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ZusammenfassungEine psychologische Analyse von Teilhabe, die das relationale Konzept von Behinderung ernst nimmt und Veränderungswissen generieren will, bedarf theoretischer Konzepte, die das Zusammenspiel von sozial-physischer Umwelt und Person in Handlungskontexten abbilden. Ökologisch-psychologische Ansätze wie das Behavior Setting-Konzept von Roger Barker können hier einen Beitrag leisten. Das Potenzial des Behavior Setting-Konzepts für die Teilhabeforschung wird in drei Bereichen ausgelotet: inklusive Gestaltung von Settings, dyadisches Handeln eines Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung und einer Assistenzperson, Förderung von Begegnungen und Bekanntschaften im Sozialraum.

Eine erhebliche Anzahl von alteren Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung (gB) zieht aus Wohndiensten der Eingliederungshilfe (EGH) in Pflegeeinrichtungen. Die Studie untersucht unter dem Aspekt der Selbstbestimmung, wie altere Menschen mit gB und ihre Angehorigen an Umzugsentscheidungen beteiligt werden und welche Sachverhalte Umzuge herbeifuhren. In allgemeinen und speziellen Pflegeheimen in Westfalen-Lippe wurden quantitative Befragungen durchgefuhrt. Fallstudien fokussierten daruber hinaus Umzugsentscheidungen in drei verschiedenartigen speziellen Pflegeeinrichtungen aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mithilfe qualitativer Interviews. Umzugsentscheidungen wurden zum einen durch die mangelnde Passung und Anpassung der Unterstutzung an die Bedarfe alterer Bewohner/‑innen in Wohneinrichtungen der EGH, zum anderen durch organisationale Interessen der Pflegeeinrichtungen vorstrukturiert. Bewohner/‑innen und Angehorige wurden unzureichend beraten und an Umzugsentscheidungen beteiligt. Die Selbstbestimmung von alteren Menschen mit gB bei Umzugsentscheidungen ist durch Wahlmoglichkeiten und die Einbeziehung einer unabhangigen Beratung zu starken. Die spezifische Funktion von speziellen Pflegeeinrichtungen fur Menschen mit gB im Alter sollte geklart werden.

Background Relocation from the familiar living environment is a particularly risky transition event for old people with intellectual disability (ID); however, a change of environment has the potential to maintain or improve a person's social participation and self-determination in old age. The research project MUTIG aimed to analyze the frequency and destination of moving home of old persons with ID (≥50 years) in Westphalia for the years 2014 and 2015. Material and methods The investigation was based on a secondary analysis of administrative data of all persons over 50 years who received any kind of social aid for integration from the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe. For each individual the address and support arrangements at the beginning and the end of the years 2014 and 2015 were compared. Results Approximately 5% of older people with ID changed address per year. People who moved to nursing homes had previously primarily lived in larger institutions or larger community-based group homes. The number of older persons with ID moving into or out of supported living arrangements was approximately equal. Conclusion Older persons with ID should also be able to move to smaller supported settings and these settings should provide long-lasting living perspectives (aging in place). The pulling effect that nursing homes exert on residents in residential institutions or larger group homes is critically discussed.

Background The number of aged persons with intellectual disability (ID) in Germany is increasing; however, reliable data on the residential settings in which they live are missing. The aim of this study was to estimate how adults with ID of different age groups are distributed over the various residential settings using the example of Westphalia-Lippe. Material and methods Administrative data on all adults with ID who received aid for social integration were statistically analyzed. Data on persons with ID in long-term nursing homes were collected via telephone interviews and questionnaires. Finally, the results were merged to obtain a comprehensive overview for Westphalia-Lippe. Results In Westphalia-Lippe aged persons with ID (≥65 years) rarely live independently but mostly with family members or in supported living arrangements. They are living in larger community-based homes or in residential institutions more frequently than younger persons with ID and one fifth have been living in nursing homes for a comparatively long period of time. Conclusion Older persons with ID have so far hardly benefited from the increasing residential options for supported living. All forms of services and residential arrangements for persons with ID have to adapt to the changing needs for support in old age. Long-term nursing homes should not mutate into places where people spend the complete phase of old age.

