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Of the basic tasks that the Soviet school, and every teacher in it, faces at the present time, none is more important-nor, for that matter, more complex-than that of shaping in pupils a positive and stable motivation toward learning activity, a motivation that will stimulate them to persevering and systematic performance in school. It is, after all, obvious that in the absence of such motivation, pupil activity in the teaching and learning process will be ineffectual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work will familiarize the teacher with contemporary Soviet psychology's progress to date in the study and shaping of the motivation to learn. [1] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews current developments in Soviet mathematical psychology and relates them to the very extensive extant literature in the United States. Programmatic articles of this kind are frequent in Soviet journals. They serve the dual purpose of highlighting current areas of concern and pointing to probable future areas of growth. Mathematics in large doses is now a standard part of the Soviet psychologist's education, and can be counted on to be an important feature of future psychological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of the analysis of the results of treatment of 125 patients of the surgical profile, who were at critical state because of acute renal and hepatic failure, the high cost effectiveness of the extracorporeal methods of detoxication is shown.