition of anthraquinones corresponds to chemosyndrome A of Søchting (1997). Etymology: The epithet reflects the geographic distribution of the new species in the Far East of Asia, which is exceptional in the genus Coppinsiella (Fig. 3). Ecology and distribution: The new species was collected from bark of deciduous trees (Chosenia arbutifolia, Populus suaveolens s. lat., Ulmus japonica, and U. laciniata) in low density light alluvial forests in more or less wide floodplains along rivers in the boreal zone of the Far East, at elevations from ca. 40 m to 400 m above sea level. Associated lichens included Caloplaca ahtii, C. taranii, Gyalolechia ussuriensis, Xanthomendoza ulophyllodes and species of Bacidia, Lecanora, Phaeophyscia and Physconia. Coppinsiella extremiorientalis is currently known from ten localities in the Khabarovsk Territory and the Sakhalin Region of Russia (Fig. 3). Additional specimens examined (paratypes). RUSSIA. Khabarovsk Territory: Komsomol‘sk District, 51 km NE Boktor, floodplain of Poludenny brook, elev. 400 m, 51°21‘5.000“N, 137°53‘3.001“E, 22 August 2011, L. S. Yakovchenko (hb. Frolov 3021); Vanino District, 88 km E of Vanino, near the road Lidoga–Vanino, wide floodplain of river Sakay-Bapu, elev. 360 m, 49°9’41.209”N, 139°1’55.704”E, 19 July 2021, I. V. Frolov 3019, 3020 (hb. Frolov); Ul’chsky District, 36 km NW of Bogorodskoye, near road to Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, wide floodplain of river Khilka, elev. 40 m, 52°40’38.186”N, 140°12’47.772”E, 19 September 2021, I. V. Frolov 3023 (hb. Frolov). Sakhalin Region: Sakhalin Island, Tymovskoe District, E outskirts of Ado-Tymovo, near bridge over Pilenga river, broad floodplain between rivers Pilenga and Tym’, elev. 40 m, 51°7’56.703”N, 142°41’18.139”E, 9 July 2019, I. V. Frolov 2432 (locus classicus, hb. Frolov); 7 km SE of Ado-Tymovo, floodplain forest in valley of Pilenga river, elev. 119 m, 51°04’52.3812”N, 142°44’14.4816”E 4 June 2017, A. K. Ezhkin (IMGG 2041); 8 km SE of Ado-Tymovo, floodplain forest in valley of Pilenga river, elev. 112 m, 51°04’30.3744”N, 142°44’47.9363”E, 4 June 2017, A. K. Ezhkin (IMGG 2047, 2073); 14 km SE of Ado-Tymovo, floodplain forest in valley of Pilenga river, elev. 155 m, 51°02’9.75839”N, 142°49’41.3220”E 5 June 2017, A. K. Ezhkin (IMGG 2052); 16 km SE of Ado-Tymovo, floodplain forest in valley of Pilenga river, elev. 154 m, 51°01’45.6564”N, 142°50’33.7343”E, 5 June 2017, A. K. Ezhkin (IMGG 2042, 2050, 2058); 20 km E of Palevo, wide floodplain of river Tym’, elev. 260 m, 50°37’43.671”N, 143°0’16.310”E, 10 July 2019, I. V. Frolov 2331 (hb. Frolov); Smirnykhovsky District, 15 km SE of Pilvo, near road from Smirnykh to Pilvo, wide floodplain of river Pilevka, elev. 140 m, 49°56’4.898”N, 142°18’15.998”E, 30 June 2019, I. V. Frolov 2426 (hb. Frolov)., Published as part of Frolov, Ivan V., Prokopiev, Ilya A., Yakovchenko, Lidia S., Galanina, Irina A. & Ezhkin, Alexander K., 2022, Coppinsiella extremiorientalis (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new species from the Russian Far East and a new genus to the region, pp. 219-229 in Phytotaxa 549 (2) on pages 222-224, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6622847, {"references":["Sochting, U. (1997) Two major anthraquinone chemosyndromes in Teloschistaceae. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 68: 135 - 144.","Wetmore, C. M. (2009) New species of Caloplaca (Teloschistaceae) from North America. Bryologist 112: 379 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1639 / 0007 - 2745 - 112.2.379","Malicek, J., Palice, Z. & Vondrak, J. (2018) Additions and corrections to the lichen biota of the Czech Republic. Herzogia 31: 453 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.13158 / heia. 31.1.2018.453"]}

