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2. Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) daily and monthly level-3 products of atmospheric trace gas columns

Author

Environment Research and Technology Development Fund, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), #NODATA#, Heue, Klaus Peter [0000-0001-8823-7712], Hedelt, Pascal [0000-0002-1752-0040], Loyola, Diego [0000-0002-8547-9350], Pinardi, Gaia [0000-0001-5428-916X], Kumar, Vinod [0000-0002-8405-3470], Bais, Alkis [0000-0003-3899-2001], Takashima, Hisahiro [0000-0001-5267-0792], Frieß, Udo [0000-0001-7176-7936], Richter, Andreas [0000-0003-3339-212X], Ma, Jianzhong [0000-0002-9510-5432], Holla, Robert [0000-0002-6445-9510], Postylyakov, Oleg [0000-0003-4202-1945], Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia [0000-0002-8617-265X], Wenig, Mark [0000-0002-9255-083X], Chan, Ka Lok, Valks, Pieter, Heue, Klaus Peter, Lutz, Ronny, Hedelt, Pascal, Loyola, Diego, Pinardi, Gaia, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, François, Wagner, Thomas, Kumar, Vinod, Bais, Alkis, Piters, Ankie, Irie, Hitoshi, Takashima, Hisahiro, Kanaya, Yugo, Choi, Yongjoo, Park, Kihong, Chong, Jihyo, Cede, Alexander, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Ma, Jianzhong, Benavent, Nuria, Holla, Robert, Postylyakov, Oleg, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia, Wenig, Mark, Environment Research and Technology Development Fund, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan), #NODATA#, Heue, Klaus Peter [0000-0001-8823-7712], Hedelt, Pascal [0000-0002-1752-0040], Loyola, Diego [0000-0002-8547-9350], Pinardi, Gaia [0000-0001-5428-916X], Kumar, Vinod [0000-0002-8405-3470], Bais, Alkis [0000-0003-3899-2001], Takashima, Hisahiro [0000-0001-5267-0792], Frieß, Udo [0000-0001-7176-7936], Richter, Andreas [0000-0003-3339-212X], Ma, Jianzhong [0000-0002-9510-5432], Holla, Robert [0000-0002-6445-9510], Postylyakov, Oleg [0000-0003-4202-1945], Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia [0000-0002-8617-265X], Wenig, Mark [0000-0002-9255-083X], Chan, Ka Lok, Valks, Pieter, Heue, Klaus Peter, Lutz, Ronny, Hedelt, Pascal, Loyola, Diego, Pinardi, Gaia, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, François, Wagner, Thomas, Kumar, Vinod, Bais, Alkis, Piters, Ankie, Irie, Hitoshi, Takashima, Hisahiro, Kanaya, Yugo, Choi, Yongjoo, Park, Kihong, Chong, Jihyo, Cede, Alexander, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Ma, Jianzhong, Benavent, Nuria, Holla, Robert, Postylyakov, Oleg, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia, and Wenig, Mark

Abstract

We introduce the new Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) daily and monthly level-3 product of total column ozone (O3), total and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (NO2), total column water vapour, total column bromine oxide (BrO), total column formaldehyde (HCHO), and total column sulfur dioxide (SO2) (daily products 10.15770/EUM-SAF-AC-0048, ; monthly products 10.15770/EUM-SAF-AC-0049, ). The GOME-2 level-3 products aim to provide easily translatable and user-friendly data sets to the scientific community for scientific progress as well as to satisfy public interest. The purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical basis as well as the verification and validation of the GOME-2 daily and monthly level-3 products. The GOME-2 level-3 products are produced using the overlapping area-weighting method. Details of the gridding algorithm are presented. The spatial resolution of the GOME-2 level-3 products is selected based on the sensitivity study. The consistency of the resulting level-3 products among three GOME-2 sensors is investigated through time series of global averages, zonal averages, and bias. The accuracy of the products is validated by comparison to ground-based observations. The verification and validation results show that the GOME-2 level-3 products are consistent with the level-2 data. Small discrepancies are found among three GOME-2 sensors, which are mainly caused by the differences in the instrument characteristic and level-2 processor. The comparison of GOME-2 level-3 products to ground-based observations in general shows very good agreement, indicating that the products are consistent and fulfil the requirements to serve the scientific community and general public.

Published
2023

3. Weekly-derived top-down VOC fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data in 2018–2021

Author

Oomen, Glenn-Michael, primary, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, additional, De Smedt, Isabelle, additional, Blumenstock, Thomas, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Makarova, Maria, additional, Palm, Mathias, additional, Röhling, Amelie, additional, Té, Yao, additional, Vigouroux, Corinne, additional, Friedrich, Martina M., additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, and Wagner, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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4. Supplementary material to "Weekly-derived top-down VOC fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data in 2018–2021"

Author

Oomen, Glenn-Michael, primary, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, additional, De Smedt, Isabelle, additional, Blumenstock, Thomas, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Makarova, Maria, additional, Palm, Mathias, additional, Röhling, Amelie, additional, Té, Yao, additional, Vigouroux, Corinne, additional, Friedrich, Martina M., additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, and Wagner, Thomas, additional

Published
2023
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6. Weekly derived top-down volatile-organic-compound fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data from 2018 to 2021.

