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Abstract Multisensory integration plays a crucial role in building the sense of body ownership, i.e., the perceptual status of one’s body for which the body is perceived as belonging to oneself. Temporal and spatial mismatching of visual and tactile signals coming from one’s body can reduce ownership feelings towards the body and its parts, i.e., produce disownership feelings. Here, we investigated whether visuo–tactile conflict also affects the sensorimotor representation of the body in space (i.e., body schema) and the perception of the space around the body in terms of action potentiality (i.e., reaching space). In two experiments, body schema (Experiment 1) and reaching space (Experiment 2) were assessed before and after either synchronous or asynchronous visuo–tactile stimulation. Results showed that the asynchronous condition, provoking multisensory conflict, caused disownership over one’s hand and concurrently affected the body schema and the reaching space. These findings indicate that body schema and reaching space could be dynamically shaped by the multisensory regularities that build up the sense of body ownership.

Acquired drug resistance to anticancer targeted therapies remains an unsolved clinical problem. Although many drivers of acquired drug resistance have been identified1-4, the underlying molecular mechanisms shaping tumour evolution during treatment are incompletely understood. Genomic profiling of patient tumours has implicated apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminases in tumour evolution; however, their role during therapy and the development of acquired drug resistance is undefined. Here we report that lung cancer targeted therapies commonly used in the clinic can induce cytidine deaminase APOBEC3A (A3A), leading to sustained mutagenesis in drug-tolerant cancer cells persisting during therapy. Therapy-induced A3A promotes the formation of double-strand DNA breaks, increasing genomic instability in drug-tolerant persisters. Deletion of A3A reduces APOBEC mutations and structural variations in persister cells and delays the development of drug resistance. APOBEC mutational signatures are enriched in tumours from patients with lung cancer who progressed after extended responses to targeted therapies. This study shows that induction of A3A in response to targeted therapies drives evolution of drug-tolerant persister cells, suggesting that suppression of A3A expression or activity may represent a potential therapeutic strategy in the prevention or delay of acquired resistance to lung cancer targeted therapy.

The ability to adjust topological features of lattice structures offers a great potential to finely calibrate their physical and mechanical response to precisely meet specific requirements. This study explores a new topological design that leverages the internal porosity of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) unit cells to optimize and control their mechanical properties. A smaller-scale TPMS lattice structure was integrated within the internal volume of the sheet-network Schwarz Primitive TPMS cell, culminating in a hybrid hierarchical architecture. Various TPMS topologies with distinct mechanical behavior and varying relative density combinations were examined. Experimental and numerical approaches were developed to reveal the structure’s deformation behaviour and quantify stiffness, anisotropy, quasi-static uniaxial compressive strength, and energy absorption capacity. The topological design of the internal lattice was found to play a key role in defining the mechanical performance of the integrated structures, leading to enhanced energy absorption up to 4 times that of the reference structure. Moreover, all the studied hierarchical topologies exhibited a lower Emax/Emin ratio in comparison to the reference topology, indicating more isotropic performance of the hybrid designs (upto 40% reduction of anisotropy). The findings underscore the significant promise of hybrid hierarchical design methodologies in attaining lattice structures with tailored properties.

The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.

In statistical landslide susceptibility evaluation, the quality of the model and its prediction image heavily depends on the quality of the landslide inventories used for calibration. However, regional-scale inventories made available by public territorial administrations are typically affected by an unknown grade of incompleteness and mapping inaccuracy. In this research, a procedure is proposed for verifying and solving such limits by applying a two-step susceptibility modeling procedure. In the Torto River basin (central-northern Sicily, Italy), using an available regional landslide inventory (267 slide and 78 flow cases), two SUFRA_1 models were first prepared and used to assign a landslide susceptibility level to each slope unit (SLU) in which the study area was partitioned. For each of the four susceptibility classes that were obtained, 30% of the mapping units were randomly selected and their stable/unstable status was checked by remote analysis. The new, increased inventories were finally used to recalibrate two SUFRA_2 models. The prediction skills of the SUFRA_1 and SUFRA_2 models were then compared by testing their accuracy in matching landslide distribution in a test sub-basin where a high-resolution systematic inventory had been prepared. According to the results, the strong limits of the SUFRA_1 models (sensitivity: 0.67 and 0.57 for slide and flow, respectively) were largely solved by the SUFRA_2 model (sensitivity: 1 for both slide and flow), suggesting the proposed procedure as a possibly suitable modeling strategy for regional susceptibility studies.

