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Multisystemic resilience has been conceptualised as involving a constellation of protective factors that operate at different levels to promote adaptation and thriving despite experiences of adversity. There is preliminary evidence that network analytic techniques lend themselves well to exploring the interactions of a multitude of these protective factors, including individual biological and psychological capacities and social and institutional resources. We conducted a network analysis to discover how protective factors at different systemic levels (intra-personal skills and inter-personal resources) interrelate, drawing on survey data collected in 2019 from 5,283 young adults (M=24.53 years; 52% female) in Brazil, China, Indonesia, Russia, Thailand, the US, and Vietnam. The results indicated that the protective factor networks varied between each of the countries at an overall structural level, yet the level of interconnectivity between and within systemic levels varied to a lesser extent. Across the country networks, there was greater variability in the level of connectivity of inter-personal resources than the intra-personal skills. Negative interrelations were also detected between types of protective factors, indicating deactivating or inhibitory properties between system levels. The findings of this study provide an important foundation for network studies of multisystemic resilience which foreground the importance of cultural context and the impact of one system’s resilience on another.

RESUMEN El riesgo y enfermedades cardiovasculares en pacientes recuperados de COVID-19 es un campo de análisis reciente en la literatura médica mundial y de vital importancia, porque existe una gran cantidad de pacientes con complicaciones una vez terminada la fase aguda de la enfermedad. El gran espectro del daño al miocardio en esta enfermedad puede variar desde una elevación asintomática de los niveles de troponinas cardíacas, hasta la aparición de una miocarditis fulminante y/o shock circulatorio, lo que puede dejar secuelas significativas. A pesar de que no existe una estrategia clara para abordar los eventos cardíacos que aparecen durante la COVID-19, y teniendo en cuenta que el manejo se hace principalmente para controlar los síntomas del paciente a medida que surgen, el objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer y recopilar la evidencia actual en esta temática, de tal manera que se pueda ofrecer al lector una guía de consulta en español que contribuya al desarrollo de su profesión sanitaria. La metodología utilizada fue una búsqueda de literatura en bases de datos como Medline, Scopus, Science Direct, con una ventana de tiempo entre 2019 y 2022. Los principales resultados revelaron que dentro de los mecanismos moleculares y fisiopatológicos implicados en este síndrome pos-COVID, se encuentra la afectación del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, al estar ligado el tropismo del SARS-Cov-2 a la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2. Esto ocasiona una alteración de la respuesta neuro-humoral del sistema cardiovascular, renal y digestivo, lo que genera déficit en las vías de señalización y ocasiona lesión directa sobre corazón, pulmones y otros órganos. El síndrome pos-COVID-19, en general, se define como la aparición o persistencia de los síntomas posteriores a 3 o 4 semanas de aparecida la fase aguda de la enfermedad. Entonces, esta podría considerarse como una ventana de tiempo de riesgo y seguimiento estricto, para valorar de forma personalizada el riesgo entre los distintos grupos de pacientes, sobre todo de aquellos con antecedentes personales de enfermedad cardiovascular. Los principales resultados revelaron la presencia de trastornos como la insuficiencia cardiaca, las arritmias, la pericarditis y la miocarditis, que requieren de detección precoz y que se presentan días e incluso semanas posteriores a la fase aguda de la COVID-19. ABSTRACT Cardiovascular risk and diseases among patients recovered from COVID-19 is a recent field of study in the world medical literature and is also of vital importance because a large number of patients develop complications once the acute phase of the disease is over. The broad spectrum of myocardial injury in cardiovascular diseases can range from the asymptomatic elevation of cardiac troponin levels to the development of fulminant myocarditis and/or circulatory shock, which can leave significant sequelae. Despite the fact that there is no clear strategy to treat cardiac events that occur during COVID-19 infection and taking into account that treatment is mainly aimed at relieving patients’ symptoms as they arise, the objective of this work was to find out and collect current evidence on this subject, so that readers can be offered a reference guide in Spanish that contributes to the development of their health profession. The methodology used was a literature search in databases including Medline, Scopus and ScienceDirect within a time window between 2019 and 2022. The main results revealed that the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms involved in post-COVID-19 syndrome include the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system since SARS-CoV-2 tropism is linked to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. This causes an alteration of the neurohumoral response of the cardiovascular, renal and digestive systems, generating deficits in the signaling pathways and causing direct damage to the heart, lungs and other organs. PostCOVID-19 syndrome, in general, is defined as the occurrence or persistence of symptoms three or four weeks after the acute phase of the disease. This could then be considered as a time window of risk and strict follow-up to assess in a personalized way the risk among the different groups of patients, especially those with a past history of cardiovascular disease. The main results revealed disorders such as heart failure, arrhythmias, pericarditis and myocarditis, which require early detection and occur days or even weeks after the acute phase of COVID-19.

