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The prevention of hydrogeological emergency and territorial management cannot cope only with technical and structural defence measures. A safety and sustainable management concerning cost-effective, environmental and social aspect has to consider a daily and continuous involvement of local communities. Risk knowledge and awareness of territory depict solutions of soft mitigation, transforming local inhabitants from vulnerable elements to actors participating of own security within shared territorial areas. Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IRPI) and Institute of International Sociology Gorizia (ISIG) arranged a DG ECHO financed project. MAppERS1 (Mobile Applications for Emergency Response and Support) aims to involve citizens and CP volounteers within a complete smartphone app development cycle (design, testing, training and feedback). The expected output is a crowd-sourcing solution based on standardized data collected by human-sensors, like useful system to improve quality on prevention capacity within hydrogeological emergency phases. MAppERS embraces rescue services, local stakeholders agencies with own volounteers added to local trained citizens in pilot areas. Final end-users participate actively in the development cycle, to guarantee a self-based instrument dedicate to their useful requirement. They become mappers of territory as long-term target of community involvement within emergency prevention task. The paper shows methodologies to delineate participation of population in the development cycle as laboratory for future local-based experiences of territorial management.

The responsibilities within natural hazards at local/regional levels involve citizens and volunteers as first actors of civil protection and territorial management. The notion of prevention implicates the capacities of professional operators and technical volunteers, however giving priority now to the involvement and awareness of the citizens over the territory they inhabit. Their participation creates context-specific strategies of territorial surveillance and management, extending the realm of risk awareness beyond those that have to bear the impacts with their own lives.

MappERS1 (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) is a EU project funded under programme 2013-2015 Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, ECHO A5. The project deals with capacity of human sensors towards smartphone application (SA) in the contest of prevention and crisis support for natural hazards. Citizens and volunteers are first actors of civil protection and the crowdsourcing creates local and context-specific strategies of surveillance and territorial management. The SA splits into module MAppERS-V for volunteers, and module MAppERS-C for citizens re-designed according to methodological and logical testing gained during pilot study. People involved in training and piloting fulfills a long term objective of participation and crowdsourcing as actors of prevention of hazards, according to the priorities set by the Hyogo Framework, reducing costs of emergency management and promoting responsibilisation of the population. Training curricula for citizens and volounteers will promote awareness, territorial knowledge and specialized jargon to communicate hazard-relevant information toward smartphone. For a meaningful SA a review of best practices of information scheme is compulsory. An analysis on Graphical User Interface (GUI) adopted within SA for natural hazards offers a baseline of communication scheme for MAppERS frame. Following Quesenbery (2003) the usability as design principle handles five components. The efficiency is the speed with which users achieve their goals, the effectiveness highlights the completeness and accuracy with which users achieve their goals, the engagement reveals the level to which the style of the interface makes using the application a pleasing experience. Furthermore the easiness to learn describe how simple it is to start using the interface, and get a deeper understanding of its capabilities. The error tolerance finally shows how the design prevents users from committing errors, and how it helps in correcting them when they occur. The review strengthened criteria for layout, navigation, accessibility, icon setup and text guidelines design (Fowler & Stanwick, 2004; Extron, 2010; Garrett, 2011; Wong, 2011). The development is proceeding for Android 4.0 onwards, covering 82.6% devices as of today. The Web Application includes a Cloud Architecture, a Relational Data Base and Web services, integrated with a Cloud Notification SDK to send push notification. The Mobile App Android includes an app Skeleton, the communication structure 1 http://www.mappers.eu/ 657 Geomatics Workbooks n° 12 - "FOSS4G Europe Como 2015" (SMS, Emails and phone calls). The bug-fixing and training will be set during piloting and the crowdsource becomes a continuous source of development, testing and updating each smartphone components. The wireframe contains a screen for registering and login common for both modules. The access and tools are later split for the two modules. MAppERS-C proposes a Personal Flood Plan toolkit. Users are citizens, voluntary registered and able to create own set of prevention measures, sharing geo-located information during critical step before flooding events. MAppERS-V is a Danger Survey toolkit for rescue crew, to collect and organize real-time and standardized information for damages during crisis. The first draft of modules provides options to customize dropdown lists and sliding tools for end-users, enlarging the quality of the application based on local experts and witnesses. The expected results are: a) an easy-touse interface for "human-data" in crisis management, b) a maximised utility of peer-produced data gathering, c) the development of human resources as technical support d) a self-based awareness improvement.

Mount Rotolon (Eastern Italian Alps) is affected by a complex landslide that, since 1985, is threatening the nearby village of Recoaro Terme. The first written proof of a landslide occurrence dated back to 1798. After the last re-activation on November 2010 (637 mm of intense rainfall recorded in the 12 days prior the event), a mass of approximately 320.000 m3 detached from the south flank of Mount Rotolon and evolved into a fast debris flow that ran for about 3 km along the stream bed. A real-time monitoring system was required to detect early indication of rapid movements, potentially saving lives and property. A web-based platform for automatic and continuous monitoring was designed as a first step in the implementation of an early-warning system. Measurements collected by the automated geotechnical and topographic instrumentation, deployed over the landslide body, are gathered in a central box station. After the calibration process, they are transmitted by web services on a local server, where graphs, maps, reports and alert announcement are automatically generated and updated. All the processed information are available by web browser with different access rights. The web environment provides the following advantages: 1) data is collected from different data sources and matched on a single server-side frame 2) a remote user-interface allows regular technical maintenance and direct access to the instruments 3) data management system is synchronized and automatically tested 4) a graphical user interface on browser provides a user-friendly tool for decision-makers to interact with a system continuously updated. On this site two monitoring systems are actually on course: 1) GB-InSAR radar interferometer (University of Florence - Department of Earth Science) and 2) Automated Total Station (ATS) combined with extensometers network in a Web-based solution (CNR-IRPI Padova). This work deals with details on methodology, services and techniques adopted for the second monitoring solution. The activity directly interfaces with local Civil Protection agency, Regional Geological Service and local authorities with integrated roles and aims.

The main aim of this work is developing new technologies for managing emergencies in the field of Civil Protection. In Italy and in Lombardy there are many lows that govern the management of emergencies and give directives to guide the implementation of municipal emergency plans for the Civil Defence. The innovative aspect of this research is to combine the potential of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), of Decisions Support Systems (DSS) and of the most modern mobile technologies (for communication) for the emergency management in a real-time. For this work is used a software called PETer (developed by Globo Srl), a geographic information system that is able to integrate different kind of information. This software allows us to manage all the information that are necessary to the implementation of an emergency plan and is able to give guidelines for overcoming it. In this way all the involved people are able to know what they have to do in all the phases of the emergency. The potential of the software is being consultable, easy usable and upgradeable.