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Sea ice is a crucial component for short-, medium- and long-term numerical weather predictions. Most importantly, changes of sea ice coverage and areas covered by thin sea ice have a large impact on heat fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. L-band brightness temperatures from ESA's Earth Explorer SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) have been proven to be a valuable tool to derive thin sea ice thickness. These retrieved estimates were already successfully assimilated in forecasting models to constrain the ice analysis, leading to more accurate initial conditions and subsequently more accurate forecasts. However, the brightness temperature measurements can potentially be assimilated directly in forecasting systems, reducing the data latency and providing a more consistent first guess. As a first step towards such a data assimilation system we studied the forward operator that translates geophysical parameters provided by a model into brightness temperatures. We use two different radiative transfer models to generate top of atmosphere brightness temperatures based on ORAP5 model output for the 2012/2013 winter season. The simulations are then compared against actual SMOS measurements. The results indicate that both models are able to capture the general variability of measured brightness temperatures over sea ice. The simulated brightness temperatures are dominated by sea ice coverage and thickness changes are most pronounced in the marginal ice zone where new sea ice is formed. There we observe the largest differences of more than 20 K over sea ice between simulated and observed brightness temperatures. We conclude that the assimilation of SMOS brightness temperatures yields high potential for forecasting models to correct for uncertainties in thin sea ice areas and suggest that information on sea ice fractional coverage from higher-frequency brightness temperatures should be used simultaneously.

Brightness temperatures at 1.4 GHz (L-band) measured by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Mission have been used to derive the thickness of sea ice. The retrieval method is applicable only for relatively thin ice and not during the melting period. Hitherto, the availability of ground truth sea ice thickness measurements for validation of SMOS sea ice products was mainly limited to relatively thick ice. The situation has improved with an extensive field campaign in the Barents Sea during an anomalous ice edge retreat and subsequent freeze-up event in March 2014. A sea ice forecast system for ship route optimisation has been developed and was tested during this field campaign with the ice-strengthened research vessel RV Lance. The ship cruise was complemented with coordinated measurements from a helicopter and the research aircraft Polar 5. Sea ice thickness was measured using an electromagnetic induction (EM) system from the bow of RV Lance and another EM-system towed below the helicopter. Polar 5 was equipped among others with the L-band radiometer EMIRAD-2. The experiment yielded a comprehensive data set allowing the evaluation of the operational forecast and route optimisation system as well as the SMOS-derived sea ice thickness product that has been used for the initialization of the forecasts. Two different SMOS sea ice thickness products reproduce the main spatial patterns of the ground truth measurements while the main difference being an underestimation of thick deformed ice. Ice thicknesses derived from the surface elevation measured by an airborne laser scanner and from simultaneous EMIRAD-2 brightness temperatures correlate well up to 1.5 m which is more than the previously anticipated maximal SMOS retrieval thickness.

The German writerJean Paul (Johann Paul Friedrich Richter, 1763-1825) and his friendJohann Bernhard Hermann (1761-1790) became acquainted with the thoughts of late Enlightenment at the University of Leipzig. They particularly appreciated the anthropology of Ernst Platner, who taught philosophy and aesthetics as well as medicine. Their confidential correspondence contains reflections on their respective situation and well being. Both write about feeling ill and label their illness "hypochondria". In the course of the correspondence Jean Paul's understanding of hypochondria evolves from an illness of the entrails as he follows Hermann, who supports the modern concept of hypochondria as an illness of the nerves. Two important themes from this correspondence recur in Jean Paul's novels and tales: firstly, his way of expressing comfort is related to his aesthetics, and secondly, the satirical way of portraying at least certain aspects of illness as imaginary reappears in his first successful novel "The Invisible Lodge" (1793).

On rearrangement, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol (1) yields 1-acetyl-1-cyclohexene (2). At −78°C in the presence of LDA, 2 reacts with aldehydes/ketones yielding the aldols 5/8, which are dehydrated to the title compounds 6 or 9. At room temp., a reaction between the lithium derivative of 2 and 6 ensues, yielding the bicyclic products 10. These can also be prepared independently from isolated 6 and 2 with LDA or butyllithium in high yields. The stereochemistry is elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and the minimum energy conformation of 10a is calculated. The stereoselective formation of 10 is explained by a lithium-controlled sequential Michael reaction.

18-Nor-16-azaestrane derivatives with 8β, 13β, and 14β orientation were isolated from Diels-Alder reactions between maleimides or citraconimide and 1-(1-siloxyvinyl)naphthalene derivatives. (8RS)-13,14,16-Triazaestrane derivatives were synthesized from 1,2,4-triazolin-3,5-diones. The parent 11-oxo derivatives were obtained by desilylation, and they were transformed into 11-hydroxyimino derivatives. 3-Hydroxy derivatives, finally were synthesized by cleavage of the 3-methoxy group with BBr3. During these transformations the stereochemistry of the steroidal skeleton was not changed. The stereochemistry of these “unnatural” steroids was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, and compared with results from calculations, and with the configuration of natural estrane derivatives. Finally, an improved method for the synthesis of the starting material, 6-methoxy-1-[(1-trialkylsiloxy)-vinyl]-3,4-dihydronaphthalene was developed.