Slides accompanying the panel discussion on Tuesday the 16th of November 2021 (17:00-19:00 CET).

In RESIST (Resilience Study: What helps students to adapt to exam stress) we assessed 451 Cambridge University medical students before, during and after their yearly exam period (see Figure 1 in the attached preregistration PDF; 57% female, 41% male, 58% white). Based on our proof of principle analyses, which are reported in Fritz, Stochl, Kievit, van Harmelen and Wilkinson (2020), we found that perceived stress and mental distress were lower before than during the exams, but higher before than after the exams. A complete study description and the underlying scientific rationale can also be found in Fritz, Stochl, Kievit, et al. (2020). Here we preregister three research aims and the belonging analysis strategies. We aim to examine: 1) whether resilience factors change from the time before the stress exposure to the times during and after the stress exposure, 2) whether resilience factors change mutualistically with mental distress levels, and 3) whether resilience factors that reduce (increase in) mental distress during the stress exposure, also support recovery of mental distress after the stress exposure. We will specifically focus on two resilience factors, low brooding and high self-esteem, which have both strong empirical support for their promotive effects on mental health in the general population (Fritz et al., 2019; Fritz, Stochl, Goodyer, et al., 2020; Millar & Donnelly, 2013; Watkins, 2015), as well as in individuals exposed to stress and adversity (Boyes, Hasking, & Martin, 2015; Dubow et al., 2012; Fritz, de Graaff, Caisley, van Harmelen, & Wilkinson, 2018; Fritz et al., 2019).

Collection of resources relevant to the Personalizing Psychotherapy Journal Club. In case you plan to cite this resource or individual materials of it, please read the README Citation guide pdf file, so that we can ensure that all contributors get the credit they deserve. Thank you for your interest in the library!

This paper is part of an ongoing collaboration between architecture faculty and students. The paper highlights two student projects from a recent research studio focused on the link between regulatory documents (specifications, laws, codes, patents, etc.) and the political territories that connect building technology with the movements of construction labor. Each project interconnects two types of movement: (1) physical movements of people, materials, and machines (2) political movements and colonial structures of power. The former are visible and have limited durations, while the latter are seemingly invisible but with enduring consequences. The contemporary effects of these movements are latent in the underexamined histories of written regulatory documents. In the first project, these two types of movement intersect in the construction of the Panama Canal. The strategy for this analysis is based on visualizing concrete specifications, sanitation laws, and construction images collected from the Nichols Notebook Archive. These documents juxtapose unpredictable site conditions, yellow fever and the movement of people, with the pursuit of material predictability, such as engineered concrete. These two scales collide at the margins of the oceanic trade route, stressing the tensions between exploitative imperialist bodies and the bodies of local and migrant workers. Overlapping with the timeline of the Panama Canal construction, the second student project connects the language of twentieth century U.S. Labor Acts with the evolution of KUKA Robotic Patents. The influx of twentyfirst century industrial construction robots highlights the political implications of choreographing movement on the worksite. Both projects resulted in a series of strategies used to visualize the movements of labor, arguing that labor conditions are central to technological processes, yet peripheral to traditional architectural discourse. Examining postcolonial theory and automation discourse through the study of written regulations makes a case for expanding transdisciplinary knowledge across multiple scales of visible and invisible movements.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-eax-10.1177_21676968221090039 for A Cross-Country Network Analysis of Resilience Systems in Young Adults by Philip Jefferies, Jan Höltge, Jessica Fritz and Michael Ungar in Emerging Adulthood

