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Egirdira, new genus Fig. 1���4 Material examined. FSJF 2337, 25, 23���53 mm SL; FSJF 3638, 36, 25���74 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: spring Karaot at shore of Lake Eğirdir, about 4 km north of Yenice, 38.1349 30.9074.��� FSJF 3097, 2, 56���61 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: ��zdere stream at Eğirler, 8 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.1976 31.1074.��� FSJF 2475, 1, 46 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: lower stream ��ayk��y at Koysaz�� bridge, southeast of Eğirdir, 37.8415 30.8916. Diagnosis. Egirdira is distinguished from all genera of Leuciscidae except Delminichthys and Pelasgus by the male having the pectoral-fin rays 2���3 slightly slanted upward, with a conspicuous downward angle at the distal end of the thickened part (vs. pectoral fin of male not modified, identical in shape to that of the female, often longer in the male). It is distinguished from Pachychilon by lacking a median lobe in the lower lip (vs. present) and having the upper lip not covered by the overhanging rostral cap (vs. covered). Egirdira is distinguished from Tropidophoxinellus by lacking a midventral keel in front of the anus (vs. present), having only 0���4 pored lateral-line scales (vs. lateral line complete), and 6�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 8���11��). Egirdira is distinguished from Delminichthys by having an incomplete lateral line (vs. complete) with the genital papilla of the female not protruding (vs. protruding). Egirdira is superficially similar to Pelasgus and distinguished from all species of this genus by having isolated (or patches of) silvery scales on the flank (vs. all scales equally silvery, brown or yellowish). No other unique character could be found. The following combination of characters allow Egirdira to be distinguished from the various species in Pelasgus: Body considerably compressed (vs. body thick with an ovoid section in all Pelasgus except P. thesproticus), 41���52+2 scales in midlateral row (36���41+ 2 in P. marathonicus, 38���43 + 2���3 in P. thesproticus, 58���73 + 2 in P. prespensis, 53���58 + 2 in P. epiroticus); scales overlapping, not deeply embedded (vs. very small, not overlapping, deeply embedded in skin in P. prespensis), 0���4 pored lateral line scales (vs. 16���23 in P. epiroticus, 7��� 14 P. thesproticus), 6�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 7���7�� in P. minutus, P. marathonicus, P. stymphalicus and P. thesproticus), ��11�� scale rows on caudal peduncle (vs. ��7���8�� in P. marathonicus, ��8���9�� in P. stymphalicus and P. thesproticus), scales pockets not covering parts of exposed scales (vs. covering in P. laconicus), a prominent midlateral stripe (vs. absent or indistinct in P. minutus, P. marathonicus, P. prespensis, P. stymphalicus and P. thesproticus), no isolated or irregularly shaped patches of dark-brown scales along lateral midline (vs. present in P. laconicus). Type species. Pararhodeus niger Kosswig & Geldiay 1952 Included species. Egirdira nigra (Kosswig & Geldiay, 1952) Etymology. The name is derived from Lake Eğirdir (female) Remarks. It was the aim of this study to find a unique morphological character state distinguishing Egirdira from all species of Pelasgus. Over a period of more than 10 years the available material was taken several times from the collection and fishes were examined but no unique character shared by all species of Pelasgus and distinguishing them from Egirdira could be detected. The only exception is the isolated (or patches of) silvery scales on the flank in Egirdira, absent in Pelasgus. The inclusion of Egirdira in Pelasgus is not supported by any of the molecular studies published so far. Perea et al. (2010) and Geiger et al. (2014) presented molecular phylogenetic analyses justifying the generic status of Egirdira, despite the absence of a unique diagnostic morphological character state. Indeed, this is not an uncommon situation in Leuciscidae: genera such as Alburnus, Alburnoides, Acanthobrama, Petroleuciscus, Ladigesocypris, Tropidophoxinellus, and perhaps others lack unique morphological characters, or these might be internal characters not studied so far. Phoxinellus egridiri, a junior synonym of E. nigra. Kosswig & Geldiay (1952: 12) described Pararhodeus niger in a small booklet published in Turkish language about the fishes of Lake Eğirdir. The description is not very informative but Kosswig & Geldiay (1952) provide an identification key (page 14) and show a photograph of the species at the end of the publication, which clearly represents the fish usually identified as P. egridiri. The description (Kosswig & Geldiay 1952: 12) translates as: ���Another small fish species is Pararhodeus niger. The name ��� niger ��� of this fish, which is nearly 8���10 cm and one of the relatives of large cyprinid species, is originated from the colour particularly exhibited by males in breeding season. Out of the breeding season, the dorsum is dark-grey, and flank is dark-silvery to velvet-black, and partly with silvery blotches. Its feeding habits is similar to Yosun Balığı [Anatolichthys], and the diet is mostly composed of small aquatic animals and mosquito larvae. The mouth is suitable for foraging by being located at the tip of the head.��� This information is sufficient for a species description to suit the criteria of availability and there is no doubt, that P. niger is an available species name. Pararhodeus is masculine and the species name ��� niger ��� is an adjective. When associated with Egridira (feminine), it must be declined to nigra. Karaman (1972) was obviously not aware of this publication when he described Phoxinellus egridiri. This is surprising, as Kosswig went in 1955 from Istanbul to Hamburg, where he lived in retirement since 1969. K������k et al. (2009:282) too, were aware that Karaman (1972) had described P. niger again: ���It was first recorded as Pararhodeus niger by Kosswig and Geldiay (1952). Later, Karaman (1972) defined it as a new species in genus Phoxinellus.��� K������k et al. (2009) lists materials of P. niger in the Inland Water Fish Collection of the Fisheries Faculty Museum of the Ege University (ESFM-PISI) in Izmir (ESFM-PISI/1950-007, 1, 49 mm SL; Turkey: Lake Eğirdir. ESFM-PISI/1951- 003, 28, 20- 44 mm SL; Turkey: Lake Eğirdir). These were collected in 1950 and 1951 when Remzi Geldiay worked at ESFM-PISI. It is likely that these specimens are syntypes of P. niger. It is clear from the text (and the context) of Kosswig & Geldiay (1952) that they described the species based on their field collections. As they do not specify the number of syntypes, all specimens collected and ���seen��� by them are syntypes. Kosswig and Geldiay collaborated widely in zoological research after the World War II, including in ichthyology, until Kosswig relocated to Germany and settled in Hamburg in 1955. K������k et al. (2009) list the syntypes under Pseudophoxinus egridiri not mentioning that P. niger must have priority over P. egridiri. Here we treat P. egridiri as a junior synonym of P. niger., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, 2022, Egirdira, a new generic name for Pararhodeus niger Kosswig & Geldiay, 1952 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 586-592 in Zootaxa 5104 (4) on pages 587-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5104.4.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6332245, {"references":["Kosswig, C. & Geldiay, R. (1952) Egirdir Golu Baliklari. Balik ve Balikcilik, Istanbul Universitesi, Fen Fakultesi Hidrobiyoloji Arattirmalari Enstitusu Yayinlari, 3 (1), 3 - 14.","Perea, S., Bohme, M., Zupancic, P., Freyhof, J., Sanda, R., Ozulug, M., Abdoli, A. & Doadrio, I. (2010) Phylogenetic relationships and biogeographical patterns in Circum-Mediterranean subfamily Leuciscinae (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) inferred from both mitochondrial and nuclear data. BMC Evolutionary Biol ogy, 10, 265. https: // doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 10 - 265","Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257","Karaman, M. (1972) Susswasserfische der Turkei. 9 Teil. Revision einiger kleinwuschsiger Cyprinidengattungen Phoxinellus, Leucaspius, Acanthobrama, usw. Aus Sudeuropa, Kleinasien, Vorder-Asien und Nordafrica. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 69, 115 - 155.","Kucuk, F., Sari, H. H., Demir, O. & Gulle, I. (2009) Review of the ichthyofaunal changes in Lake Egirdir between 1915 and 2007. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 33, 277 - 286. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 0811 - 16"]}

Oxynoemacheilus isauricus, new species (Figs. 2���4) Holotype. IUSHM 2021-1425, 63 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��eltek at ��eltek, south of Şarkikaraağa��, 38.0124N 31.3152E. Paratypes. IUSHM 2021-1463, 3, 48���53 mm SL; FSJF 2523, 5, 42���50 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional material. FFR 01534, 9, 46��� 56 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Ak��ay at G��k��eh��y��k, 3 km west of Seydişehir, 37.4396N 31.8000E. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is distinguished from all other species of the O. angorae group by having a very slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 2.2���2.6 times in its length vs. 1.3���1.6 in O. anatolicus and O. theophilii, 1.5���1.8 in O. angorae, 1.5���1.9 in O. atili, 1.2���1.7 in O. eregliensis, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus, 1.4���1.8 in O. cinicus, O. germencicus and O. mesudae, and 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini). The new species is further distinguished by a combination of characters not unique to O. isauricus. It occurs sympatric with O. atili (Fig. 5) in Lake Beyşehir basin. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from this species by having a deeply emarginate caudal fin in which the shortest middle caudal-fin ray is 71���85% of the longest ray of the upper caudalfin lobe (vs. 83���91), a more anterior positioned anal fin (preanal length 68���74% SL vs. 74���77) and a shorter head (head length 21���24% SL vs. 24���26). The new species is distinguished from O. eregliensis from the wider Lake Tuz basin, O. anatolicus from Lake Burdur basin and the Dalaman drainage, O. angorae from the Sakarya and Kızılırmak drainages and Lake Ilgın basin, and O. mediterraneus from the Aksu and K��pr�� drainages by possessing a deeply emarginate caudal fin in which the shortest middle caudal-fin ray is 71���85% of the longest ray of the upper caudal-fin lobe (vs. almost truncate, 88���98 in O. eregliensis; 84���93 in O. anatolicus and 88���92 in O. angorae and forked, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from O. eregliensis and O. anatolicus by having a shorter head (head length 21���24% SL vs. 24���27 in both of the species). It is further differentiated from O. mediterraneus by the strongly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (vs. almost uniform), and the flank blotches being usually disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. usually connected). It is further distinguished from O. angorae by having irregularly shaped and set, vertically elongated blotches on the flank, rarely a mottled or marbled pattern (vs. series of dark-brown midlateral blotches usually fused into a wide, irregular shaped midlateral stripe, rarely a mottled pattern). It is further distinguished from O. anatolicus by the upper part of the cheek with none or few vermiculated dark brown spots (vs. mottled). The new species is further distinguished from O. nasreddini from the Lake Ilg��n, E��irdir, Eber and Akşehir basins, by a more anteriorly positioned pelvic-fin (prepelvic length 48���51% SL vs. 51���55), and a series of midlateral blotches on flank (vs. usually a series of short bars on caudal peduncle). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is further distinguished from O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus from the B��y��k Menderes drainages, by the tip of the anal fin not reaching the ventral adipose crest, if present (vs. usually reaching to or slightly beyond the adipose crest), and a faint inner axial stripe (vs. absent). It is further distinguished from O. theophilii, from the Bakır drainage (Turkey) and Lesbos Island (Greece) by a strongly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (vs. body depth almost uniform), and irregularly shaped and set, usually roundish, rarely vertically elongated, blotches (vs. mottled without blotches). Description. See Figures 2���4 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, slender species. Head short, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.1���1.3 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body depth strongly decreasing between anterior dorsal-fin base, until caudal-fin bases. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 2.2���2.6 times longer than deep. No or only a rudimentary pelvic axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin, fully attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below second or third branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin at in front of vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 60���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin in female and 80���100% in male. Pelvic fin usually reaching to genital papillae, rarely reaching anus; reaching vertical tip of last dorsal-fin ray or slightly anterior to that point. Anus about 60���110% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle behind vertical of posterior anal-fin base in some individuals, shallow or absent in other individuals. Largest known individual 63 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays, outer margin slightly concave. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 8���9 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 6 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, shortest middle caudal-fin ray 73���85% of the longest ray of upper caudal-fin lobe. Caudal fin with 9+8 (9), 9+9 (1) or 8+8 (1), branched rays. Flank and back covered by scales, scales irregularly set on predorsal back, densely set on predorsal flank below lateral line. Chest and belly without scales. Head and flank covered nuptial tubercles in males. Tubercles densely set on head and in suborbital flap (Fig. 6) and pre-dorsal flank and rare on post-dorsal flank above lateral line. Lateral line complete, terminating on hypural complex. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid, flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping posterior nostril when folded backward. One central pore, one lateral pore on each side of supratemporal head canal, two pores in temporal head canal, 9���11 pores in infraorbital canal, 6���8 pores in supraorbital canal, and 8���10 pores in preoperculo-mandibular canal. A suborbital flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than the upper lip. A deep median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and shallow median incision (Fig. 6). Processus dentiformis narrow and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels short; inner rostral barbel usually not reaching base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching to vertical of posterior nare, not reaching to anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to or slightly exceeding pupil, not exceeding through posterior eye-margin. Coloration. Background colour yellow or pale-brown with dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern, cheek without pattern in a few individuals. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank marbled in few individuals, usually with 8���11 roundish or vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped blotches along lateral midline, narrower or as wide as interspaces. Shape of blotches often interrupted along lateral line. Blotches on flank loosely connected by a faint inner axial stripe in preserved individuals. Inner-axial stripe absent in life. Few blotches connected to middorsal saddles, usually disconnected. Midlateral blotches usually dissociated into a fine marbles or mottled pattern on predorsal part of flank, less dissociated on postdorsal part. Back with 2���3 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles usually dissociated into a mottled or vermiculated pattern, 3���5 irregularly set and shaped saddles behind dorsal-fin base. Several spots, vermiculation or a mottled pattern between blotches on back and flank above lateral midline. An irregularly shaped dark-brown bar or two dark-brown blotches, often connected to each other at caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with many, small brown blotches on rays, forming 2���3 indistinct bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, usually forming 2���3 distinct narrow bands. All fins yellowish to pale grey. Anal and pelvic fins hyaline in life, yellowish in preserved individuals, without blotches on rays in most individuals. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus isauricus was found in tributaries of Lakes Beyşehir and Suğla in Central Anatolia. Etymology. The species is named after the ancient name for Isauria, a region in Central Anatolia. An adjective. Remarks. The species of the O. angorae group are the only Oxynoemacheilus found in the Turkish Aegean basin, the tributaries of the Bay of Antalya and in Central Anatolian endorheic basins. Only O. ciceki from the Sultan marshes in the eastern part of Central Anatolia belongs to the O. hamwii group (see Geiger et al. 2014). Oxynoemacheilus isauricus is distinguished from O. ciceki by having 8���11 roundish or vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped midlateral blotches along the flank (vs. flank with many small rounded spots or mottled), the back with 2���3 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, dissociated in some individuals into a mottled or vermiculated pattern (vs. back with 3���6 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles dissociated into 3���4 paired and rounded blotches in some individuals). Oxynoemacheilus atili is very widespread in the Lake Beyşehir and Suğla basins and is known also from the Manavgat River, which drains water from Suğla Lake to the Mediterranean. We found O. isauricus and O. atili syntopic in the stream ��eltek but would expect that both species usually occur together. Further field-based research is needed to gain a better understanding of the distribution ranges of O. isauricus, which was only found at two quite distant places., Published as part of Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran, Kaya, C��neyt, ��zulu��, M��fit & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus isauricus, a new nemacheilid loach from Central Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 369-378 in Zootaxa 4975 (2) on pages 372-376, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4975.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4925357, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257"]}

Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini, new species (Figs. 2���5) Holotype. FFR 15588, 54 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream Aksu at Ayvalı, 6 km north of Sincanlı, 38.8101 30.2560. Paratypes. FFR 15589, 8, 42���57 mm SL; FSJF 3205, 5, 57���73 mm SL, same data as holotype. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF-DNA 1518 Turkey: Afyon prov.: Aksu stream at Ayvalı village, 6 km north of Sincanlı, 38.81012N 30.25601E (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 554031, KJ553853, MW 916396, MW 916397, MW 916398).��� FSJF-DNA 1658; Turkey: Isparta prov: stream ��zdere at Eğirler, 38.1976N 31.1074E (GenBank accession numbers: MW 916392, MW 916393, MW 916394, MW 916395). Additonal material. FFR 15607, 2, 52���53 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: stream flowing into Seyitler reservoir at İscehisar, 38.8160N 30.7870E.��� FFR 1537, 35, 30���66 mm SL; Turkey: Afyonkarahisar prov.: stream Kali at İnli, 1 km south to Maltepe, 38.6004N 30.8934E.��� FFR 1565, 7, 54���76 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Delik��yboğazı 1 km south to Ilgın 38.2370N 31.8834E.��� FSJF 3209, 8, 58���78 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Ali (Karacaağa��) at Doğanhisar, 38.1356N 31.6674E.��� IUSHM 2021-1429, 2, 63���67 mm SL; FSJF 3096, 3, 66���71 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: ��zdere stream at Eğirler village 8 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.1976N 31.1074E.��� FFR 15523, 10, 42���68 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: ��zdere stream at Madenli village 6 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.1813N 31.1008E.��� FSJF 2471, 2, 60���67 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: lower stream ��ayk��y at Koysazı bridge, 37.8415N 30.8916E.��� FSJF 2516, 1, 61 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: middle stream ��ayk��y above Kemerk��pr�� water regulator, 37.8376N 30.9008E. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. mediterraneus by having an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 76���91% of length of longest upper caudal-fin ray vs. forked, 65���76), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in length vs. 1.2���1.5), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases, at least until the adipose crests if present (vs. almost uniform), and the flank blotches being usually disconnected from the saddles on the back, rarely 1���2 flank blotches connected (vs. usually all connected). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini occurs together with O. angorae in the Lake Ilgın basin. It is distinguished from this species by having irregularly shaped and set, vertically elongated blotches on the flank, rarely a mottled or marbled pattern (vs. a series of dark-brown midlateral blotches usually fused into a wide, irregular shaped midlateral stripe, rarely a mottled pattern), the tip of the pectoral fin usually reaching to or slightly beyond the pelvic-fin origin in the male (vs. not reaching), a longer pre-pelvic length (51���55% SL vs. 48���51), a smaller distance between the pelvic- and anal-fin origins (20���23% SL vs. 23���28), and 8���10 pores in the preoperculo-mandibular canal (vs. 10���13). The new species is distinguished from O. eregliensis from the wider Lake Tuz basin by possession of a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in its length vs. 1.2���1.5), and an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 76���91% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. almost truncate, 88���98). It is distinguished from O. atili from Lake Beyşehir basin by having a series of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral midline or slightly below, rarely a mottled pattern (vs. irregularly set and shaped, often round blotches, usually forming a marbled pattern), anal and pelvic fins without brown blotches (vs. present in individuals larger than 50 mm SL), anal-fin origin and anal-fin base without pigmentation (vs. usually with a brown blotch at anal-fin origin, often with brown anal-fin base), a smaller distance between the pelvic- and anal-fin origins (20���23% SL vs. 23���26), and a longer anal fin (anal fin length 16���19% SL vs. 14���16). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. anatolicus from Lake Burdur basin and the Dalaman drainage by having a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in its length vs. 1.3���1.6), the tip of the pectoral fin usually reaching to or slightly beyond the pelvic-fin origin in the male (vs. not reaching), and the dorsal part of the head and the upper part of the cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern (vs. mottled). It is distinguished from O. theophilii, from the Bakır��ay drainage (Turkey) and Lesbos Island (Greece) by having a more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle depth 1.5���2.1 times in length vs. 1.3���1.6), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases, at least until the adipose crests, if present (vs. body depth almost uniform), and a marbled, rarely mottled flank pattern (vs. mottled). Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is distinguished from O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus from the B��y��k Menderes drainage by having the tip of the pelvic fin usually not reaching to the anus (vs. reaching), and a prominent inner axial stripe (vs. absent). Oxynoemacheilus germencicus is very widespread in the B��y��k Menderes drainage and it is very variable in its colour pattern, which reach from a marbled pattern with large roundish blotches, to a fine mottled pattern (vs. usually a series of vertically elongated blotches along the lateral midline or slightly below in O. nasreddini). But in both species, mottled individuals occur. Some O. germencicus also have short bars on the flank, which are set along the lateral midline (vs. usually below in O. nasreddini) but some O. germencicus have the bars largely below the lateral midline and some O. nasreddini have the bars along the lateral midline. There need to be more research on how to distinguish O. germencicus, O. mesudae and O. cinicus, which form one closely related group in the molecular analysis (Fig. 1). Description. See Figures 2���5 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, slender species. Head long, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base. Body depth slowly decreasing between posterior dorsal-fin base, until vertical of anal-fin base. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep. No, or a very rudimentary pelvic axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin, fully attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below first or second branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin at in front of vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 65���85% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin in female, reaching to, or slightly beyond pelvic-fin origin in male. Pelvic fin usually not reaching anus, reaching to genital papillae; reaching vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray or slightly anterior to that point. Anus about 60���90% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle behind vertical of posterior anal-fin base in some individuals, shallow or absent in other individuals. Largest known individual 78 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays, outer margin slightly concave. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 8���10 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 5���6 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin emarginate, shortest middle caudal-fin ray 76��� 91% of longest ray of upper caudal-fin lobe. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Flank and back covered by scales, scales irregularly set on predorsal back, densely set on predorsal flank below lateral line. Chest and belly without scales. Lateral line usually complete, terminating on hypural complex, sometimes interrupted between anal fin base and hypural complex. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid, flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping posterior nostril when folded backwards. One central pore and one or two lateral pore on each side of supratemporal head canal, 10���12 pores in infraorbital canal, 7���10 pores in supraorbital canal, and 8���11 pores in mandibular canal. A suborbital flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and shallow median incision. Processus dentiformis narrow and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels moderately long; inner rostral barbel reaching or not reaching base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching to vertical of posterior nare or anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to, or rarely slightly exceeding vertical through posterior eye-margin. Coloration. Body with yellowish or pale-brown background and dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek with a vermiculate or marbled pattern, cheek without pattern in a few individuals. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank mottled in few individuals, usually with a marbled pattern of many vertically elongate, irregularly set and shaped blotches, usually much narrower than interspaces. Blotches above lateral midline much larger than below, shape of blotches often interrupted along lateral line, irregularly set bars on caudal peduncle in some individuals. Blotches on flank loosely connected by an inner axial stripe in preserved individuals. Inner-axial stripe prominent on flank behind dorsal-fin base, absent in life. Blotches not extending to middorsal saddles in most individuals, individual blotches extending to saddles in few individuals. Midlateral blotches usually fine and dissociated into a fine marbles or mottled pattern on predorsal part of flank, less dissociated on postdorsal part. Back with 2���4 irregularly set and shaped predorsal saddles, saddles dissociated into a mottled or vermiculated pattern in few individuals, 3���6 irregularly set and shaped saddles behind dorsal-fin base. Several spots, vermiculations or a mottled pattern between blotches on back and flank above lateral midline. Some individuals with faint, narrow, brown slashes between myomeres on flank above lateral midline. An irregularly shaped dark-brown bar or two dark-brown blotches, often connected to each other at caudal-fin base, indistinct in some preserved individuals. Dorsal fins with many, small brown blotches on rays, forming 2���3 narrow bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, usually forming 2���4 distinct bands. All fins yellowish to pale grey. Anal and pelvic fins hyaline in life, yellowish in preserved individuals, without blotches on rays. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is found in tributaries of the endorheic Lakes Akşehir, Eber, Eğirdir and Ilgın in Central Anatolia. Etymology. The species is named after Nasreddin Hodja, an iconic character and wise man who is famous for his funny anecdotes and take-home messages. Nasreddin Hodja is believed to lived and died in 13 th century in Akşehir (Konya). A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini is closely related to O. mediterraneus and both species are distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 1.2% in their mitochondrial COI sequence. Geiger et al. (2014) make clear, that there is a wide range of species recognised by morphological characters with very different and often very low K2P distance in their mitochondrial COI sequence. As there are no agreed universal thresholds for species demarcation in the COI sequence distance (Geiger et al. 2014; Kunz 2012), we adopt an iterative taxonomic approach (Yeates et al. 2011) that asks for the formulation of a species hypothesis and its testing by independent methods. Following this approach, populations without clear morphological differences are treated as conspecific if they have K2P distances smaller than 2%. But, in similar way, if there are clear diagnostic morphological characters, then the molecular distance below an a priori defined threshold is ruled out and the entities are treated as separate species (see also the most recent and relevant studies that applied similar approach: Freyhof et al. 2018a, 2018b; Yoğurt��uoğlu & Freyhof 2018; Fagundes et al. 2020; Malabarba et al. 2021). Naturally, we are aware that ���clear diagnostic morphological characters��� is not well defined and needs experience in the particular species group. However, it is beyond the scope of this study to discuss this issue in detail. As O. mediterraneus and O. nasreddini can be well distinguished by the characters given above, both are recognised as separate species. On one hand, the superiority of this approach over the traditional single-character approach (here, solely COI distance) comes from adopting the concept of species as evolving, natural and diagnosable units. On the other hand, mere use of barcoding methods has always the potential to ignore phylogenetically young species that originated a relatively a short time ago (Ferguson 2002, Kunz 2007, Yoğurt��uoğlu & Freyhof 2018). This might be the case for O. nasreddini which could have recently separated from O. mediterraneus by the combination of complex geological events including the rising of the Sultan Mountains between Akar��ay and the Lake District (including Eğirdir and Beyşehir), and the relationships between Lake Eğirdir and the two Mediterranean rivers (Aksu and K��pr����ay), which are difficult to reconstruct without data on the timeline of geological events. We examined Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir basin and could sequence three individuals from the stream ��zdere (FSJF 3096, IUSHM 2021-1429). The stream ��zdere is flowing from the south slopes of Sultan Mountains into Lake Eğirdir. These three individuals show a minimum K2P distance of 0.2% to O. mediterraneus. These five individuals as well as 10 individuals from the same locality (FFR 15523) have an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 80���90% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. 76���91 in O. nasreddini, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.4���1.9 times in length vs. 