In the beginning of the 18th century Halle Pietists tried to establish a specific approach to sickness and healing. They constructed close links between physical illness on the one hand and the religious concept of individual piety, penance and rebirth on the other. This new' pietist medicine largely depended on Georg Ernst Stahl's medical theory, which was not pietist in itself, but was adopted and simplified by pietist physicians. Although conclusive and rhetorically present in programmatic texts, pietist medicine turned out to be less influential on medical practice than expected.

Abstract 4900 Recent advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma have increased response rates and treatment outcomes and raised hopes that myeloma may soon be turned into a chronic disease. However, myeloma treatment is often associated with various side effects that can sometimes have a significant impact on the quality of life of myeloma patients and also affect the overall treatment plan. An international comparative survey of myeloma patients and patient relatives and healthcare professionals is conducted to assess perceptions of how myeloma patients are informed about potential side effects of myeloma treatment options, the impact of treatment side effects on a myeloma patient's overall well-being and on the course of myeloma treatment, the satisfaction concerning the management of treatment side effects, potential side effects that myeloma patients don't feel comfortable reporting to their doctor as well as potential reasons for not reporting them, and the satisfaction concerning access to information and support, access to novel treatments, coverage of treatment costs, overall quality of treatment and care, and psycho-social and emotional support. The comparative survey is conducted based on 2 comparable two-page questionnaires, 1 for healthcare professionals and 1 for myeloma patients and patient relatives. The survey consists of 9 multiple-choice and ranking format questions. The questionnaires were developed by ME. They were pre-tested with both professional and patient communities and are available in 6 languages: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, PL. The survey is distributed by mail or e-mail, it can be taken online via accessing the organisation's web site, and it is conducted on paper at haematological and oncological congresses and patient information days. To date, a total of 272 healthcare professionals from 44 countries and 257 myeloma patients and patient relatives from 21 countries have responded to the survey. Data gathering will continue until mid OCT 2009 and final survey results will be presented at ASH 2009. The survey was made possible through an unrestricted grant from Ortho Biotech, Biopharmaceutical Division of Janssen-Cilag. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Abstract 4907 Patients who follow all the instructions about a course of treatment as directed by their doctor or nurse can be described as ‘compliant’ with a treatment plan. It is well-understood that failure of patients to follow treatment plans or understand the requirements after leaving their care could result in poor treatment outcomes, compounding health problems and additional health care costs. An international comparative survey of myeloma patients and patient relatives and healthcare professionals is conducted to assess perceptions of how myeloma treatment plans are determined, the familiarity of myeloma patients with their treatment plan, the satisfaction concerning the level of treatment compliance-related information, the factors that might have a negative effect on treatment compliance, the effect of one exemplary treatment side effect (peripheral neuropathy) on treatment compliance, and overall myeloma treatment compliance. The goal of the survey is to help patient and medical communities recognise the importance of patient compliance and the issues and challenges patients face in complying with their treatment. Learnings from the survey will be used to help improve myeloma patient compliance. The comparative survey is conducted based on 2 comparable two-page questionnaires, 1 for healthcare professionals and 1 for myeloma patients and patient relatives. The survey consists of 9 multiple-choice and ranking format questions. The questionnaires were developed by ME. They were pre-tested with both professional and patient communities and are available in 6 languages: DE, EN, ES, FR, IT, TR. The survey is distributed by mail or e-mail, it can be taken online through accessing the organisation's web site, and it is conducted on paper at haematological and oncological congresses and patient information days. To date, a total of 129 healthcare professionals from 42 countries and 191 myeloma patients and patient relatives from 11 countries have responded to the survey. Data gathering will continue until mid OCT 2009 and the final survey results will be presented at ASH 2009. The survey was made possible through an unrestricted grant from Celgene International. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Acetylcyclohexene is transformed into decalones by a two step Michael reaction with high stereo- and regioselectivity, while the Diels - Alder reaction in this case shows poor selectivity.

1. Es wird ein Apparat zur Untersuchung der elastischen Krafte und der Reibungskrafte beschrieben, welche bei Dehnung im Muskel entstehen. Der Apparat arbeitet nach dem vonGildemeister fur die Eindringungselastizitat, vonBethe undSteinhausen fur die Dehnungselastizitat bereits angewandten Prinzip der Stoselastometrie. 2. Aus der graphisch registrierten Schwingungskurve wird nach dem Vorgang vonSteinhausen die Dampfung ermittelt. Durch eine Extrapolation wird aus den mittleren Fehlergrosen bei Messungen an homogenen Materialien mit kleiner Dampfung auf die Fehler bei Messungen am Muskel geschlossen. 3. Die Anwendbarkeit der Methodik auf den in situ befindlichen Muskel wird in zwei Versuchen dargetan.

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