Author

Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, De Smedt, Isabelle, Blumenstock, Thomas, Kivi, Rigel, Makarova, Maria, Palm, Mathias, Röhling, Amelie, Té, Yao, Vigouroux, Corinne, Friedrich, Martina M., Frieß, Udo, Hendrick, François, Merlaud, Alexis, Piters, Ankie, Richter, Andreas, Van Roozendael, Michel, and Wagner, Thomas

Subjects
SEMIVOLATILE organic compounds, TROPOSPHERIC ozone, BIOMASS burning, VOLATILE organic compounds, CLOUDINESS, CHEMICAL models, REMOTE sensing
Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. Although the terrestrial biosphere is by far the largest source of VOCs into the atmosphere, the emissions of biogenic VOCs remain poorly constrained at the regional scale. In this work, we derive top-down biogenic emissions over Europe using weekly averaged TROPOMI formaldehyde (HCHO) data from 2018 to 2021. The systematic bias of the TROPOMI HCHO columns is characterized and corrected for based on comparisons with FTIR data at seven European stations. The top-down fluxes of biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic VOC sources are optimized using an inversion framework based on the MAGRITTEv1.1 chemistry transport model and its adjoint. The inversion leads to strongly increased isoprene emissions with respect to the MEGAN–MOHYCAN inventory over the model domain (from 8.1 to 18.5 Tgyr-1), which is driven by the high observed TROPOMI HCHO columns in southern Europe. The impact of the inversion on biomass burning VOCs (+ 13 %) and anthropogenic VOCs (- 17 %) is moderate. An evaluation of the optimized HCHO distribution against ground-based remote sensing (FTIR and MAX-DOAS) and in situ data provides generally improved agreement at stations below about 50 ∘ N but indicates overestimated emissions in northern Scandinavia. Sensitivity inversions show that the top-down emissions are robust with respect to changes in the inversion settings and in the model chemical mechanism, leading to differences of up to 10 % in the total emissions. However, the top-down emissions are very sensitive to the bias correction of the observed columns, as the biogenic emissions are 3 times lower when the correction is not applied. Furthermore, the use of different a priori biogenic emissions has a significant impact on the inversion results due to large differences among bottom-up inventories. The sensitivity run using CAMS-GLOB-BIOv3.1 as a priori emissions in the inversion results in 30 % lower emissions with respect to the optimization using MEGAN–MOHYCAN. In regions with large temperature and cloud cover variations, there is strong week-to-week variability in the observed HCHO columns. The top-down emissions, which are optimized at weekly increments, have a much improved capability of representing these large fluctuations than an inversion using monthly increments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Weekly-derived top-down VOC fluxes over Europe from TROPOMI HCHO data in 2018–2021.

Author

Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, De Smedt, Isabelle, Blumenstock, Thomas, Kivi, Rigel, Makarova, Maria, Palm, Mathias, Röhling, Amelie, Yao Té, Vigouroux, Corinne, Friedrich, Martina M., Frieß, Udo, Hendrick, François, Merlaud, Alexis, Piters, Ankie, Richter, Andreas, Van Roozendael, Michel, and Wagner, Thomas

Abstract

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key precursors of particulate matter and tropospheric ozone. Although the terrestrial biosphere is by far the largest source of VOCs into the atmosphere, the emissions of biogenic VOCs remain poorly constrained at regional scale. In this work, we derive top-down biogenic emissions over Europe using weekly-averaged TROPOMI formaldehyde (HCHO) data from 2018 to 2021. The systematic bias of the TROPOMI HCHO columns is characterized and corrected for based on comparisons with FTIR data at seven European stations. The top-down fluxes of biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic VOC sources are optimized using an inversion framework based on the MAGRITTEv1.1 chemistry transport model and its adjoint. The inversion leads to strongly increased isoprene emissions with respect to the MEGAN-MOHYCAN inventory over the model domain (from 8.1 to 18.5 Tg yr−1 ) which is driven by the high observed TROPOMI HCHO columns in southern Europe. The impact of the inversion on biomass burning VOCs (+13%) and anthropogenic VOCs (−17%) is moderate. An evaluation of the optimized HCHO distribution against ground-based remote sensing (FTIR and MAX-DOAS) and in situ data provides generally improved agreement at stations below about 50° N, but indicates overestimated emissions in northern Scandinavia. Sensitivity inversions show that the top-down emissions are robust with respect to changes in the inversion settings and in the model chemical mechanism. However, the top-down emissions are very sensitive to the bias correction of the observed columns. Furthermore, the use of different a priori emissions has a significant impact on the inversion results due to large differences among bottom-up inventories. In regions with variable meteorology, there is strong week-to-week variability in the observed HCHO columns. The top-down emissions, which are optimized at weekly increments, have a much improved capability of representing these large fluctuations than an inversion using monthly increments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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14. Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) Daily and Monthly Level 3 Products of Atmospheric Trace Gas Columns

Author

Chan, Ka Lok, primary, Valks, Pieter, additional, Heue, Klaus-Peter, additional, Lutz, Ronny, additional, Hedelt, Pascal, additional, Loyola, Diego, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Kanaya, Yugo, additional, Takashima, Hisahiro, additional, Choi, Yongjoo, additional, Park, Kihong, additional, Chong, Jihyo, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Holla, Robert, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Rivera Cárdenas, Claudia, additional, and Wenig, Mark, additional

Published
2022
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15. Ground-based validation of the MetOp-A and MetOp-B GOME-2 OClO measurements

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Valks, Pieter, additional, Alwarda, Ramina, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Granville, José, additional, Gu, Myojeong, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, and Yela Gonzalez, Margarita, additional

Published
2022
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16. Source mechanisms and transport patterns of tropospheric bromine monoxide: findings from long-term multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy measurements at two Antarctic stations.