A relevant number of older persons with intellectual disability (ID) moves from residential settings in the disability sector to nursing homes. The study analyzes from the perspective of self-determination, which factors lead to moves to nursing homes and to what extent older persons with ID and their relatives participate in decision-making.Quantitative telephone interviews and surveys were conducted in general and specialized nursing homes in Westphalia-Lippe. In three specialized nursing homes, qualitative interviews focused on relocation decisions from different perspectives.Decisions to move were induced on one hand by the insufficient fit and adaptation of the support to the needs of older residents in settings of the disability sector. On the other hand, organizational interests of the nursing homes influenced the decisions. The counselling of residents and their relatives and the participation in decision making were inadequate.Efforts should be taken to strengthen self-determined relocation decisions of older persons with ID. The specific function of specialized nursing homes for aged persons with ID has to be clarified.

Relocation from the familiar living environment is a particularly risky transition event for old people with intellectual disability (ID); however, a change of environment has the potential to maintain or improve a person's social participation and self-determination in old age. The research project MUTIG aimed to analyze the frequency and destination of moving home of old persons with ID (≥50 years) in Westphalia for the years 2014 and 2015.The investigation was based on a secondary analysis of administrative data of all persons over 50 years who received any kind of social aid for integration from the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe. For each individual the address and support arrangements at the beginning and the end of the years 2014 and 2015 were compared.Approximately 5% of older people with ID changed address per year. People who moved to nursing homes had previously primarily lived in larger institutions or larger community-based group homes. The number of older persons with ID moving into or out of supported living arrangements was approximately equal.Older persons with ID should also be able to move to smaller supported settings and these settings should provide long-lasting living perspectives (aging in place). The pulling effect that nursing homes exert on residents in residential institutions or larger group homes is critically discussed.

The number of aged persons with intellectual disability (ID) in Germany is increasing; however, reliable data on the residential settings in which they live are missing. The aim of this study was to estimate how adults with ID of different age groups are distributed over the various residential settings using the example of Westphalia-Lippe.Administrative data on all adults with ID who received aid for social integration were statistically analyzed. Data on persons with ID in long-term nursing homes were collected via telephone interviews and questionnaires. Finally, the results were merged to obtain a comprehensive overview for Westphalia-Lippe.In Westphalia-Lippe aged persons with ID (≥65 years) rarely live independently but mostly with family members or in supported living arrangements. They are living in larger community-based homes or in residential institutions more frequently than younger persons with ID and one fifth have been living in nursing homes for a comparatively long period of time.Older persons with ID have so far hardly benefited from the increasing residential options for supported living. All forms of services and residential arrangements for persons with ID have to adapt to the changing needs for support in old age. Long-term nursing homes should not mutate into places where people spend the complete phase of old age.

The authors examine how the demographic structure of older adults with intellectual disability in Germany is changing. Using the example of Westphalia-Lippe, a region with 8.3 million inhabitants, an alteration of the age structure is projected through to the year 2030. The projection is based on personal data of current recipients of services for people with disability from the regional funding authority (Landschaftsverband), as well as on educational statistics. Assumptions were drawn from the current utilization of support services. It is projected that the percentage of older adults among the German adult population with intellectual disability will increase from 10% in 2010 to 31% in 2030. In 2030, one of two residents of residential institutions will be 60 years old or older, and one of three adults will be 60 years or older who live in supported living. The authors provide a forecast for the numbers of people who will need any kind of support during the day after retirement or who will be in need of care when they get older. In cooperation with other social sectors (care for the elderly, health service system) and the local authorities, the authors suggest that providers have to adjust their services to these age-related demands.

Grundbruch hieß in der Terminologie der Statiker jener erschütternde Vorgang, der Andreas Schlüter, den Hauptarchitekten des Kurfürsten von Brandenburg und Königs in Preußen, daran hinderte, das Königsschloss der Hohenzollern nach achtjähriger Bautätigkeit zu vollenden: Der Turm, der das weitgediehene Bauwerk krönen sollte, ein vielgliedrig in den Berliner Himmel steigendes Gebilde, das zum Zeichen staatlicher Obergewalt alle Kirchtürme der Stadt überragen sollte, – dieser Turm wurde im Jahre 1706 durch den unergründlichen Berliner Boden unvorhersehbar sabotiert; der Himmelsfinger begann, sich zur Seite zu neigen. Schlüters Gegenmaßnahmen halfen nicht, am Ende musste der Schlossbaudirektor sein Amt abgeben; fortan war er wieder vor allem als Bildhauer für den König tätig.