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (decreasing in O. nasreddini, not decreasing in O. mediterraneus i.e. the ratio of body depth at posterior of dorsal fin base to the body depth at caudal fin base is equal or almost equal to 1), and the flank blotches disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. disconnected in O. nasreddini, usually all connected in O. mediterraneus). We could further examine three individuals from the stream ��ayk��y (FSJF 2471, FSJF 2516), flowing from the south to Lake Eğirdir. These fish also have an emarginate caudal fin (middle caudal-fin ray 75���83% of length of longest ray in upper caudal-fin lobe vs. 76���91 in O. nasreddini, 65���76 in O. mediterraneus), a slender caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 1.8���2.0 times in length vs. 1.5���2.1 in O. nasreddini, 1.2���1.5 in O. mediterraneus), a slowly decreasing body depth between the dorsal- and caudal-fin bases (decreasing in O. nasreddini, not decreasing in O. mediterraneus), and the flank blotches disconnected from the saddles on the back (vs. disconnected in O. nasreddini, usually all connected in O. mediterraneus). See also Fig. 6 for general appearance of Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir and Fig. 7 for O. mediterraneus as well as Table 3 for morphometric data of O. mediterraneus. All Oxynoemacheilus from Lake Eğirdir basin examined are identified as O. nasreddini as they are differentiated from O. mediterraneus by the same set of morphological characters that distinguish O. nasreddini from O. mediterraneus (see above). The discordance between the morphological and molecular characters might be the result of introgressive hybridization between O. mediterraneus and O. nasreddini. This is likely to have happened through a connection of the Aksu with Lake Eğirdir basin. Similar possible mitochondrial introgression has been posited between Seminemacheilus ispartensis from Lakes Eğirdir basin and S. lendlii from Lake Akşehir, Eber, and Ilgın basins (Yoğurt��uoğlu et al. 2020). Also, genetic introgression was demonstrated in the frog Pelophelax caralitana from the same region occurring in all peripheral basins, including Akşehir, Eber, Eğirdir and Beyşehir (Akın et al. 2010). Lake Eğirdir is connected today to the Aksu through a canal connecting it with Lake Kovada which drains then to the Aksu. The Kovada canal connecting both lakes was dug along a natural streambed transporting excess water from Eğirdir to the Aksu. Loaches from the Aksu drainage might have invaded the lake following this stream and hybridized with O. nasreddini in Lake Eğirdir leading to the potential introgression of mtDNA postulated here. In Oxynoemacheilus, such an invasion of a mitochondrial haplotype was recently suggested between O. elsae and O. brandtii in the Aras River in the Caspian Sea basin (Freyhof et al. 2021a). The western Taurids, including Lake Eğirdir, Beyşehir, Suğla as well as Aksu, K��pr����ay and Manavgat Rivers constitute a highly complex karst region. Several studies have suggested that these three river drainages receive a significant amount of water from huge karst springs fed mainly through the sinkholes at the periphery and bottom of Lake Eğirdir and Beyşehir (Ekmek��i, 1993; Değirmenci & G��nay, 1992). It is postulated that Eğirdir Lake is hydrologically connected by a subsurface conduit flow to K��pr����ay River (Ekmek��i, 1987; UNDP, 1983). The size of the karst conduits may be large enough to form underground rivers by which some organisms including fish might be able to move by means of their drifted eggs/larvae (Mehmet Ekmek��i, pers. comm., 2021). Evidences from fish fauna support these hypotheses as Pseudophoxinus fahrettini from the upper K��pr����ay is, Published as part of Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran, Kaya, C��neyt & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus nasreddini, a new nemacheilid loach from Central Anatolia (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 135-150 in Zootaxa 4974 (1) on pages 138-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4772253, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257","Yeates, D. K., Seago, A., Nelson, L., Cameron, S. L., Joseph, L. & Trueman, J. W. H. (2011) Integrative taxonomy, or iterative taxonomy? Systematic Entomology, 36, 209 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2010.00558. x","Freyhof, J., Baycelebi, E. & Geiger, M. (2018 a) Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 4535, (1), 1 - 75. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4535.1.1","Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Baycelebi, E., Geiger, M. & Turan, D. (2018 b) Generic assignment of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya from the upper Tigris drainage, and a replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa, 4410 (1), 113 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.1.6","Yogurtcuoglu, B. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Aphanius irregularis, a new killifish from south-western Anatolia (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae) Zootaxa, 4410 (2), 319 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.2.4","Fagundes, P. C., Pereira, E. H. L. & Reis, R. E. (2020) Iterative taxonomic study of Pareiorhaphis hystrix (Siluriformes, Loricari- idae) suggests a single, yet phenotypically variable, species in south Brazil. PLoS One, 15, e 0237160 https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0237160","Malabarba, L. R., Chuctaya, J., Hirschmann, A., Oliveira, E. B. & Thomaz, A. T. (2021) Hidden or unnoticed? Multiple lines of evidence support the recognition of a new species of Pseudocorynopoma (Characidae: Corynopomini). Journal of Fish Biology, 98, 219 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 14572","Ferguson, J. W. H. (2002) On the use of genetic divergence for identifying species. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 75, 509 - 516. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1095 - 8312.2002.00042. x","Kunz, W. (2007) Do species exist? Principles of taxonomic classification. Wiley-Blackwell, Weinheim, xxxiii + 245 pp.","Yogurtcuoglu, B., Kaya, C., Geiger, M. F. & Freyhof, J. (2020) Revision of the genus Seminemacheilus, with the description of three new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4802 (3), 477 - 501. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4802.3.5","Akin, C., Bilgin, C. C. & Bilgin, M. (2010) Discordance between ventral colour and mtDNA haplotype in the water frog Rana (ridibunda) caralitana, 1988 Arikan. Amphibia-Reptilia, 31, 9 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853810790457867","Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Epitashvili, G. & Geiger, M. F. (2021 a) Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the eastern Black Sea basin with some remarks on other Caucasian Oxynoemacheilus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4952 (1), 135 - 151. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4952.1.8","Ekmekci, M. (1993) A conceptual model for the Beysehir Lake karst system. IAHS Publication, 207, 245 - 252.","Degirmenci, M. & Gunay, G. (1992) Analysis of hydrologic relations between Egirdir-Beysehir-Sugla lakes system and adjacent basins by means of remote sensing techniques (southern Turkey). Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 19, 41 - 45. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01740576","Ekmekci, M. (1987) Beysehir Golu'nun komsu havza akimlarina olan etkilerinin arastirilmasi. Master Thesis, Hacettepe Uni- versitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitusu, Ankara, 143 pp. [in Turkish]","UNDP (1983) Technical Report: Karst waters of southern Turkey. United Nations Development Programme, New York, 97 pp."]}

Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, new species (Figs 2���5) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-124180, 74 mm SL; Georgia: Dzirula River at road from Tbilisi to Kutaisi 1 km upstream from Khunevi, 42.0975 43.3900. Paratypes. FSJF 3592, 1, 77 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 3576, 3, 50���59 mm SL; Georgia: Enguri River at Lia, 42.6617 41.9911.��� FSJF 3615, 2, 44���54 mm SL; Georgia: Tskhenitskali River upstream of Samtredia, 42.1694 42.4314.��� FSJF 4061, 2, 32���39 mm SL; Georgia: Gubistskali River east of Samtredia, upriver of confluence with Rioni and Rioni channel, 42.16251 42.41069. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. ZFMK ICH-NB184; same data as holotype (GenBank accession number: MW 564259, holotype or paratype, association unclear).��� ZFMK ICH-106137-106138; Georgia: Swlana stream west of Jurukveti, 42.07829 41.91643 (GenBank accession numbers: MW564307, MW564435).��� ZFMK ICH-106139-106140; Georgia: Gubistskali River east of Samtredia, upriver of confluence with Rioni and Rioni channel, 42.16251 42.41069. (GenBank accession numbers: MW564371, MW564381).��� ZFMK ICH-NB190 - NB191; Georgia: Tskhenitskali River upstream of Samtredia, 42.1694 42.4314 (GenBank accession numbers: MW564373, MW564302, MW564481).��� ZFMK ICH-NB195; Georgia: Enguri River at Lia, 42.6617 41.9911 (GenBank accession number: MW 564442). Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus phasicus is distinguished from O. cemali, the only other species of Oxynoemacheilus known from the eastern Black Sea basin, by a slightly emarginate caudal fin (vs. deeply emarginate), pelvic fin not reaching to origin of genital papillae (vs. reaching to or beyond posterior tip of genital papillae), pelvic-fin origin below first branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. below second or third ray), a wide band in posterior half of caudal fin (vs. absent), and a mottled or marbled flank pattern (juveniles with bars on flank behind dorsal-fin base) (vs. usually with 9���15 narrow, irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-grey bars or vertically elongate blotches on flank posterior to dorsal-fin origin). Oxynoemacheilus phasicus is distinguished from the other members of the O. brandtii species group (O. brandtii, O. elsae, and O. merga) by having a slightly emarginate caudal fin (vs. forked in O. brandtii, deeply emarginate in O. elsae and O. merga), pelvic fin not reaching to origin of genital papillae (vs. reaching to or beyond anus in O. brandtii and many O. elsae and O. merga), caudal peduncle 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep (vs. 2.5���3.2 in O. brandtii, 2.3���2.9 in O. elsae, 2.0��� 2.5 in O. merga), and a mottled or marbled flank pattern (vs. usually with irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars or vertically elongate blotches on flank posterior to dorsal-fin origin, much wider than interspaces, often fused into a plain brown pattern on flank in front of dorsal-fin base in O. brandtii; usually with irregularly shaped and spaced, rarely regularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars, often split in middle, or flank almost plain brown in O. elsae; with many, narrow, pale-brown bars, usually much more narrow than interspaces, often dissociated in vertically elongate blotches on flank and dorsal saddles, rarely mottled in O. merga). Description. See Figures 2���5 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Medium-sized and moderately slender species. Body deepest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base, at cheek in largest individual. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout blunt. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.5���2.1 times longer than deep. Pelvic axillary lobe present, its tip attached to flank. Pelvic-fin origin below first branched dorsalfin ray. Anal-fin origin at about vertical of midline between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 50���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus; reaching slightly anterior to vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray; almost reaching anus in juveniles smaller than 40 mm SL. Anus about 30���70% of an eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. No dorsal or ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle. Largest known individual 77 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 8�����9�� branched rays, outer margin straight or convex. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly concave. Pectoral fin with 9���11 branched rays, outer margin straight. Pelvic fin with 7 branched rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin slightly emarginate with 8+8 branched rays, moderately emarginate in juveniles smaller than 40 mm SL. Flank, back and abdomen densely covered by scales. Lateral line complete, terminating at caudal-fin base. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, ovoid and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril overlapping in small individuals, not overlapping posterior nostril when folded backwards in large individuals. One central pore, two in one individual, and one lateral pore on each side of supra- temporal head canal, 8���10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3���4 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 6���9 pores in supraorbital canal and 5���7 pores in mandibular canal. A short suborbital groove in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small and short median incision in some individuals, absent in others. Processus dentiformis narrow, very small and rounded. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Barbels long; inner rostral barbel reaching to or beyond base of maxillary barbel, outer reaching beyond anterior margin of eye, to middle of eye in some individuals. Maxillary barbel reaching beyond vertical through middle of eye or to or beyond posterior margin of eye. Barbels very short in largest individuals. Coloration. Body with yellowish or pale brown background and dark- or pale-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Preserved individuals with a wide inner-axial stripe, absent in life. Dorsal head and upper part of cheek brown, with a vermiculate pattern. Ventral surface of head yellowish without pattern. Flank densely mottled, without bars or blotches, marbled or with bars on flank behind dorsal-fin origin in individuals smaller than 50 mm SL, almost plain brown in some individuals. Flank pigmentation reaching down to horizontal of pectoral-fin base or to belly in some individuals. Back mottled, marbled or with 3���4 squarish or triangular predorsal blotches, confluent with flank pattern, one saddle at dorsal-fin origin, one or none in middle of dorsal-fin base and one at end of dorsal- fin base, and 3���6 saddles behind dorsal-fin base, all saddles wider than interspaces. A narrow, black bar at caudal-fin base. Posteriormost upper and lowermost caudal peduncle with a pale yellowish, unpigmented blotch. Dorsal and pectoral fins with small brown blotches on rays, forming 1���3 bands. Caudal fin with many small brown blotches on rays, forming 1���3 wide and bold bands, often band at second half of caudal fin very wide or caudal-fin rays almost completely brown. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins with dark-brown blotches on rays; hyaline or with few blotches in individuals smaller than 60 mm SL. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus phasicus was collected from the Enguri and Rioni River drainages in Georgia. It has not been found in the Chorokhi / ��oruh River in Georgia or Turkey or in small rivers in-between despite intensive field work in that area. Etymology. The species name is derived from Phasis, the Greek name of the Rioni. An adjective. Remarks. Nemacheilus bergi was named by Gratzianov (1907) based on a description by Berg (1899) of two individuals (61 mm, 35 mm) from the Akstapha [Agstafa] River, a right tributary of the Kura in Azerbaijan. Berg (1899:73) wrote in his chapter on Nemacheilus sp.: ���Die Schwanzflosse ist im Verh��ltnis zu N. Brandt schwach ausgeschnitten (bei dem Exemplar von 61 mm. L��nge ist der mittelste Strahl der Schwanzflosse 8 mm. Und die seitlichen 11 mm lang).��� [The caudal fin is slightly emarginate in comparison with N. brandtii (in the specimen of 61 mm the length of the central caudal-fin ray is 8 mm and of the lateral ones 11 mm)]. Also, Berg (1899:72���73) mentions that the pelvic fin reaches the anus, there is a bold bar at the caudal-fin base, a wide band in the middle of the caudal fin and incomplete bars on the flank. This species is further treated as a synonym of O. angorae by Berg (1949), who distinguished O. angorae from O. bergianus by the caudal peduncle being less than two times longer than deep in O. angorae vs. more in O. bergianus. ��i��ek et al. (2018) treat N. bergi as a valid species in Oxynoemacheilus without giving further details. Soheil Eagderi (Tehran) sent JF a picture (Fig. 7) of one individual they identified as O. bergi collected in the Kura, very close to the inflow of the Agstafa. Measured from the picture, this individual has the caudal-peduncle depth two times in the caudal-peduncle length, the caudal fin is emarginate and the middle caudal-fin ray is 75% of the length of the longest principal ray in the lower caudal-fin lobe (72% in the description of Berg 1899, but unclear which lobe was measured). These two character states as well as its colour pattern distinguish this species clearly from O. brandtii (caudal peduncle 2.5���3.2 times longer than deep, caudal fin forked). Indeed the fish on Fig. 7 agree with the characters given for N. bergi by Berg (1899) and we support the view of ��i��ek et al. (2018) treating O. bergi as a valid species. Oxynoemacheilus bergi is clearly distinguished from O. phasicus by possessing a deeply emarginate caudal fin (vs. slightly emarginate in O. phasicus), and the pelvic fin reaching the anus (vs. not reaching). Potentially O. bergi is conspecific with O. bergianus, described from the Sefid River in Iran and known to occur in the adjacent Aras, a major tributary of the Kura. Future research should clarify if O. bergi is different from O. bergianus. If both are conspecific, O. bergianus would become a junior synonym of O. bergi. We also follow ��i��ek et al. (2018) in treating N. angorae alasanicus as a synonym of O. bergi and N. brandtii gibbusnazus as a synonym of O. brandtii. ��i��ek et al. (2018) did not examine any materials of N. a. alasanicus or N. b. gibbusnazus, both described by Elanidze (1983) from the upper Alazani in the Georgian Kura drainage. G. Epitashvili and L. Mumladze (Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia) visited the upper Alazani though yet only O. brandtii was collected. ��i��ek et al. (2018) give no arguments for their conclusion and did not analyse the description of both species. However, we also have no arguments to reject the hypothesis of ��i��ek et al. (2018), as the descriptions are not very conclusive, without figures and we also did not examine enough materials by our own. Only four loaches from the type locality of both species were available for this study and these are identified as O. brandtii. It is likely that Elanidze (1983) had identified his materials by the key provided by Berg (1949) and correctly identified one species as O. brandtii and the second species, which has a deeper caudal peduncle and an emarginate (vs. furcate) fin, was identified as O. angorae. He then described new subspecies for both species, and thus N. angorae alasanicus might be identified as O. bergi. Eagderi et al. (2018) distinguish O. elsae (Fig. 9) from O. brandtii (Fig. 8) based on 10, non-overlapping morphometric characters (dorsal-fin base length, anal-fin base length, anal-fin depth, pelvic-fin length, caudal-fin length, caudal-peduncle width, snout length, eye diameter, interorbital distance, maxillary barbel length). They compared 20 O. elsae with five O. brandtii from the Kura drainage. We examined 20 individuals from each species and found all the 10 morphometric characters overlapping. In seven out of 10 characters no significant difference from equality of their mean values were detected. Only the means of the pelvic-fin length, length of the lower caudal-fin lobe, and the eye diameter were significantly different (Fig. 10). Also these morphometric characters largely overlap: pelvic-fin length 14���20, mean 18% SL in O. brandtii (vs. 14���17, mean 16 in O. elsae), length of lower caudal-fin lobe 20���27, mean 24% SL (vs. 19���23, mean 21), and the eye diameter 13���21, mean 17% HL (vs. 17���24, mean 20). The overlap in the pelvic-fin length is due to two individuals only and from 49 O. brandtii all except two individuals, have a pelvic-fin length 17���20 % SL, one has 14% SL and one has 15% SL. This character allows to distinguish O. brandtii from O. elsae if a larger number of individuals is available, while the other characters can just support their diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus elsae is well distinguished from O. brandtii by the shape of the caudal fin, which is emarginate in O. elsae (vs. forked in O. brandtii) and by details in colour pattern. Oxynoemacheilus elsae usually possess a flank pattern of irregularly shaped and spaced, dark-brown bars, often split in middle, more narrow than interspaces, or flank almost plain brown (vs. flank with brown bars or vertically elongate blotches, much wider than interspaces, usually regularly set) and the caudal fin possess many small brown blotches on rays arranged in 3���6, narrow, pale-brown band (vs. caudal fin with 1���3, wide and very bold bands). However, the flank pattern is variable in both species and occasionally almost plain brown individuals or individuals with many, very narrow bars occur. Oxynoemacheilus elsae is separated from O. brandtii by a minimum K2P distance of 1.5% (Aras) and 4.9% (Kura) in the mtDNA COI barcode region (Fig. 1). Oxynoemacheilus from the Aras River (Fig. 11), a major tributary to the Kura, cluster as sister to O. elsae in our molecular analysis based on all three approaches (ML, NJ, MP). In all morphological characters distinguishing O. elsae from O. brandtii, the population from the Aras agrees with O. brandtii and not with O. elsae (Fig. 9) including the characteristic colour pattern of O. brandtii. These fish are significantly different from O. elsae in the pelvic-fin length mentioned above, but not different from O. brandtii in any of these or other characters examined. The obvious mismatch between morphological and molecular characters, which suggests that the fish from the Aras should be identified as O. elsae cannot be resolved here. It could be speculated that past river-captures might have resulted in an invasion of a mitochondrial haplotype of O. elsae from Urmia into the adjacent Aras. While they hybridised with native O. brandtii, their mitochondria might have performed better and gave the carriers an evolutionary benefit which spread in the Aras. If so, what cannot be excluded, we would find O. brandtii with mtDNA of O. elsae. The small molecular distance between O. elsae and O. brandtii from the Aras in their mtDNA indicates the time passed since the connection of the Aras with the Urmia basin. Further nuclear molecular research is needed in the future aiming to clarify the case. We suggest to identify the fish from the Aras as O. brandtii due to its morphological similarity to this species., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Epitashvili, Giorgi & Geiger, Matthias F., 2021, Oxynoemacheilus phasicus, a new nemacheilid loach from the eastern Black Sea basin with some remarks on other Caucasian Oxynoemacheilus (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 135-151 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on pages 139-146, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4671916, {"references":["Gratzianov, V. I. (1907) Opyt' obzora ryby Rossiskoi Imperii v' sistematicheskom' i geograficescom' otnoshenii. Vol. 4. Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii, 1907, i - xxx + 1 - 567.","Berg, L. S. (1899) Beitrage zur Ichthyofauna des Kaukasus. Mitteilungen des Kaukasischen Museums [Bulletin du Musee du Caucase; Izvestija Kavkazskogo Muzeja], 1 (3), 1 - 80. [in Russian and German].","Berg, L. S. (1949) The freshwater fishes of the USSR and adjacent countries. Part 3. 4 th Edition. Akademia Nauk USSR, Moscow & Leningrad, pp. 927 - 1382. [in Russian]","Cicek, E., Eagderi, S. & Sungur, S. (2018) Oxynoemacheilus veyseli, a new nemacheilid species from the upper Aras River drainage of Turkey (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Iranian Journal of Ichthyology, 5 (3), 232 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.22034 / iji. v 5 i 3.302","Elanidze, R. F. (1983) Ikhtiofauna rek i ozer Gruzii. Akademiya Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR, Institut Zoologii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, Georgia, 319 pp. [in Russian]","Eagderi, S., Jalili, P. & Cicek, E. (2018) Oxynoemacheilus elsae, a new species from the Urmia Lake basin of Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). FishTaxa, 3 (2), 453 - 459."]}