Across the world about half a billion people suffer from mental health problems each year. Most of such mental distress starts to manifest before or during adolescence. Childhood adversity (CA) is strongly associated with mental health problems. Resilience factors (RFs), such as self-esteem or social support, reduce mental health problems following CA. While a multitude of knowledge exists for single RFs, a more holistic understanding of the RF landscape is lacking. Such knowledge is however crucial, as we otherwise miss out on important interrelations between RFs (e.g. family support ��� self-esteem ��� friendships), and as a focus on single RFs may overestimate their importance and ecological validity. With my doctoral research I aimed to take on this challenge, by conducting six projects. I focused on emotional, social, behavioural, and cognitive factors, rather than on the underlying biological or higher-order cultural factors, to specifically study those RFs that can be directly targeted in psychosocial interventions. The first project is a preregistered systematic review with which I aimed to identify empirically supported RFs, on the individual-, family- and community-level. Building on the notion that examining single RFs may not be sufficient to understand the system that protects individuals from developing mental health problems, the second project was aimed at examining the interrelations of those 10 RFs that were identified in the systematic review and were assessed in our population-based adolescent cohort (N > 1K). With the third project I took the research question of how RFs are interconnected a step further and tried to unravel RF changes during the vulnerable period between early (age 14) and later adolescence (age 17). The fourth project was aimed at shedding light on the relative importance as well as on the predictive value with which RFs reduce subsequent mental health problems, as such knowledge may inform risk and mental-health screening. In the fifth project I explored how RFs mitigate the relationship between CA and subsequent mental health problems, by testing a series of direct-effect, moderation and mediation models. Such information may be vital as different effects may hold different implications for intervention research. The sixth and last project was aimed at investigating the most important RFs from the previous projects, high self-esteem and low brooding, in response to a natural stressor. More specifically, I studied those two RFs before, during and after a stress-inducing exam period in medical students, to find out whether the RFs change from before to after the stressor, and whether they co-evolve with mental distress (i.e. mutual change). My doctoral research revealed that RFs indeed cut across multiple ecological levels (i.e. individual, family and community level) and that every level has a notable impact on mental health. This clearly underpins the importance of more holistic RF research. Moreover, I showed that RFs can be described as a promotive system. The RFs seemed to enhance each other less in adolescents with a CA history, compared to adolescents without a CA history. This potential disadvantage of the RF system in adolescents with CA was only detected at age 14, more proximally after CA. However, most pathways between RFs and distress did not change from earlier to later adolescence, which indicates that some deleterious effects that are associated with CA do not seem to wane over the course of adolescence. Furthermore, I found that brooding (abstract, negative-focussed, and repetitive thinking) and self-esteem (quest for nurturing and optimizing self-worth) seem to be particularly promising transdiagnostic factors for risk and mental-health screening. Those RFs had the highest relative importance and predicted subsequent distress similarly well as distress could predict itself. Brooding and self-esteem were also among those RFs that best described the deleterious relationship between CA and subsequent mental health, and may therefore be fruitful targets for psycho-education as well as for psychosocial intervention research. Last but not least my research revealed that both high self-esteem and low brooding before exams mitigate increase in mental distress during the stress-inducing exams, suggesting that both have a potentially promising prevention effect. Moreover, self-esteem during exams fostered recovery of mental distress after exams, suggesting that self-esteem may also be a fruitful target for treatments at times of stress. Of course, all findings need replication in independent samples, and derived conjectures need to be tested in translational (intervention) studies. All in all, my doctoral research has not only enhanced the empirical understanding of the complex landscape of RFs, but has also shed light on potentially time-efficient and strength-based RF targets. Therefore, my findings offer valuable recommendations for public mental health and clinical intervention research., Medical Research Council, Pinsent Darwin, and Sackler Funding

Background: Early adversity (EA) can contribute to the onset, manifestation, and course of various mental disorders. Measuring EA is still conceptually and psychometrically challenging due to issues such as content coverage, item-wording, scaling methods, and validation procedures. Further, despite research demonstrating the importance of the severity of EA, most EA scales solely focused on the 'presence-versus-absence' indicator of adverse events.Objective: To address these potentially relevant gaps, we have developed a 13-item measure of EA, the Youth and Childhood Adversity Scale (YCAS). Beyond a dichotomous assessment of whether a set of adverse events have been experienced, this scale also assesses the respective severity of these events.Methods: We evaluated the YCAS in a sample of 596 adolescent students (ages 16-19) and a second sample of 451 medical students (ages 18-30+). Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the underlying structure as proposed by the data, which was then tested with confirmatory factor analysis. We psychometrically assessed both factor scores and sum scores.Results: In both samples, a one-factorial solution was found for both responses to dichotomous items and severity items. Item loadings had a broad range, with minimum loadings of .1-.2 and maximum loadings of .7-.9. Irrespective of the response type, this factor exhibited good reliability (omega total, range: .80 - .89) and was associated with a range of mental-health outcomes, self-esteem, and childhood maltreatment. The fit of the model resembling sum scores was not satisfactory, but the sum score reliability (coefficient alpha, range: .78 - .89) was acceptable and most of the associations with the validation measures held.Conclusions: The YCAS allows an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of EA and its severity. It covers a reasonable breadth of events, whilst simultaneously being parsimonious. We discuss next steps of how to improve this measure to fully capture the complexity of EA.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-asm-10.1177_1073191120976863 for On Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance, and Suitability of Sum Scores for the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 by Jan Stochl, Eiko I. Fried, Jessica Fritz, Tim J. Croudace, Debra A. Russo, Clare Knight, Peter B. Jones and Jesus Perez in Assessment

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-asm-10.1177_1073191120976863 for On Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance, and Suitability of Sum Scores for the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 by Jan Stochl, Eiko I. Fried, Jessica Fritz, Tim J. Croudace, Debra A. Russo, Clare Knight, Peter B. Jones and Jesus Perez in Assessment

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-3-asm-10.1177_1073191120976863 for On Dimensionality, Measurement Invariance, and Suitability of Sum Scores for the PHQ-9 and the GAD-7 by Jan Stochl, Eiko I. Fried, Jessica Fritz, Tim J. Croudace, Debra A. Russo, Clare Knight, Peter B. Jones and Jesus Perez in Assessment