Author

Frieß, Udo, Kreher, Karin, Querel, Richard, Schmithüsen, Holger, Smale, Dan, Weller, Rolf, and Platt, Ulrich

Subjects
BROMINE, OPTICAL spectroscopy, LIGHT absorption, SEA ice, ATMOSPHERIC mercury, BROMINE compounds, ICE shelves
Abstract

The presence of reactive bromine in polar regions is a widespread phenomenon that plays an important role in the photochemistry of the Arctic and Antarctic lower troposphere, including the destruction of ozone, the disturbance of radical cycles, and the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury. The chemical mechanisms leading to the heterogeneous release of gaseous bromine compounds from saline surfaces are in principle well understood. There are, however, substantial uncertainties about the contribution of different potential sources to the release of reactive bromine, such as sea ice, brine, aerosols, and the snow surface, as well as about the seasonal and diurnal variation and the vertical distribution of reactive bromine. Here we use continuous long-term measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosols at the two Antarctic sites Neumayer (NM) and Arrival Heights (AH), covering the periods of 2003–2021 and 2012–2021, respectively, to investigate how chemical and physical parameters affect the abundance of BrO. We find the strongest correlation between BrO and aerosol extinction (R=0.56 for NM and R=0.28 for AH during spring), suggesting that the heterogeneous release of Br2 from saline airborne particles (blowing snow and aerosols) is a dominant source for reactive bromine. Positive correlations between BrO and contact time of air masses, both with sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheet, suggest that reactive bromine is not only emitted by the sea ice surface but by the snowpack on the ice shelf and in the coastal regions of Antarctica. In addition, the open ocean appears to represent a source for reactive bromine during late summer and autumn when the sea ice extent is at its minimum. A source–receptor analysis based on back trajectories and sea ice maps shows that main source regions for BrO at NM are the Weddell Sea and the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, as well as coastal polynyas where sea ice is newly formed. A strong morning peak in BrO frequently occurring during summer and that is particularly strong during autumn suggests a night-time build-up of Br2 by heterogeneous reaction of ozone on the saline snowpack in the vicinity of the measurement sites. We furthermore show that BrO can be sustained for at least 3 d while travelling across the Antarctic continent in the absence of any saline surfaces that could serve as a source for reactive bromine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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20. Aerosol profiling during the large scale field campaign CINDI-2

Author

Apituley Arnoud, Roozendael Michel Van, Richter Andreas, Wagner Thomas, Friess Udo, Hendrick Francois, Kreher Karin, and Tirpitz Jan-Lukas

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

For the validation of space borne observations of NO2 and other trace gases from hyperspectral imagers, ground based instruments based on the MAXDOAS technique are an excellent choice, since they rely on similar retrieval techniques as the observations from orbit. To ensure proper traceability of the MAXDOAS observations, a thorough validation and intercomparison is mandatory. Advanced MAXDOAS observation and retrieval techniques enable inferring vertical structure of trace gases and aerosols. These techniques and their results need validation by e.g. lidar techniques. For the proper understanding of the results from passive remote sensing techniques, independent observations are needed that include parameters needed to understand the light paths, i.e. in-situ aerosol observations of optical and microphysical properties, and essential are in particular the vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties by (Raman) lidar. The approach used in the CINDI-2 campaign held in Cabauw in 2016 is presented in this paper and the results will be discussed in the presentation at the conference.

Published
2018
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23. Measurement Report: MAX-DOAS measurements characterise Central London ozone pollution episodes during 2022 heatwaves.

Author

Ryan, Robert G., Marais, Eloise Ann, Gershenson-Smith, Eleanor, Ramsay, Robbie, Muller, Jan-Peter, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, and Frieß, Udo

Subjects
HEAT waves (Meteorology), EMISSIONS (Air pollution), OZONE, TROPOSPHERIC ozone, EFFECT of human beings on climate change, TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, AIR quality standards, VOLATILE organic compounds
Abstract

Heatwaves are a substantial health threat in the UK, exacerbated by co-occurrence of ozone pollution episodes. Here we report on first use of retrieved vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) over Central London from a newly installed Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instrument coincident with two of three heatwaves for the hottest summer on record. We evaluate space-based sensor observations routinely used to quantify temporal changes in air pollution and precursor emissions over London. Collocated daily mean tropospheric column densities from the high spatial resolution space-based TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and MAX-DOAS, after accounting for differences in vertical sensitivities, are temporally consistent for NO2 and HCHO (both R = 0.71). TROPOMI NO2 is 27–31 % less than MAX-DOAS NO2, as expected from horizontal dilution of NO2 by TROPOMI pixels in polluted cities. TROPOMI HCHO is 20 % more than MAX-DOAS HCHO; greater than differences in past validation studies, but within the range of systematic errors in the MAX-DOAS retrieval. The MAX-DOAS lowest layer (~55 m altitude) retrievals have similar day-to-day and hourly variability to the surface sites for comparison of NO2 (R ≥ 0.7) and for MAX-DOAS HCHO versus surface site isoprene (R > 0.6) that oxidizes to HCHO in prompt and high yields. Daytime ozone production, diagnosed with MAX-DOAS HCHO-to-NO2 tropospheric vertical column ratios, is mostly limited by availability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), except on heatwave days. Temperature dependent biogenic VOC emissions of isoprene increase exponentially, resulting in ozone concentrations that exceed the regulatory standard for ozone and cause non-compliance at urban background sites in Central London. Locations in Central London heavily influenced by traffic remain in compliance, but this is likely to change with stricter controls on vehicle emissions of NOx and higher likelihood of heatwave frequency, severity and persistence due to anthropogenic climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Ground-based validation of the MetopA and B GOME-2 OClO measurements

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Valks, Pieter, additional, Alwarda, Ramina, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Granville, José, additional, Gu, Myojeong, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, and Yela Gonzalez, Margarita, additional

Published
2021
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27. Source Mechanisms and transport Patterns of tropospheric BrO: Findings from long-term MAX-DOAS Measurements at two Antarctic Stations.