Vorgestellt wird eine umfassende Studie zur Lebenserwartung und zu Sterbewahrscheinlichkeiten von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung in Deutschland. In den Jahren 2007–2009 betrug die durchschnittliche Lebenserwartung von Mannern in einer Stichprobe aus Westfalen 70,9 Jahre, in der aus Baden-Wurttemberg 65,3. Frauen erreichten 72,8 bzw. 69,9 Jahre. Im Vergleich mit internationalen Studien bestatigt sich der Trend der wachsenden Lebenserwartung von Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung. Sie ist immer noch geringer als in der Allgemeinbevolkerung, was z. T. auf Untergruppen zuruckzufuhren ist. Vorausschatzungen fur Westfalen veranschaulichen, wie sich bis 2030 die Anzahl und Altersstruktur von Erwachsenen mit geistiger Behinderung in unterschiedlichen Wohnformen entwickeln wird.

Background This study presents age group-specific mortality rates and the average life expectancy of people with intellectual disabilities in Germany. Method For two samples from Westphalia-Lippe and Baden-Wuerttemberg, person-related data for the years 2007–2009 were analysed. Age group-specific mortality rates were estimated by exponential regression analyses. Results The average life expectancy of men with intellectual disabilities was 70.9 years in Westphalia-Lippe and 65.3 years in the Baden-Wuerttemberg sample. Women with intellectual disabilities reached a life expectancy of 72.8 years in the Westphalian sample and 69.9 years in Baden-Wuerttemberg. The mortality tables, the crude mortality rates and the standardized mortality rates according to the WHO standard population are reported. Conclusion Comparing the results with other international studies, the trend of increasing life expectancies of people with intellectual disabilities is confirmed. People with intellectual disabilities still have a lower average life expectancy than the general population, partly due to subgroups with low life expectancies.

Throughout his life, Brecht reworked his heroes and anti-heroes as self-portraits. His success lies in the degree to which he makes something objective out of the most subjective sources.

In den anderthalb Jahren des italienischen Aufenthalts hat G. vergleichsweise wenige Gedichte geschrieben. Die literarische Produktion in Italien ist vor allem von dem Bemuhen bestimmt, bisher unvollendete Werke fertigzustellen und fur den Druck in den seit 1787 erscheinenden Schriften, der ersten von G. selbst veranstalteten Sammelausgabe seiner Werke, vorzubereiten. Im Bereich der Lyrik gilt Vergleichbares; G. besorgte die Vorlage fur die Ausgabe seiner Gedichte im achten Band der Schriften, der 1789 erschien. Er enthalt in zwei Sammlungen unter der gemeinsamen Uberschrift Vermischte Gedichte neben bereits zuvor gedruckten Gedichten eine nicht geringe Zahl von Erstveroffentlichungen, von Gedichten etwa aus der Frankfurter Zeit wie Ganymed und An Schwager Kronos oder aus dem ersten Weimarer Jahrzehnt wie An den Mond, Harzreise im Winter und Gesang der Geister uber den Wassern.

Erschienen G. im Ruckblick die »zwanzig Jahre« seit seiner Italienreise (1786–1805) als »Eine Reihe vollig schon/Wie die Zeit der Barmekiden« (FA I, 3.1, S. 11), so gehorten die folgenden anderthalb Jahrzehnte zu den problematischsten seiner Biographie: Politisch waren sie gepragt durch den Zusammenbruch des Heiligen Romischen Reichs deutscher Nation, das Ubergreifen der Napoleonischen Kriege auf G.s unmittelbaren Lebenskreis und schlieslich die Suche nach einer neuen Friedensordnung. Privat durch seinen Eintritt ins siebente Lebensjahrzehnt, dem einerseits der Tod Schillers (1805) und der seiner Mutter (1808), andererseits die Eheschliesung mit seiner langjahrigen Lebensgefahrtin Christiane Vulpius (1806) und eine ganze Reihe von erotischen Eskapaden mit erheblich jungeren Frauen (Silvie von Ziegesar, Amalie von Levetzow, Bettine Brentano, Minna Herzlieb) vorausgingen und das mit dem Tod Christianes (1816) und dem definitiven Verzicht auf ein Wiedersehen mit dem Modell der ‹Suleika› des West-ostlichen Divan, Marianne von Willemer, endete.