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For more than a decade, South Africa has been confronted with two major developments challenging every aspect of its society: the far-reaching political and social transformation processes after the end of apartheid and the rapidly-spreading HIV/AIDS epidemic. Health system transformation towards a more equitable distribution of resources and an improved access to health care became major governmental goals after 1994. However, the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic has left South Africa's public health sector struggling to provide appropriate services. The need to look for alternative strategies returned Community Health Workers (CHWs) onto the national health-policy agenda in late 2003, increasing the need for understanding details of existing programmes and their potential to address the devastating epidemic. KwaZulu-Natal's (KZN) CHW programme has been identified as the most advanced model and became the blueprint for the national rollout. Thus it was timely and useful to contextualise the actual CHW programme structures as they emerge in KZN and to examine their potential in addressing the complex drivers and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. First, on the basis of an intensive literature review and in-depth interviews an agreed model of KZN's CHW governance structure was developed. Second, the research has identified CHW managers' current understandings of the actual and expected roles CHWs can play in communities strongly affected by HIV/AIDS and unveiled their views on key factors facilitating or hindering their success in fulfilling these roles. Results indicate that CHWs offer a valuable addition to the overburdened health sector by extending prevention and care services into marginalised communities. However, successful local implementation strongly depends on the existence of effective management and supervision structures and adequate resources. Here, greater awareness of the complex processes characterising the KZN programme may give the opportunity better to deal with arising management issues and improve CHW effectiveness.

This research originates from a transdisciplinary collaboration between members of Welsh Government (WG) and Coventry University in which the need was identified to investigate collaborative approaches to governing the sustainable management of natural resources (SMNR) in Wales, UK. Despite their widespread take-up, feminist and radical (human) geography scholars have criticised collaborative forms of SMNR governance for their entanglement with neoliberal assumptions, including the commodification of nature and perpetuation of structurally unequal power relations. In this study, care theory is drawn upon as a means of tackling such structural inequalities and enabling a radical paradigm shift towards sustainability. SMNR governance is framed as requiring a deep commitment to caring-with at both an individual and institutional level. Caring-with is understood in this study as involving a fair and democratic definition and allocation of caring responsibilities towards others (human and more-than-human), based on principles of mutual interdependence, solidarity and reciprocity. Specifically, this study investigates the material and political dimensions that affect the capacity (i.e., time, resources, skills, knowledge) to care-with (in this instance, with regards to collaborative forms of SMNR). The research is informed by a qualitative mixed-methods approach, combining transdisciplinary, ethnographic, participatory and experimental methods, adopted over a period of three years (2017-2020) in Wales. Through a prolonged and diversified engagement with actors from public and third sectors, as well as practitioners and community groups, the findings of this research suggest that collaborative practices of SMNR are emergent and relational, embedded within embryonic systems of cultural transformation, at the core of which lie shared and open-ended meaning-making processes. Such processes underpin caring-with approaches: by deeply listening to each other's needs and aspirations, embracing the interdependent nature of our lives on Earth, practitioners, community members, policymakers and professionals (from multiple different sectors) come together into "communities of practice". These act as enabling spaces - 'spaces of possibility' - where collaboration as caring-with is given priority as both iterative process and emergent practice. Ultimately, by creating time and space to nurture and maintain long-term relationships of trust, communities of practice can function as laboratories to envision and collectively realise a "prefigurative politics of caring-with", to foster socially and ecologically just transformations.