Author

Frieß, Udo, Kreher, Karin, Querel, Richard, Schmithüsen, Holger, Smale, Dan, Weller, Rolf, and Platt, Ulrich

Subjects
TROPOSPHERE, BROMINE, AEROSOL industry, AIRBORNE infection, SUMMER
Abstract

The presence of reactive bromine in Polar Regions is a widespread phenomenon that plays an important role in the photochemistry of the Arctic and Antarctic lower troposphere, including the destruction of ozone, the disturbance of radical cycles, and the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury. The chemical mechanisms leading to the heterogeneous release of gaseous bromine compounds from saline surfaces are in principle well understood. There are, however, substantial uncertainties about the contribution of different potential sources to the release of reactive bromine, such as sea ice, brine, aerosols and the snow surface, as well as about the seasonal and diurnal variation and the vertical distribution of reactive bromine. Here we use continuous long-term measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosols at the two Antarctic sites Neumayer (NM) and Arrival Heights (AH), covering the periods of 2003–2021 and 2012–2021, respectively, to investigate how chemical and physical parameters affect the abundance of BrO. We find the strongest correlation between BrO and aerosol extinction (R = 0.56 for NM and R = 0.28 for AH during spring), suggesting that the heterogeneous release of Br2 from saline airborne particles (blowing snow and aerosols) is a dominant source for reactive bromine. Positive correlations between BrO and contact time of air masses both, with sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheet suggest that reactive bromine is not only emitted by the sea ice surface, but by the snowpack on the ice shelf and in the coastal regions of Antarctica. In addition, the open ocean appears to represent a source for reactive bromine during late summer and autumn when the sea ice extent is at its minimum. A source-receptor analysis based on back trajectories together with sea ice maps shows that main source regions for BrO at NM is the Weddell Sea and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, as well as coastal polynias where sea ice is newly formed. A strong morning peak in BrO frequently occuring during summer, and particular during autumn, suggests a night-time built up of Br2 by heterogeneous reaction of ozone on the saline snow pack in the vicinity of the measurement sites. We furthermore show that BrO can be sustained for several days while travelling across the Antarctic continent in the absence of any saline surfaces that could serve as a source for reactive bromine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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32. Validation of satellite OClO products from S5P/TROPOMI and MetopA and B/GOME2 

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Meier, Andreas, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Gu, Myojeong, additional, Friess, Udo, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Brognar, Kristof, additional, Alwarda, Ramina, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, and Valks, Pieter, additional

Published
2021
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34. Intercomparison of NO2, O-4, O-3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV-visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author

Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, BK Scientific GmbH, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Changchun Branch] (CAS), Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Physics [Toronto], University of Toronto, A.M.Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Belarusian State University, Meteorologisches Institut München (MIM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), School of Earth and Space Sciences [Hefei], University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Boulder], University of Colorado [Boulder], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA), European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Center for Environmental Remote Sensing [Chiba] (CEReS), Chiba University, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Institute of Environmental Physics [Heidelberg] (IUP), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali (IISER Mohali), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Mohali], Department of Atmospheric and Cryospheric Sciences [Innsbruck] (ACINN), Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute for Meteorology and Climatology [Vienna] (BOKU-Met), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Liaoning Technical University [Huludao], Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Fudan University [Shanghai], DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Environment and Climate Change Canada, and Electrical and Computer Engineering

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Science & Technology, RAMAN-SCATTERING, RETRIEVAL, CROSS-SECTIONS, BRO, RADIATIVE-TRANSFER, Physical Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, OPTICAL-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY, FORMALDEHYDE, CAMPAIGN, NITROGEN-DIOXIDE, AEROSOL EXTINCTION
Abstract

In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O-4) and ozone (O-3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the selected reference (which is obtained from the median of either all data sets or a subset), and the rms error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the consistency between all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques. Netherlands Space Office (NSO); ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA) project [4000118533/16/I-Sbo]; ESA through the FRM4DOAS (ESA) project [4000118181/16/I-EF]; EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV projectEuropean Union (EU) [607405]; Austrian Science Fund (FWF)Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [I 2296-N29]; Canadian Space Agency (AVATARS project); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (PAHA project); Canada Foundation for InnovationCanada Foundation for Innovation; UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO [ESP2015-71299-R]; DFG project RAPSODI [PL 193/17-1]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES)Centre National D'etudes Spatiales; National funding project HELADO [CTM2013-41311-P]; National funding project AVATAR [CGL2014-55230-R]; Russian Science FoundationRussian Science Foundation (RSF) [16-17-10275]; Russian Foundation for Basic ResearchRussian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) [16-05-01062, 18-35-00682]; ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant) [654109]; NASA's Atmospheric Composition ProgramNational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) [NASA-16-NUP2016-0001]; US National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [AGS-1620530]; NASANational Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA); University of Bremen; DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM"German Research Foundation (DFG); University of Bremen Institutional Strategy of the DFG; Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project; NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program CINDI-2 received funding from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Funding for this study was provided by ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA contract no. 4000118533/16/I-Sbo) and FRM4DOAS (ESA contract no. 4000118181/16/I-EF) projects and partly within the EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV project (grant agreement no. 607405). The BOKU MAX-DOAS instrument was funded and the participation of Stefan F. Schreier was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 2296-N29. The participation of the University of Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Space Agency (through the AVATARS project) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (through the PAHA project). The instrument was primarily funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). Funding for CISC was provided by the UVAS ("Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder") projects SEOSAT/INGENIO, ESP2015-71299-R, MINECO-FEDER and UE. The activities of the IUP-Heidelberg were supported by the DFG project RAPSODI (grant no. PL 193/17-1). SAOZ and Mini-SAOZ instruments are supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). INTA recognises support from the National funding projects HELADO (CTM2013-41311-P) and AVATAR (CGL2014-55230-R). AMOIAP recognises support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-17-10275) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 16-05-01062 and 18-35-00682). Ka L. Chan received transnational access funding from ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant agreement no. 654109). Rainer Volkamer recognises funding from NASA's Atmospheric Composition Program (NASA-16-NUP2016-0001) and the US National Science Foundation (award AGS-1620530). Henning Finkenzeller is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. Mihalis Vrekoussis recognises support from the University of Bremen and the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence "The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM". Financial support through the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative is gratefully appreciated for Anja Schonhardt. Pandora instrument deployment was supported by Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project and NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters' Tropospheric Composition Program. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by BK Scientific.