Garra orontesi, new species (Figs 1���5) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 336D8DAD-9366-4937-B7CB-E5CF3DC2F61A Holotype. FFR 4034, 111 mm SL; Turkey, Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8520N 36.6861E. Paratypes. FFR 4010, 46, 47���115 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FFR 1262, 12, 47���117 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Afrin at Reyhanlı, 36.29604N 36.5552E. ��� FFR 1265, 14, 85���107 mm SL; Turkey, Antakya prov.: a tributary of Orontes River at Samandağ, 36.1003N 36.0103E. ��� FFR 1301, 6, 78���97 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream S��ğ��tl�� at Kırıkhan 36.4655N 36.3780E. ��� FFR 1317, 9, 67���86 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream B��y��kkara at Samandağ, 36.1367N 36.0409E. ��� FFR 4007, 48, 32���100 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Serinyol at Samandağ, 36.3655N 36.2138E. ��� FFR 4013, 10, 35���74 mm SL; Turkey, Kilis prov.: stream Afrin at Afrin 36.8061N 36.9821E. ��� FFR 4016, 9, 40���87 mm SL; Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream S��ğ��tl�� at Kırıkhan 36.6117N 36.4404E. ��� FSJF 2302, 10, 38���78 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov: stream B��y��kkara at Kara��ay, 36.1355N 36.0422E. ��� FSJF 2335, 18, 31���83 mm SL; Turkey: Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8520N 36.6861E. ��� FSJF 2414, 2, 55���117 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: Orontes River at Sinanlı, 36.0974N 36.0785E. ��� FSJF 2415, 11, 41���83 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream Yıldırım at Serinyol, 36.3662N 36.1811E. ��� FSJF 2449, 3, 71��� 90 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream Karasu at Kumlu, 36.4653N 36.3803E. ��� FSJF 2663, 5, 56���94 mm SL; Syria: spring south of Qala���at al Jarras, 35.3303N 36.3106E. ��� FSJF 2667, 10, 61���103 mm SL; Syria: Lake Shadha, 35.5253N 36.2536E. ��� FSJF 2671, 7, 31���102 mm SL; Syria: Orontes north of Ain al Zarqa, 35.9444N 36.4025E. ��� FSJF 2684, 5, 59���74mm SL; Syria: Orontes River at Mashr���a al Bouz, 35.9508N 36.3958E. ��� FSJF 2695, 18, 58���106 mm SL; Syria: Orontes River at Jinan, 35.0764N 36.8431E. ��� FSJF 2699, 4, 104��� 117 mm SL; Syria: Lake Qattinah south-east of Homs, 34.6619N 36.6183E. Additional Records. Turkey, Hatay prov.: stream Hanne at Hatay, 36.2072N 36.1236E. ��� Turkey, Gaziantep prov.: stream Karasu at below Tahtak��pr�� dam, 36.8455N 36.6841E. Diagnosis. Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. rufa by having the pelvic-fin origin below the second (rarely third) branched dorsal-fin ray (vs. third, rarely fourth), and a shorter predorsal length 45���49% SL (vs. 48���51). It is distinguished from G. jordanica by having 17���21 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch (vs. 12���17), a wider head (maximum head width 73���82% HL vs. 64���72), and 2���3, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin (vs. 5���6, rarely 4). In two juvenile G. orontesi (out of 50 individuals examined) and in one large male G. jordanica (out of 40 individuals examined), we found 4 scales between the tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin. Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. turcica by having a slightly pointed snout (vs. blunt), a deeper body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 21���26% SL vs. 18���21) and caudal peduncle (depth of caudal peduncle 13���14% SL vs. 12���13). Garra orontesi is distinguished from G. ghorensis by having usually 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7��), 35���38 lateral line scales (vs. 32���34), and no tubercles on upper posterior eye margin (vs. present). It is distinguished from species of the G. rufa group in Iran by having scales on the breast and predorsal midline (vs. naked in G. mondica), usually 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7�� in G. amirhosseini, G. mondica, and G. meymehensis), 9+8 branched caudal-fin rays (vs. 8+ 8 in G. persica), 35���38 total lateral line scales (vs. 30���33 in G. tiam) and 14���16 circumpeduncular scales (vs. 12���13). The new species is distinguished from subterranean G. lorestanensis, G. tashanensis, G. typhlops, and G. widdowsoni by having a fully developed eye and a grey or brown background colour (vs. absence). Garra orontesi is distinguished from Garra variabilis by having two pairs of barbels (vs. one) and from all other Garra species in the Mediterranean basin (G. caudomaculata, G. culiciphaga, G. festai, G. kemali, G. klatti, G. nana, G. sauvagei) by having a well-developed gular disc (vs. absent). Description. For general appearance, see Figs. 1���5 and Table 1 for morphometric data. Body elongate, moderately compressed laterally, more compressed in region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently, slightly convex, slightly continuous with dorsal body profile to nape or about middle between nape and dorsal-fin origin, almost straight until dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile nearly straight to anal-fin origin. Head moderately large and depressed, with slightly convex or flat interorbital distance; height at nape less than HL; width at nape greater than depth. Snout blunt, with transverse lobe, with numerous small- or medium-sized tubercles. Proboscis covered with small or medium-sized tubercles. Proboscis not or only slightly elevated from depressed rostral surface. Lateral surface of snout covered by small to medium sized tubercles reaching to anterior eye margin. Fewer tubercles in juveniles and no tubercles in few juveniles and adults. Size of the tubercles variable. Eye placed dorso-laterally in posterior half of head. Two pairs barbel, rostral barbel antero-laterally located, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, longer than rostral barbel. Rostral cap developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface, its length 10���12% (mean 10.0%) of lateral HL. Upper jaw generally covered by rostral cap except in some individuals. Torus slightly squarish, rarely round, labella and labrum entirely covered by small papillae. The gular grooves moderately distinct. Gular disc elliptical or slightly squarish, shorter than wide. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� (2) and 8�� (18) branched rays, last simple ray slightly shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; first or second branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to anus or behind. Pectoral fin with 13���16 [13 (1), 14 (3), 15 (11) and 16 (5)] rays, reaching to a point 2���4 (mode 3) scales anterior to pelvic-fin origin, length almost equally or longer than head length. Pelvic fin with 8 (2) and 9 (18) rays, reaching to, or beyond anus, not reaching anal-fin base, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserts below third or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal fin short, with 3 simple and 5�� (20) branched rays; first or second branched ray longest, almost reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or rarely anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anus 2���4 scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; tip of lobes pointed. A total of 17���21 gill rakers on lower limb of first branchial arch. Lateral line complete, 35���38 [35 (4), 36 (11), 37 (4) and 38 (1)] total lateral line scales; 33���36 1+2. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 3�� (1), 4�� (18) and 5�� (1); between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3�� (19) and 4�� (1) and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 4�� (17) and 5�� (3). Circumpeduncular scale rows 14 (3), 15 (12) and 16 (5). Predorsal scales 9 (1), 10 (6), 11 (4), 12 (5) and 13 (4); scales regularly arranged, same size as flank scales. Chest and belly scaled, scales deeply embedded on chest, smaller than scales on belly. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, and 5���8, usually 5, scales between the posterior-most pelvic-fin base and anus. Colouration. In ethanol: Head, back and flank dark brown or dark grey. Single or groups of dark brown scales on flank. Mouth, chest and abdomen cream or yellowish. A large, squarish or oblong, black or dark brown blotch at posterior-most caudal peduncle, absent in some individuals. Lateral line pores cream whitish. Dorsal-fin rays and membranes grey. Base of last 4���6 branched dorsal-fin rays with a black spot or black in individuals larger than 50 mm SL, hyaline in others. Caudal fin grey, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins grey, rarely hyaline. An irregularly shaped black caudal-fin margin in some individuals. In life: Single or groups of dark brown scales on flank, often organised in a very irregularly shaped stripe along lateral midline. Head brown, greenish or grey. Flank scales silvery, yellowish, greenish, greyish or brown; whitish or yellowish on ventral flank and belly. Some populations almost completely grey or silvery. Iris red. A blue blotch at anterior most lateral line reaching down to upper pectoral-fin base. Fins yellowish, brown or hyaline. Usually red caudal-fin membranes on lower lobe or up to middle of fin. Etymology. The species is named for Orontes, a son-in-law of the Punjabi king Deriades. In the ancient Greek epic poem Dionysiaca, he was killed by Dionysus at the river later taking his name. A noun in genitive. Distribution. Garra orontesi is widespread in the Orontes River drainage in Turkey and Syria. It is expected to be found in the headwaters of the Orontes in Lebanon also. Remarks. Following Durna et al. (2010) and Hamidan et al. (2014), G. orontesi is most closely related to G. rufa from the Euphrates and Tigris. However, Hashemzadeh Segherloo et al. (2016) demonstrated that the phyogenetic relationships of several species and species groups within the G. rufa group are not well resolved. Garra orontesi and G. rufa are separated by 2.7% K2P distance in the studied COI gene region (Hamidan et al. 2014) and it is distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 3.9% from geographically adjacent G. turcica and 4.7% from adjacent G. jordanica. From 210 combinations of different Garra species (Table 2) only eight are below a minimum K2P distance of 3.0%. These include well-distinguished species as G. rufa and G. persica (2.39%) and geographically widely disjunct species as G. mondica and G. turcica (2.21%). Only four combinations are below 2%: G. gallagheri vs. G. longipinnis: 1.99%, and the combinations between G. elegans, G. amirhosseini and G. mondica. As G. elegans is well distinguished by morphological characters from all other species of Garra in the Middle East (Freyhof 2016), it is placed in the G. rufa group by mitochondrial and nuclear characters (Behrens- Chapuis et al. 2015). In this species, DNA introgression cannot be full excluded and we see no reason to treat G. mondica and G. amirhosseini as synonyms of G. elegans. However, further research is recommended to test, if the morphological characters distinguishing G. mondica and G. amirhosseini are confirmed in the future., Published as part of Bay��elebi, Esra, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 169-180 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on pages 171-178, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4671557, {"references":["Durna, S., Bardakci, S. & Degerli, N. (2010) Genetic diversity of Garra rufa Heckel, 1843 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Anatolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 38, 83 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. bse. 2009.12.009","Hamidan, N. A., Geiger, M. F. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Garra jordanica, a new species from the Dead Sea basin with remarks on the relationship of G. ghorensis, G. tibanica and G. rufa (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3), 223 - 236.","Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Abdoli, A., Eagderi, S., Esmaeili, H. R., Sayyadzadeh, G., Bernatchez, L., Hallerman, E., Geiger, M. F., Ozulug, M., Laroche, J. & Freyhof, J. (2016) Dressing down: convergent reduction of the mental disc in Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Middle East. Hydrobiologia, 785 (1), 47 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 016 - 2902 - 8","Freyhof, J. (2016) Redescription of Garra elegans (Gunther, 1868), a poorly known species from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Zootaxa, 4173 (5), 496 - 500. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4173.5.7"]}