Abstract The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.

Osimertinib and dacomitinib are approved as first-line treatment of EGFR-mutant NSCLC but resistance can arise. Here, the authors use a computational model to identify an optimal dosing schedule for osimertinib and dacomitinib combination therapy that was confirmed tolerable and effective in an ongoing phase I clinical trial.

The prevalence of both obesity and suicide ideation has risen in the last several decades among young adults in the United States (U.S.). Obesity is highly stigmatized in the U.S. and leads to discrimination and societal rejection, which suggests that obesity may increase the risk of suicide ideation. However, no U.S. population-representative studies to date have investigated the relationship between body weight and suicide ideation among young adults. We make this contribution by analyzing data from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Our results indicate obesity is not related to suicide ideation among young men or young women and overweight young men have lower odds of suicide ideation than normal weight young men. We speculate that these findings may be attributable to the very high U.S. overweight and obesity prevalence, which has made obesity more common despite stigmatization.

Objectives: The immunologic profile and opportunistic viral DNA increase were monitored in Italian patients with COVID-19 in order to identify markers of disease severity. Methods: A total of 104 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated in the study. Of them, 42/104 (40.4%) were hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU) and 62/104(59.6%) in a sub-intensive care unit (SICU). Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Parvovirus B19 and Human Herpesvirus 6 virus reactivations were determined by real-time PCR, and lymphocyte subpopulation counts were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Among opportunistic viruses, only EBV was consistently detected. EBV DNA was observed in 40/42 (95.2%) of the ICU patients and in 51/61 (83.6%) of the SICU patients. Comparing the two groups of patients, the EBV DNA median level among ICU patients was significantly higher than that observed in SICU patients. In parallel, a significant reduction of CD8 T cell and NK count in ICU patients as compared with SICU patients was observed (p

Abstract The accelerated growth rate of repository entries in crystallographic databases makes it arduous to identify and classify their prototype structures. The open-source AFLOW-XtalFinder package was developed to solve this problem. It symbolically maps structures into standard designations following the AFLOW Prototype Encyclopedia and calculates the internal degrees of freedom consistent with the International Tables for Crystallography. To ensure uniqueness, structures are analyzed and compared via symmetry, local atomic geometries, and crystal mapping techniques, simultaneously grouping them by similarity. The software (i) distinguishes distinct crystal prototypes and atom decorations, (ii) determines equivalent spin configurations, (iii) reveals compounds with similar properties, and (iv) guides the discovery of unexplored materials. The operations are accessible through a Python module ready for workflows, and through command line syntax. All the 4+ million compounds in the AFLOW.org repositories are mapped to their ideal prototype, allowing users to search database entries via symbolic structure-type. Furthermore, 15,000 unique structures — sorted by prevalence — are extracted from the AFLOW-ICSD catalog to serve as future prototypes in the Encyclopedia.

Introduction: To describe a case of an isolated clival mucocele presenting asymptomatically after previous endoscopic sinus surgery and review the existing literature on the clinical characteristics associated with these lesions. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: We present a case of a clival mucocele that was found incidentally in a 66-year-old female undergoing hearing loss evaluation and had previously undergone endoscopic sphenoidotomy 17 years prior. The lesion was drained via an expanded endonasal endoscopic approach without complication and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of mucocele. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the efficacy of a surgical approach to cystic lesions of the clivus and highlights the importance of regular follow-up after endoscopic sinus surgery to detect these potentially subtle lesions and prevent their symptomatic progression.

Hispanics' paradoxical life expectancy advantage over whites has largely been attributed to Hispanics' lower smoking prevalence. Yet across birth cohorts, smoking prevalence has declined for whites and Hispanics, and Hispanics' obesity prevalence has increased substantially. Our analysis uses data from the 1989 to 2014 National Health Interview Survey and Linked Mortality files to investigate whether these trends could lead Hispanics to lose their comparative mortality advantage. Simulations suggest that foreign-born Hispanics' life expectancy advantage over whites is likely to persist because cohort trends in smoking and obesity largely offset each other. However, U.S.-born Hispanics' life expectancy advantage over whites is likely to diminish or disappear entirely as the 1970s and 1980s birth cohorts age due to increases in obesity prevalence and the relatively high mortality risks of those who are obese. Results have important implications for understanding the future of immigrants' health advantages and ethnic disparities in health.