Published
2020

35. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV¿visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author

Kreher, Karin, Roozendael, Michel van, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Mónica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, N., Bösch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Lok Chan, Ka, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, García-Nieto, D., Gielen, Clio, Gómez-Martín, L., Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Iri, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnsto, Paul, Khayyam But, Junaid, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, T.K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Li, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, A.K., Müller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, M., Ostendorf, M., Pazmin, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, M., Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, A., Schönhardt, A., Schreier, S.F., Seyler, André, Sinha, V., Spinei, Elena, Strong, K., Tack, F., Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, M., Tirpitz, J.-L., Gent, J. van, Volkamer, R., Vrekoussis, M., Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, F., Xie, P.H., Xu, Jin, Yela, M., Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, Netherlands Space Office, European Space Agency, European Commission, Austrian Science Fund, University of Toronto, Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Russian Science Foundation, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), University of Bremen, and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center

Abstract

40 pags., 22 figs., 13 tabs., In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17¿d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97¿¿N, 4.93¿¿E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O4) and ozone (O3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument and for each of the target data products. The slope and intercept of the regression analysis respectively quantify the mean systematic bias and offset of the individual data sets against the selected reference (which is obtained from the median of either all data sets or a subset), and the rms error provides an estimate of the measurement noise or dispersion. These three criteria are examined and for each of the parameters and each of the data products, performance thresholds are set and applied to all the measurements. The approach presented here has been developed based on heritage from previous intercomparison exercises. It introduces a quantitative assessment of the consistency between all the participating instruments for the MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky DOAS techniques., CINDI-2 received funding from the Netherlands Space Office (NSO). Funding for this study was provided by ESA through the CINDI-2 (ESA contract no. 4000118533/16/ISbo) and FRM4DOAS (ESA contract no. 4000118181/16/I-EF) projects and partly within the EU 7th Framework Programme QA4ECV project (grant agreement no. 607405). The BOKU MAX-DOAS instrument was funded and the participation of Stefan F. Schreier was supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): I 2296-N29. The participation of the University of Toronto team was supported by the Canadian Space Agency (through the AVATARS project) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (through the PAHA project). The instrument was primarily funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and is usually operated at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) by the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC). Funding for CISC was provided by the UVAS (“Ultraviolet and Visible Atmospheric Sounder”) projects SEOSAT/INGENIO, ESP2015-71299- R, MINECO-FEDER and UE. The activities of the IUP-Heidelberg were supported by the DFG project RAPSODI (grant no. PL 193/17-1). SAOZ and Mini-SAOZ instruments are supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES). INTA recognises support from the National funding projects HELADO (CTM2013-41311-P) and AVATAR (CGL2014-55230-R). AMOIAP recognises support from the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 16-17-10275) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant nos. 16-05- 01062 and 18-35-00682). Ka L. Chan received transnational access funding from ACTRIS-2 (H2020 grant agreement no. 654109). Rainer Volkamer recognises funding from NASA’s Atmospheric Composition Program (NASA-16-NUP2016-0001) and the US National Science Foundation (award AGS-1620530). Henning Finkenzeller is the recipient of a NASA graduate fellowship. Mihalis Vrekoussis recognises support from the University of Bremen and the DFG Research Center/Cluster of Excellence “The Ocean in the Earth System-MARUM”. Financial support through the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative is gratefully appreciated for Anja Schönhardt. Pandora instrument deployment was supported by Luftblick through the ESA Pandonia Project and NASA Pandora Project at the Goddard Space Flight Center under NASA Headquarters’ Tropospheric Composition Program. The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by BK Scientific.

Published
2020

36. Validation of tropospheric NO2 column measurements of GOME-2A and OMI using MAX-DOAS and direct sun network observations

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, François, Theys, Nicolas, Abuhassan, Nader, Bais, Alkiviadis, Boersma, Folkert, Cede, Alexander, Chong, Jihyo, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Frieß, Udo, Granville, José, Herman, Jay R., Eskes, Henk, Holla, Robert, Hovila, Jari, Irie, Hitoshi, Kanaya, Yugo, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, Kouremeti, Natalia, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, Ma, Jianzhong, Peters, Enno, Piters, Ankie, Postylyakov, Oleg, Richter, Andreas, Remmers, Julia, Takashima, Hisahiro, Tiefengraber, Martin, Valks, Pieter, Vlemmix, Tim, Wagner, Thomas, and Wittrock, Folkard

Abstract

MAX-DOAS and direct sun NO2 vertical column network data are used to investigate the accuracy of tropospheric NO2 column measurements of the GOME-2 instrument on the MetOP-A satellite platform and the OMI instrument on Aura. The study is based on 23 MAX-DOAS and 16 direct sun instruments at stations distributed worldwide. A method to quantify and correct for horizontal dilution effects in heterogeneous NO2 field conditions is proposed. After systematic application of this correction to urban sites, satellite measurements are found to present smaller biases compared to ground-based reference data in almost all cases. We investigate the seasonal dependence of the validation results, as well as the impact of using different approaches to select satellite ground pixels in coincidence with ground-based data. In optimal comparison conditions (satellite pixels containing the station) the median bias between satellite tropospheric NO2 column measurements and the ensemble of MAX-DOAS and direct sun measurements is found to be significant and equal to −36 % for GOME-2A and −20 % for OMI. These biases are further reduced to −24 % and −8 % respectively, after application of the dilution correction. Comparisons with the QA4ECV satellite product for both GOME-2A and OMI is also performed, showing less scatter but also a slightly larger median tropospheric NO2 column bias with respect to the ensemble of MAX-DOAS and direct sun measurements.