Key to species of Garra with a fully developed gular disc in the Euphrates and the Mediterranean Sea basin 1a One pair of barbels........................................................................... G. variabilis 1b Two pairs of barbels................................................................................... 2 2a Eye externally invisible, body pink, without pattern................................................ G. widdowsoni 2a Eye fully developed, body brown, yellowish or grey, usually with mottled pattern................................... 3 3a 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays; a small field of tubercles behind upper posterior eye margin; 31���32+1���2 lateral-line scales; no black blotch on flank at middle of posterior caudal peduncle........................................... G. ghorensis 3b 8�� branched dorsal-fin rays; no tubercles behind upper posterior eye margin; 33���36+1���2 lateral line scales; a black blotch on flank at middle of posterior caudal peduncle at least visible in juveniles........................................... 4 4a Snout blunt; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 18���21% SL................................................ G. turcica 4b Snout slightly pointed; body depth at dorsal-fin origin 20���26% SL............................................... 5 5a 12���17 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch; 5���6, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin; maximum head width 64���72% HL........................................................................ G. jordanica 5b 17���21 gill rakers on lower part of first gill arch; 2���3, rarely 4 scales between tip of pectoral fin and pelvic-fin origin; maximum head width 73���82% HL................................................................................. 6 6a Pelvic-fin origin below second (rarely third) branched dorsal-fin ray; predorsal length 45���49% SL; distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin origins 28���32% SL................................................................. G. orontesi 6b Pelvic-fin origin below third, rarely fourth branched dorsal-fin ray; predorsal length 48���51% SL; distance between pectoral and pelvic-fin origins 31���35% SL....................................................................... G. rufa, Published as part of Bay��elebi, Esra, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Garra orontesi, a new species from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 169-180 in Zootaxa 4952 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4952.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/4671557

Oxynoemacheilus amanos, new species (Fig. 1���3) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D0A807FB-78E2-496F-8E28-093E948854F1 Holotype. FFR 15582, 65 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: spring İncesu at Hassa, 36.7935 36.5135. Paratypes. FFR 1478, 45, 43���71 mm SL; FSJF 2273, 32, 41���69 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus amanos is distinguished from other species of the O. galilaeus species group by a combination of characters, none of them unique to the species. It is distinguished from O. cilicicus by possessing 23���45 lateral-line pores (vs. 13���23), 10���13 pores in infraorbital canal (vs. 8���10), and a more slender body (body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length vs. 1.0���1.2). The new species is distinguished from O. namiri by lacking scales on the back and flank anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. usually with few, isolated scales), and having many, narrow, irregularly shaped and set pale-brown bars on the flank, often dissociated into a mottled pattern (vs. usually with 6���17, very distinct and regularly shaped and set bars), the flank-bars usually separated from the middorsal saddles and not meeting contralaterally (vs. usually all or most bars, at least behind dorsal-fin base, extending to middorsal saddles and usually meeting contralaterally). The new species is distinguished from O. ceyhanensis, from the upper Ceyhan drainage by possessing an incomplete lateral line, usually terminating below the dorsal-fin base or above the anus (vs. terminating on hypural complex or above anal-fin base), and lacking scales on the flank and back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. with usually isolated and embedded scales, often absent on the nape and back immediately behind the nape). Oxynoemacheilus amanos is distinguished from O. galilaeus, O. panthera, and O. leontinae by having a deeply emarginate caudal fin (vs. slightly emarginate or truncate), and the flank and back posterior to the dorsal-fin base covered by scales (vs. very few isolated scales on caudal peduncle in O. panthera and O. leontinae; no scales in O. galilaeus). Further, O. amanos has usually one, rarely two, central pores in the supratemporal canal (vs. central pore usually absent in O. panthera). Description. See Figures 1���3 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data. Medium-sized, stout species. Head long, body depth at dorsal-fin origin 1.2���1.4 times in head length. Body deepest and widest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Body width greatest at pectoral-fin base in male, slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin in female individuals collected in June (potentially due to the reproductive state). Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight or slightly convex in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.1���1.5 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe or a very small, rudimentary lobe. Pelvic-fin origin below second or rarely first branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin about vertical of midline between dorsal- and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching to approximately 60���75% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus, not reaching vertical through tip of last dorsal-fin ray. Anus about 50���80% eye diameter anterior to anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. An elevated, short dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle, close to caudal-fin base (Figure 1 and 3), shallow in some individuals (Fig. 2). Dorsal adipose crest reaching vertical through posterior anal-fin base. Largest known individual 71 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�����9�� (mode 8��) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays, outer margin convex. Pectoral fin with 10���12 (mode 11) rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Pelvic fin with 6���7 (mode 6) rays, outer margin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin deeply emarginate, its median shortest ray being 1.2���1.5 times in the length of the longest unbranched ray in the upper caudal-fin lobe. Flank and back behind dorsal-fin base covered by scales. Lateral line incomplete, often interrupted, with 23���45, exceptionally two individuals with 14 and 17 pores, usually terminating below dorsal fin base, rarely in front of or behind vertical of dorsal-fin base or above anus. Anterior nostril opening at the end of a low, pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril reaching to posterior nostril when folded backwards. One, rarely two central and lateral pores on each side of supratemporal canal, 10���13 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3���4 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 8���10 pores in supraorbital canal and 7���9 pores in mandibular and preopercular canals. No suborbital groove or flap in male. Mouth small, slightly arched. Lips thick, without furrows, lower lip thicker than upper lip. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip with a small median incision. Processus dentiformis wide, distinct, and usually rounded, pointed in some individuals. Lower jaw rounded, without median notch. Inner rostral barbel short, usually not reaching base of maxillary barbel, rarely reaching; outer rostral barbel long, usually reaching to midpoint of eye, rarely not reaching; maxillary barbel long, reaching posterior edge of pre-opercle. Coloration. Body with yellowish background and a dark-brown pattern in live and preserved individuals. Dorsal head and cheek with many brown spots forming a vermiculated or marbled pattern in some individuals, ventral surface of head with brown dots or without pattern. Flank mottled with many vertically elongate and irregularly shaped blotches in many individuals, vertically elongate blotches larger in others, with 11���17 very irregularlyshaped dark-brown bars, wider than interspaces in most individuals. Only in one out of more than 150 individuals examined (not all preserved), with distinct, regularly shaped flank-bars (Fig.2). Back usually with 6���8 large, irregularly-shaped dark brown blotches or saddles, wider than or equal to interspaces; back rarely mottled or without pattern. In few individuals, individual flank-bars extending to middorsal saddles and meeting contralaterals. A triangular, dark-brown blotch at upper and lower caudal-fin base, usually fused into a dark-brown bar. Above and below major unbranched caudal-fin rays 1���2, rarely 3 dark-brown, roundish or ovoid blotches, darker than bands on caudal fin. Dorsal, caudal and pectoral fins with many small, dark brown or black blotches on rays. Blotches forming 2���5 bands on caudal-fin. Pelvic and anal fins with few dark brown or black blotches on rays. Blotches on pectoral and pelvic fins usually on dorsal surface, not forming bands. Blotches on anal-fin forming 1���3 narrow rows. Pelvic and anal-fins usually hyaline or light yellowish, other fins greyish. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus amanos is found in the spring İncesu at Hassa. The spring is situated in the catchment of the Hupnik River, which is a tributary of the Karasu, a northern tributary of the Orontes (Fig. 4, Table 2). Etymology. The species is named for the Amanus (=Amanos), the ancient name of the Nur mountains in the Turkish Hatay Province. The Nur mountains run roughly parallel to the Gulf of İskenderun. A noun in apposition., Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran & Freyhof, J��rg, 2021, Oxynoemacheilus amanos, a new nemacheilid loach from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 559-570 in Zootaxa 4938 (5) on pages 560-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.5.3, http://zenodo.org/record/4575072