Abstract In human‐modified landscapes, important ecological functions such as predation are negatively affected by anthropogenic activities, including the use of pesticides and habitat degradation. Predation of insect pests is an indicator of healthy ecosystem functioning, which provides important ecosystem services, especially for agricultural systems. In this study, we compare predation attempts from arthropods, mammals, and birds on artificial caterpillars in the understory, between three tropical agricultural land‐use types: oil palm plantations, rubber tree plantations, and fruit orchards. We collected a range of local and landscape‐scale data including undergrowth vegetation structure; elevation; proximity to forest; and canopy cover in order to understand how environmental variables can affect predation. In all three land‐use types, our results showed that arthropods and mammals were important predators of artificial caterpillars and there was little predation by birds. We did not find any effect of the environmental variables on predation. There was an interactive effect between land‐use type and predator type. Predation by mammals was considerably higher in fruit orchards and rubber tree than in oil palm plantations, likely due to their ability to support higher abundances of insectivorous mammals. In order to maintain or enhance natural pest control in these common tropical agricultural land‐use types, management practices that benefit insectivorous animals should be introduced, such as the reduction of pesticides, improvement of understory vegetation, and local and landscape heterogeneity.

Introduction: The ventilatory threshold (named as VT1) and the respiratory compensation point (named as VT2) describe prominent changes of metabolic demand and exercise intensity domains during an incremental exercise test.Methods: A novel computerized method based on the optimization method was developed for automatically determining VT1 and VT2 from expired air during a progressive maximal exercise test. A total of 109 peak cycle tests were performed by members of the US astronaut corps (74 males and 35 females). We compared the automatically determined VT1 and VT2 values against the visual subjective and independent analyses of three trained evaluators. We also characterized VT1 and VT2 and the respective absolute and relative work rates and distinguished differences between sexes.Results: The automated compared to the visual subjective values were analyzed for differences with t test, for agreement with Bland–Altman plots, and for equivalence with a two one-sided test approach. The results showed that the automated and visual subjective methods were statistically equivalent, and the proposed approach reliably determined VT1 and VT2 values. Females had lower absolute O2 uptake, work rate, and ventilation, and relative O2 uptake at VT1 and VT2 compared to men (p ≤ 0.04). VT1 and VT2 occurred at a greater relative percentage of their peak VO2 for females (67 and 88%) compared to males (55 and 74%; main effect for sex: p

Weed management in large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSS-PV) farms has become a great concern to the solar industry due to scarcity of labour and the ever-increasing price of pesticides, which opens up possibilities for integrated farming, also known as agrivoltaics. Improper weed control may have multiple negative impacts such as permanent shading of the module surface, pest housing which damages communication cables, and even bush fires. The shaded PV modules can be heated up to extreme temperatures, causing costly burn-out damage. Critical information on the types of weeds on solar farms, especially in Malaysia, has not been established to support the concept of weed management. Thus, with this study, detailed composition of the weed community was obtained via quadrat sampling between solar PV modules, near ground equipment, near perimeter fencing, and directly underneath the PV modules. Weed-control measures via high-quality weedmat installation under solar PV arrays have been implemented where this approach can be considered effective on solar farms based on the existing PV structure height and equipment constraints plus the increasing cost for labour and agricultural inputs. This work underlines the proposed Agrivoltaic for Large Scale Solar (Agrivoltaic4LSS) program to complement the solar industry in Malaysia towards an agrivoltaic, eco-friendly approach to weed management.

To date, the idea of using livestock animals as biological tools to manage weeds, sequester carbon, and boost food security in oil palm plantations has not been seriously considered by industry stakeholders of major producing countries (e.g., Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Colombia, and Nigeria). We revisit the integration of oil palm cultivation with livestock farming as a silvopastoral agroforestry practice in the wake of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Oil palm-livestock integration has the potential to promote sustainable palm oil production because it can provide multiple environmental and socio-economic benefits, including carbon sequestration, restoring top soil, improving ecosystem biodiversity, reducing pesticide and fertilizer inputs, and boosting national food security. In contrast to monocultural outputs of most conventional plantations, an oil palm silvopastoral system is an ideal way to address the global food insecurity challenge as it produces bioenergy, vegetable oil/fat and animal-based protein sources (e.g., red meat). In addition, the potential of contract targeted grazing could be considered as a new type of business and income diversification for rural people. Oil palm-livestock integration is a strategy by the palm oil industry to achieve multiple SDGs. Out of the 17 SDGs, oil palm-livestock integration is likely to deliver nine SDGs. Palm oil certification bodies should recognize oil palm-livestock integration as a biological control method in weed management practices. We recommend that oil palm-livestock integration should be promoted to revitalize sustainable palm oil production and strategic biodiversity conservation policy. Policy makers should encourage major players in the palm oil industry to practice oil palm-livestock integration.