Published
2020

37. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV¿visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author

Netherlands Space Office, European Space Agency, European Commission, Austrian Science Fund, University of Toronto, Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Russian Science Foundation, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), University of Bremen, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Kreher, Karin, Roozendael, Michel van, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Mónica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Bösch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Lok Chan, Ka, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, García-Nieto, D., Gielen, Clio, Gómez-Martín, L., Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Iri, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnsto, Paul, Khayyam But, Junaid, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, T.K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Li, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, A.K., Müller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, M., Ostendorf, M., Pazmin, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, M., Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, A., Schönhardt, A., Schreier, S.F., Seyler, André, Sinha, V., Spinei, Elena, Strong, K., Tack, F., Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, M., Tirpitz, J.-L., Gent, J. van, Volkamer, R., Vrekoussis, M., Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, F., Xie, P.H., Xu, Jin, Yela, M., Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, Netherlands Space Office, European Space Agency, European Commission, Austrian Science Fund, University of Toronto, Canadian Space Agency, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canada Foundation for Innovation, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Russian Science Foundation, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), University of Bremen, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Kreher, Karin, Roozendael, Michel van, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Frieß, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Mónica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Bösch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Lok Chan, Ka, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, García-Nieto, D., Gielen, Clio, Gómez-Martín, L., Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Iri, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnsto, Paul, Khayyam But, Junaid, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, T.K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Li, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, A.K., Müller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, M., Ostendorf, M., Pazmin, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, M., Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, C., Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, A., Schönhardt, A., Schreier, S.F., Seyler, André, Sinha, V., Spinei, Elena, Strong, K., Tack, F., Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, M., Tirpitz, J.-L., Gent, J. van, Volkamer, R., Vrekoussis, M., Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, F., Xie, P.H., Xu, Jin, Yela, M., Zhang, Chengxin, and Zhao, Xiaoyi

Abstract

In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17¿d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97¿¿N, 4.93¿¿E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O4) and ozone (O3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by each instrument

Published
2020

38. Inter-comparison of MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric HONO slant column densities and vertical profiles during the CINDI-2 campaign

Author

European Space Agency, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Max Planck Society, Wang, Y., Apituley, A., Bais, A., Beirle, S., Benavent, Nuria, Borovski, A., Bruchkouski, I., Lok Chan, K., Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, T., Finkenzeller, H., Friedrich, M.M., Frieß, Udo, García-Nieto, D., Gómez-Martín, L., Hilboll, A., Jin, J., Johnston, P., Koenig, T.K., Kreher, K., Kumar, V., Kyuberis, A., Lampel, J., Liu, C., Liu, H., Ma, J., Polyansky, O.L., Postylyakov, O., Querel, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schmitt, S., Tian, X., Tirpitz, J.L., Van Roozendael, M., Volkamer, R., Wang, Z., Xie, P., Xing, C., Xu, J., Yela, M., Zhang, C., Wagner, T., European Space Agency, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Science Foundation (US), European Commission, Max Planck Society, Wang, Y., Apituley, A., Bais, A., Beirle, S., Benavent, Nuria, Borovski, A., Bruchkouski, I., Lok Chan, K., Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, T., Finkenzeller, H., Friedrich, M.M., Frieß, Udo, García-Nieto, D., Gómez-Martín, L., Hilboll, A., Jin, J., Johnston, P., Koenig, T.K., Kreher, K., Kumar, V., Kyuberis, A., Lampel, J., Liu, C., Liu, H., Ma, J., Polyansky, O.L., Postylyakov, O., Querel, R., Saiz-Lopez, A., Schmitt, S., Tian, X., Tirpitz, J.L., Van Roozendael, M., Volkamer, R., Wang, Z., Xie, P., Xing, C., Xu, J., Yela, M., Zhang, C., and Wagner, T.

Abstract

We present the inter-comparison of delta slant column densities (SCDs) and vertical profiles of nitrous acid (HONO) derived from measurements of different multiaxis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAXDOAS) instruments and using different inversion algorithms during the Second Cabauw Inter-comparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI- 2) in September 2016 at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97° N, 4.93° E). The HONO vertical profiles, vertical column densities (VCDs), and near-surface volume mixing ratios are compared between different MAX-DOAS instruments and profile inversion algorithms for the first time. Systematic and random discrepancies of the HONO results are derived from the comparisons of all data sets against their median values. Systematic discrepancies of HONO delta SCDs are observed in the range of ±0:3×1015 molec. cm2, which is half of the typical random discrepancy of 0:6× 1015 molec. cm2. For a typical high HONO delta SCD of 2×1015 molec. cm2, the relative systematic and random discrepancies are about 15% and 30 %, respectively. The inter-comparison of HONO profiles shows that both systematic and random discrepancies of HONO VCDs and nearsurface volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are mostly in the range of ∼ ±0:5×1014 molec. cm2 and ∼ ±0:1 ppb (typically ∼ 20 %). Further we find that the discrepancies of the retrieved HONO profiles are dominated by discrepancies of the HONO delta SCDs. The profile retrievals only contribute to the discrepancies of the HONO profiles by ∼ 5 %. However, some data sets with substantially larger discrepancies than the typical values indicate that inappropriate implementations of profile inversion algorithms and configurations of radiative transfer models in the profile retrievals can also be an important uncertainty source. In addition, estimations of measurement uncertainties of HONO dSCDs, which can significantly impact profile retrievals using the optimal estimation method, need to consider n