Coppinsiella fiumana (Zahlbr.) I. V. Frolov, comb. nov. MycoBank no. 842596 Caloplaca fiumana Zahlbruckner, Annln K. K. naturh. Hofmus. Wien 25: 248 (1911). Type:—HUNGARIA [currently CROATIA]. Ad saxa calcarea prope Fiume [Rijeka], J. Schuler (PRM, lectotype, designated by Malíček et al. 2018: 471). Caloplaca substerilis subsp. orbicularis Moniri, Vondrák & Malíček, in Vondrák, Moniri, Malíček & Košnar, Nordic Jl Bot. 35: 370 (2017); Coppinsiella orbicularis (Moniri, Vondrák & Malíček) S.Y. Kondr. & Lőkös, in Kondratyuk, Kärnefelt, Lőkös, Hur & Thell, Acta bot. hung. 60: 383 (2018). Type:— CZECH REPUBLIC. Mikulov, Klentnice, protected area Tabulová, southwest slope of Stolová hora with limestone cliffs, elev. 400 m, 48°50’21.840”N, 16°38’8.880”E, on shaded limestone outcrop, below overhang, 28 November 2013, J. Malíček 6306 & J. Vondrák 12562 (holotype PRA, isotype herb. Malíček). Notes: Caloplaca substerilis subsp. orbicularis was synonymized with Caloplaca fiumana earlier by Malíček et al. (2018), but without a formal taxonomic proposal., Published as part of Frolov, Ivan V., Prokopiev, Ilya A., Yakovchenko, Lidia S., Galanina, Irina A. & Ezhkin, Alexander K., 2022, Coppinsiella extremiorientalis (Teloschistaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new species from the Russian Far East and a new genus to the region, pp. 219-229 in Phytotaxa 549 (2) on pages 224-225, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6622847, {"references":["Malicek, J., Palice, Z. & Vondrak, J. (2018) Additions and corrections to the lichen biota of the Czech Republic. Herzogia 31: 453 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.13158 / heia. 31.1.2018.453"]}

The PhD thesis is composed of five published papers and one manuscript accepted for publication. The main research goal was the investigation of the taxonomy and diversity of crustose Teloschistaceae in Europe and Northern Asia with special emphasis on the genus Pyrenodesmia. The first paper investigated the delimitation of the genus Pyrenodesmia and its relationships with the closely related Caloplaca haematites and C. xerica groups and some other species. The second paper proposed standardized methods for the measurement of the morphological characters of the crustose Teloschistaceae and suggested a phenotype evaluation process for the delimitation of species that are difficult to phenotypically distinguish. The method was practically employed in the third paper for the separation of three seemingly cryptic species from the genus Pyrenodesmia, which were formally described in the paper. Another new Pyrenodesmia species was described in the fourth paper. Investigations presented in the fifth paper substantially extended the known geographical distribution of several species of crustose Teloschistaceae in Europe and Northern Asia. The accepted manuscripts proposes the description of the new species of crustose Teloschistaceae in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Our studies provide a basis for future summarizing papers on the taxonomy and diversity of the genus Pyrenodesmia in the Holarctic and the family Teloschistaceae in Russia.

The studied problem is urgent as one of the most common complications of the upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is chronic insomnia. It constitutes a serious medical and social problem considering a group of risk (children and adolescents). This article is aimed at the determination of the effect produced by the distal position of the lower jaw (distocclusion) on the UARS. The leading method is processing of data obtained during cephalometric studies that enables to determine the anteroposterior position of the lower jaw, craniocervical compensation, and diameter of the upper airways at the tongue base level. During the study it was found out that distocclusion is a direct factor that promotes UARS. This is proved by the luminal narrowing of the upper airways (8.1-9.4 mm) in these patients. The craniocervical angle was greater than 1050 indicating at the compensatory changes in the atlanto-occipital joint. The article can be useful for orthodontists, somnologists, ENT specialists, pediatricians, podiatrists and osteopathologists during an examination and provision of complex aid to children and adolescents. Key words: dentistry, orthodontics, distal occlusion, sleep disturbances, craniocervical compensation.