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The current multiday diagnosis and treatment paradigm for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection results in far fewer patients receiving treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents than those with diagnosed HCV infection. To achieve HCV elimination, a paradigm shift in access to HCV treatment is needed from multiday testing and treatment algorithms to same-day diagnosis and treatment. This shift will require new tools, such as point-of-care (POC) antigen tests or nucleic acid tests for HCV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and nucleic acid tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that do not require venous blood. This shift will also require better use of existing resources, including expanded access to HCV treatment and available POC tests, novel monitoring approaches, and removal of barriers to approval. A same-day diagnosis and treatment paradigm will substantially contribute to HCV elimination by improving HCV treatment rates and expanding access to treatment in settings where patients have brief encounters with healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the case of a 4-year-old female with a primary extradural intramedullary atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) leading to a middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarct and Froin's syndrome. She presented with a 6-pound weight loss over the previous week, as well as a decreased urinary output and an altered mental status. She underwent a brain MRI that revealed a left MCA infarct, mild ventriculomegaly, and bilateral internal carotid artery, M1, and A1 stenosis. An external ventricular drain (EVD) was placed due to increased intracranial pressure. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analyzed via lumbar puncture that revealed extremely elevated protein. However, CSF sampled from the EVD was completely normal, a phenomenon called Froin's syndrome. The following day, she developed a right MCA infarct. Her grim prognosis was discussed with her family and care was eventually withdrawn. The patient underwent an autopsy which confirmed a spinal AT/RT. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of stroke and Froin's syndrome as the initial manifestations of a primary spinal AT/RT with a late onset of spinal cord compression due to tumor obstruction., (© 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.)