Published
2020

39. Intercomparison of NO2, O4, O3 and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author

Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhao, Xiaoyi, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kreher, Karin, Van Roozendael, Michel, Hendrick, Francois, Apituley, Arnoud, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, Friess, Udo, Richter, Andreas, Wagner, Thomas, Lampel, Johannes, Abuhassan, Nader, Ang, Li, Anguas, Monica, Bais, Alkis, Benavent, Nuria, Boesch, Tim, Bognar, Kristof, Borovski, Alexander, Bruchkouski, Ilya, Cede, Alexander, Chan, Ka Lok, Donner, Sebastian, Drosoglou, Theano, Fayt, Caroline, Finkenzeller, Henning, Garcia-Nieto, David, Gielen, Clio, Gomez-Martin, Laura, Hao, Nan, Henzing, Bas, Herman, Jay R., Hermans, Christian, Hoque, Syedul, Irie, Hitoshi, Jin, Junli, Johnston, Paul, Butt, Junaid Khayyam, Khokhar, Fahim, Koenig, Theodore K., Kuhn, Jonas, Kumar, Vinod, Liu, Cheng, Ma, Jianzhong, Merlaud, Alexis, Mishra, Abhishek K., Mueller, Moritz, Navarro-Comas, Monica, Ostendorf, Mareike, Pazmino, Andrea, Peters, Enno, Pinardi, Gaia, Pinharanda, Manuel, Piters, Ankie, Platt, Ulrich, Postylyakov, Oleg, Prados-Roman, Cristina, Puentedura, Olga, Querel, Richard, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Schoenhardt, Anja, Schreier, Stefan F., Seyler, Andre, Sinha, Vinayak, Spinei, Elena, Strong, Kimberly, Tack, Frederik, Tian, Xin, Tiefengraber, Martin, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, van Gent, Jeron, Volkamer, Rainer, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, Wang, Shanshan, Wang, Zhuoru, Wenig, Mark, Wittrock, Folkard, Xie, Pinhua H., Xu, Jin, Yela, Margarita, Zhang, Chengxin, and Zhao, Xiaoyi

Abstract

In September 2016, 36 spectrometers from 24 institutes measured a number of key atmospheric pollutants for a period of 17 d during the Second Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI-2) that took place at Cabauw, the Netherlands (51.97 degrees N, 4.93 degrees E). We report on the outcome of the formal semi-blind intercomparison exercise, which was held under the umbrella of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and the European Space Agency (ESA). The three major goals of CINDI-2 were (1) to characterise and better understand the differences between a large number of multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and zenith-sky DOAS instruments and analysis methods, (2) to define a robust methodology for performance assessment of all participating instruments, and (3) to contribute to a harmonisation of the measurement settings and retrieval methods. This, in turn, creates the capability to produce consistent high-quality ground-based data sets, which are an essential requirement to generate reliable long-term measurement time series suitable for trend analysis and satellite data validation. The data products investigated during the semi-blind intercomparison are slant columns of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), the oxygen collision complex (O-4) and ozone (O-3) measured in the UV and visible wavelength region, formaldehyde (HCHO) in the UV spectral region, and NO2 in an additional (smaller) wavelength range in the visible region. The campaign design and implementation processes are discussed in detail including the measurement protocol, calibration procedures and slant column retrieval settings. Strong emphasis was put on the careful alignment and synchronisation of the measurement systems, resulting in a unique set of measurements made under highly comparable air mass conditions. The CINDI-2 data sets were investigated using a regression analysis of the slant columns measured by

Published
2020

40. Concurrent multiaxis differential optical absorption spectroscopy system for the measurement of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide

Author

Leigh, Roland J., Corlett, Gary K., Friess, Udo, and Monks, Paul S.

Subjects
Absorption spectra -- Usage, Nitrogen dioxide -- Optical properties, Image processing -- Methods, Astronomy, Physics
Abstract

The development of a new concurrent multiaxis (CMAX) sky viewing spectrometer to monitor rapidly changing urban concentrations of nitrogen dioxide is detailed. The CMAX differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique involves simultaneous spectral imaging of the zenith and off-axis measurements of spatially resolved scattered sunlight. Trace-gas amounts are retrieved from the measured spectra using the established DOAS technique. The potential of the CMAX DOAS technique to derive information on rapidly changing concentrations and the spatial distribution of N[O.sub.2] in an urban environment is demonstrated. Three example data sets are presented from measurements during 2004 of tropospheric N[O.sub.2] over Leicester, UK (52.62[degrees]N, 1.12[degrees]W). The data demonstrate the current capabilities and future potential of the CMAX DOAS method in terms of the ability to measure real-time spatially disaggregated urban N[O.sub.2]. OCIS codes: 010.1120, 120.0280, 300.0300.