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that do not tolerate/accept continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are candidates for surgical alternatives. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) through the implantation of the Inspire® device constitutes a minimally invasive operative option. The main objective of this study is to estimate, under real-world clinical practice conditions, the 3-month impact on the quality of life (IQoL) of the HNS in patients with moderate/severe OSA who do not tolerate or accept CPAP, compared to patients who did not receive HNS. As a baseline, the unadjusted EuroQol utility index was 0.764 (SD:0.190) in the intervention group (IGr) and 0.733 (SD:0.205) in the control group (CGr); three months later, the indexes were 0.935 (SD: 0.101) and 0.727 (SD:0.200), respectively. The positive impact on quality of life was estimated to be +0.177 (95% CI: 0.044–0.310; p = 0.010). All dimensions in the IGr improved compared to CGr, especially for usual activities (p < 0.001) and anxiety/depression (p > 0.001). At the end of the follow-up, there was no significant difference in the quality of life between the general Spanish population and the IGr (difference: 0.012; CI95%: −0.03 to −0.057; p = 0.0578) for the same age range; however, there was a difference concerning the CGr (difference: −0.196; CI95%: −0.257 to −0.135; p < 0.001). In conclusion, patients with moderate/severe OSA implanted with the Inspire® device showed a positive IQoL.

Salah satu bentuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya pesisir dan laut di Kabupaten Malang berupa pengembangan kawasan wisata pantai. Dalam hal ini bentuk wisata pantai yang dikembangkan adalah kegiatan rekreasi pantai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesesuaian wisata rekreasi dan merumuskan strategi pengelolaan kawasan wisata pantai. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pantai Ungapan di Desa Gajahrejo, Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif denganteknik analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan sekunder. Pengumpulan data primer dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rapid integrated survey sumber daya alam wilayah pesisir, observasi dan wawancara. Pengumpulan data sekunder bersumber dari studi pustaka dan dokumen dari instansi terkait. Teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu perhitungan Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) untuk rekreasi dan metode SOAR. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan IKW, Pantai Ungapan termasuk kategori sesuai yang dapat dijadikan kawasan ekowisata pantai dengan nilai 93%. Strategi yang dapat diterapkan di Pantai Ungapan yaitu mengoptimalkan seluruh potensi yang ada dan kerjasama seluruh stakeholders pariwisata untuk mewujudkan pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan. Pembangunan keberlanjutan merupakan upaya terpadu dan terorganisasi untuk mengembangkan kualitas hidup dengan cara mengatur penyediaan, pengembangan, pemanfaatan, dan pemeliharaan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan. DOI: 10.17977/um022v4i12019p049

Since the landmark enactment of Education of the Handicapped Act in 1975, special education supports and services have been provided to children with disabilities. Although costly, the intentionality of these specialized services has been to advance the educational and societal opportunities of children with disabilities as they progress to adulthood. For our republished article in this issue of "JSE's" 50th anniversary volume, we have selected an article by Paul Morgan, Michelle Frisco, George Farkas, and Jacob Hibel. In this research, Morgan and his colleagues quantified the effectiveness of special education services on children's learning and behavioral outcomes using large-scale longitudinal data. Their results challenge all education professionals to explore ways to increase the effectiveness of special education and to document research efforts that provide clear evidence that the services and supports provided to individuals with disabilities are improving the extent to which they fully experience the benefits of education and participate fully in society.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a major global public health crisis. In response, researchers and pharmaceutical companies worked together for the rapid development of vaccines to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with viral infection. Monitoring host immunity following virus infection and/or vaccination is essential to guide vaccination intervention policy. Humoral immune response to vaccination can be assessed with serologic testing, and indeed, many serological immunoassays are now in use. However, these many different assays make the standardization of test results difficult. Moreover, most published serological tests require venous blood sampling, which makes testing large numbers of people complex and costly. Here, we validate the GSP®/DELFIA® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG kit using dried blood samples for high-throughput serosurveillance using standard quantitative measurements of anti-spike S1 IgG antibody concentrations. We then apply our validated assay to compare post-vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG levels from subjects who received a double dose of the AZD1222 vaccine with those vaccinated with a heterologous strategy, demonstrating how this assay is suitable for large-scale screening to achieve a clearer population immune picture.