Published
2006

41. Intercomparison of MAX-DOAS vertical profile retrieval algorithms: studies on field data from the CINDI-2 campaign

Author

Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, primary, Frieß, Udo, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Alberti, Carlos, additional, Allaart, Marc, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Beirle, Steffen, additional, Berkhout, Stijn, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Bösch, Tim, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, den Hoed, Mirjam, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Fayt, Caroline, additional, Friedrich, Martina M., additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Gast, Lou, additional, Gielen, Clio, additional, Gomez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hao, Nan, additional, Hensen, Arjan, additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Kreher, Karin, additional, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Li, Ang, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Liu, Haoran, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Platt, Ulrich, additional, Puentedura, Olga, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Schmitt, Stefan, additional, Spinei, Elena, additional, Stein Zweers, Deborah, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Swart, Daan, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, van der Hoff, René, additional, van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Vlemmix, Tim, additional, Vonk, Jan, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Wang, Yang, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Wenig, Mark, additional, Wiegner, Matthias, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, Xie, Pinhua, additional, Xing, Chengzhi, additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Zhao, Xiaoyi, additional

Published
2021
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42. Evolution of observed ozone, trace gases, and meteorological variables over Arrival Heights, Antarctica (77.8°S, 166.7°E) during the 2019 Antarctic stratospheric sudden warming

Author

Smale, Dan, primary, Strahan, Susan E., additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Nedoluha, Gerald E., additional, Nichol, Sylvia E., additional, Robinson, John, additional, Boyd, Ian, additional, Kotkamp, Michael, additional, Gomez, R. Michael, additional, Murphy, Mark, additional, Tran, Hue, additional, and McGaw, Jamie, additional

Published
2021
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43. Validation of tropospheric NO<sub>2</sub> column measurements of GOME-2A and OMI using MAX-DOAS and direct sun network observations

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Theys, Nicolas, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Bais, Alkiviadis, additional, Boersma, Folkert, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chong, Jihyo, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Dzhola, Anatoly, additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Granville, José, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Holla, Robert, additional, Hovila, Jari, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Kanaya, Yugo, additional, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, additional, Kouremeti, Natalia, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Remmers, Julia, additional, Takashima, Hisahiro, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Valks, Pieter, additional, Vlemmix, Tim, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, and Wittrock, Folkard, additional

Published
2020
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44. Inter-comparison of MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric HONO slant column densities and vertical profiles during the CINDI-2 campaign

Author

Wang, Yang, primary, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Bais, Alkiviadis, additional, Beirle, Steffen, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Friedrich, Martina M., additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Hilboll, Andreas, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kreher, Karin, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Kyuberis, Aleksandra, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Liu, Haoran, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Polyansky, Oleg L., additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schmitt, Stefan, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Xie, Pinhua, additional, Xing, Chengzhi, additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Wagner, Thomas, additional

Published
2020
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45. Intercomparison of NO<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>4</sub>, O<sub>3</sub> and HCHO slant column measurements by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV–visible spectrometers during CINDI-2

Author

Kreher, Karin, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, Francois, additional, Apituley, Arnoud, additional, Dimitropoulou, Ermioni, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Lampel, Johannes, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Ang, Li, additional, Anguas, Monica, additional, Bais, Alkis, additional, Benavent, Nuria, additional, Bösch, Tim, additional, Bognar, Kristof, additional, Borovski, Alexander, additional, Bruchkouski, Ilya, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Fayt, Caroline, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Garcia-Nieto, David, additional, Gielen, Clio, additional, Gómez-Martín, Laura, additional, Hao, Nan, additional, Henzing, Bas, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Hoque, Syedul, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Jin, Junli, additional, Johnston, Paul, additional, Khayyam Butt, Junaid, additional, Khokhar, Fahim, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Kuhn, Jonas, additional, Kumar, Vinod, additional, Liu, Cheng, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Merlaud, Alexis, additional, Mishra, Abhishek K., additional, Müller, Moritz, additional, Navarro-Comas, Monica, additional, Ostendorf, Mareike, additional, Pazmino, Andrea, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Pinardi, Gaia, additional, Pinharanda, Manuel, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Platt, Ulrich, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Prados-Roman, Cristina, additional, Puentedura, Olga, additional, Querel, Richard, additional, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, additional, Schönhardt, Anja, additional, Schreier, Stefan F., additional, Seyler, André, additional, Sinha, Vinayak, additional, Spinei, Elena, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Tian, Xin, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Tirpitz, Jan-Lukas, additional, van Gent, Jeroen, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Wang, Shanshan, additional, Wang, Zhuoru, additional, Wenig, Mark, additional, Wittrock, Folkard, additional, Xie, Pinhua H., additional, Xu, Jin, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zhang, Chengxin, additional, and Zhao, Xiaoyi, additional

Published
2020
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46. Supplementary material to "Validation of tropospheric NO2 column measurements of GOME-2A and OMI using MAX-DOAS and direct sun network observations"

Author

Pinardi, Gaia, primary, Van Roozendael, Michel, additional, Hendrick, François, additional, Theys, Nicolas, additional, Abuhassan, Nader, additional, Bais, Alkiviadis, additional, Boersma, Folkert, additional, Cede, Alexander, additional, Chong, Jihyo, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Drosoglou, Theano, additional, Frieß, Udo, additional, Granville, José, additional, Herman, Jay R., additional, Eskes, Henk, additional, Holla, Robert, additional, Hovila, Jari, additional, Irie, Hitoshi, additional, Kanaya, Yugo, additional, Karagkiozidis, Dimitris, additional, Kouremeti, Natalia, additional, Lambert, Jean-Christopher, additional, Ma, Jianzhong, additional, Peters, Enno, additional, Piters, Ankie, additional, Postylyakov, Oleg, additional, Richter, Andreas, additional, Remmers, Julia, additional, Takashima, Hisahiro, additional, Tiefengraber, Martin, additional, Valks, Pieter, additional, Vlemmix, Tim, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, and Wittrock, Folkard, additional

Published
2020
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