Paracobitis salihae, new species (Figs 2���4) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8796E0F5-7867-4369-8C50-7F9535567308 Holotype. FFR 3657, 66 mm SL, Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 2 km east of Aktoprak, 37.8443 N, 37.6703 E. Paratypes. FSJF 4104, 1, 48 mm SL, Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 7 km northeast of G��lbaşı, 37.8391 N, 37.6974 E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FFR DNA-Para1; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: G��ksu River at 7 km northeast of G��lbaşı, 37.8391 N, 37.6974 E. (GenBank accession number: MT 651606). Diagnosis. Paracobitis salihae is distinguished from P. zabgawraensis by its greater predorsal length (56���57% SL vs. 49���56), truncate caudal fin (vs. emarginated), greater prepelvic length (54% SL vs. 50���53), and longer barbels (outer rostral barbel 24���32% HL vs. 16���24; maxillary barbel 27���34% HL vs 19���27). It is further distinguished from P. zabgawraensis, its closest relative, by a K2P distance of 3.6%. Description. For general appearance see Figs. 2���4; morphometric data are provided in Table 3. Medium-sized, elongate and slightly compressed laterally, with medium-sized head. Predorsal profile convex, prepelvic profile straight. Body deepest and widest slightly in front of dorsal-fin origin, depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. No hump at nape. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout slightly pointed. Caudal peduncle strongly compressed laterally, measured without crest: 1.5 times longer than deep. No axillary lobe at pelvic-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin below dorsal-fin origin. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 40 or 50% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. Moderately high to shallow adipose crest on caudal peduncle. No ventral adipose crest. Dorsal fin reaching or slightly behind to anteriormost tip of dorsal adipose crest when folded down. Anus about 60���90% eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Margin of dorsal fin convex. Caudal fin truncate. Largest known specimen 66 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 9, pelvic fin with 7 rays. Flank behind vertical through adipose-crest origin covered with small, deeply embedded scales. Back and anterior flank naked. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base or middle of caudal peduncle, with 74, 81 pores. Anterior nostril opening as pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior nostril oval, posterior tip of anterior nostril not, or only just overlapping posterior nostril when folded down. One central and one lateral pore on each side of supratemporal canal, 9 or 10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, 3 pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 8 or 10 pores in supraorbital canal and 10 pores in preoperculomandibular canal. No suborbital flap or groove in male. No external sexual dimorphism observed. Mouth small, arched. Lips moderately thick with prominent furrows. A median interruption in lower lip. Upper lip without median incision. Processus dentiformis large, blunt. A median notch in lower jaw in paratype, absent in holotype. Barbels of holotype moderately long, inner rostral not reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching vertical through base of maxillary barbel; maxillary barbel almost reaching to vertical through posterior eye margin. Barbels of paratype long, inner rostral barbel reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching vertical through middle of eye; maxillary barbel reaching behind vertical through posterior margin of eye. Coloration. Yellowish green background in live and formalin-preserved individuals. Body with a dark-brown vermiculate or marbled pattern, especially on predorsal back and flank posterior to dorsal-fin base, pale-brown anterior to dorsal-fin base. Colour pattern continues into dorsal adipose crest. Dorsal head and cheek with a vermiculate pattern; ventral surface of head without pattern. Both individuals with a thin dark-brown bar on caudal-fin base. Median part of dorsal-, caudal-, pectoral- and anal-fin rays of holotype, and dorsal- and caudal- fin rays of paratype black, often with black blotches. A few black blotches on pelvic-fin rays of holotype, and on pectoral-, anal- and pelvic-fins of paratype. No or very little pigmentation on fin membranes. Pectoral- and pelvic fins yellowish, others fins grey. Distal margin of fins hyaline. All fins except dorsal reddish in life. Distribution. Only known from the G��ksu River, a tributary of the upper Euphrates (Figs. 5���6). Etymology. Paracobitis salihae is named in honour of the Saliha Kaya (1939-2015), mother of the first author. A noun in the genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Paracobitis basharensis, P. molavii and P. zabgawraensis are the three Paracobitis species known from the Tigris drainage, but only P. zabgawraensis is found in the upper Tigris drainage and this species is related to P. salihae. Paracobitis salihae is distinguished from P. molavii by possessing a longer caudal peduncle (19% SL vs. 14���18) and a dark-brown vermiculate colour pattern on the flank and predorsal back (vs. forming a dense mottled pattern). Paracobitis salihae is further distinguished from P. basharensis by its dorsal-fin origin being above the vertical through the pelvic-fin origin (vs. about one eye diameter behind), and having a greater prepelvic length (54% SL vs. 50���53), deeper body (maximum body depth 17% SL vs. 12) and shorter caudal peduncle (without crest 1.5 times longer than deep, vs. 2.0���2.3). As only two individuals of P. salihae could be found, the diagnostic value of all morphometric character states mentioned here should be treated as tentative. But the substantial K2P distance between it and Paracobitis zabgawraensis, to which it has a sister-group relationship (Fig. 1) encourages us to recognise P. salihae as a distinct species. We hope more individuals will become available in the future, allowing a better morphological differentiation of this species against its congeners. We do not wait until that time to make the species name available, however, because this species could be Critically Endangered as a result of the very small size of its known population and range, threatened additionally by dam constructions close to its very small distribution range., Published as part of Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut, Kalayci, G��khan, Bay��elebi, Esra & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, The westernmost known population of Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae), with the description of a new species from the Euphrates River in southern Anatolia, pp. 525-534 in Zootaxa 4838 (4) on pages 527-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4486912

Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956 (Fig. 3) Garra barreimiae Fowler & Steinitz, 1956:262 (type locality: Buraimi [= Al Buraimi], Oman); Garra barreimiae shawkahensis Banister & Clarke, 1977:136 (type locality: Wadi Shawkah, Oman); Garra barreimiae West Clade (Pichler et al. 2018, Kirchner et al. submitted). Material examined. FSJF 4077, 26, 25���50 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Ajran about 3 km south-east of Ajran, 24.024��N, 56.196��E.��� FSJF 4073, 4, 40���49 mm SL; Oman: Falaj at mosque in Al Juwayf, 24.549��N, 56.105��E.��� FSJF 4075, 18, 37���74 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Qahfi, 24.713��N, 56.186��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. NMW-100045; FSJF DNA- 3235; Oman: Wadi Ajran about 3 km south-east of Ajran, 24.024��N, 56.196��E (GenBank accession number: MN830405, MN830867, MN830868).��� NMW-100036; Oman: Hafeet, 23.993��N, 55.843��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830404).���NMW-100037; Oman: Al Hayyal, 23.434��N, 56.740��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830403).���NMW-100044; FSJF DNA- 3231; Oman: Falaj at mosque in Al Juwayf, 24.549��N, 56.105��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830407, MN830863, MN830864).���NMW-100046; Oman: Khutwa, 24.321��N, 56.130��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830406).��� FSJF DNA-3233; Oman: Wadi Qahfi, 24.713��N, 56.186��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830865, MN830866).��� FSJF DNA-2488; UAE: Wadi Shawkah, in Emirate of Ras Al-Khaimah, 25.098��N, 56.109��E (GenBank accession numbers: KM214685, KM214738, KM214758, KM214779).��� FSJF DNA-2489; UAE: Wadi Wurayah in Emirate of Al-Fujaira, 25.398��N, 56.269��E. (GenBank accession numbers: KM214734, KM214767, KM214783). Diagnosis. Garra barreimiae is distinguished from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountains by having 15���18 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 10���14) and an orange spot present at the upper opercle (vs. absent). It also has a strongly mottled flank pattern with individual or series of orange midlateral scales (vs. orange scales absent in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis and many individuals of G. shamal), and bold black middle caudal-fin rays with white membranes (vs. middle caudal-fin rays and membranes slightly darker or the same colour as remaining caudal-fin rays and membranes in G. shamal). G. barreimiae is further distinguished by the dark margins of the flank scales below the lateral line being very indistinct or absent (vs. present in G. longipinnis), having a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. evenly-coloured dorsal fin in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis and G. sharq), and usually orange anal- and paired fins (vs. greenish, grey or black in G. gallagheri, G. longipinnis, and G. sharq). Distribution. Found in wadis on both flanks of the northern Hajar Mountains in UAE and Northern Oman, with a range extending southwards from the southern edge of the Ru���us al-Jibal range (Musandam Peninsula) to Al Hayyal on the Gulf of Oman coast and at least to Wadi al-Kabir and its tributaries on the interior flank (Fig. 2). Remarks. When Banister & Clarke (1977) described G. b. shawkahensis, they examined two juvenile paratypes of G. barreimiae (33, 34 mm SL), which were of ���fragile condition��� (p. 133) and not closely examined. The authors did examine fishes from Muscat and Wadi Sahtan (in the coastal basin of Oman) in detail and identified them as G. b. barreimiae since they possessed 11���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18 in G. b. shawkahensis). However, the individuals that Banister and Clarke identified as G. b. barreimiae do not conform to those collected in the area of the type locality Al Buraimi (15���18 gill rakers), and they in fact redescribed G. barreimiae which is conspecific with G. b. shawkahensis. Moreover, the specimens Banister & Clarke identified as G. b. barreimiae represent a distinct species, which is described below as G. shamal. The description of Garra barreimiae wurayahi from the Emirate of Fujairah by Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa (2009) does not fulfil the criteria of the ICZN, therefore the name is not available. This population is here identified as G. barreimiae., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 527-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Banister, K. E. & Clarke, M. A. (1977) The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1975. Journal Oman Studies, 1, 111 - 154.","Pichler, A., Ahnelt, H., Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Handschuh, S., Freyhof, J., Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2018) The morphological diversity of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101, 1053 - 1065. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 018 - 0758 - 7","Khalaf-Sakerfalke von Jaffa, N. A. B. A. T. (2009) Garra barreimiae wurayahi Khalaf, 2009: A new blind cave fish subspecies from Wadi Al Wurayah pools, Emirate of Fujairah, United Arab Emirates. Gazelle, 90, 1 - 15."]}

Garra sharq, new species (Fig. 13 ���16) Garra barreimiae East Clade (Pichler et al. 2018, Kirchner et al. submitted). Holotype. NMW-100002, 50.6 mm SL; Oman: Qifayfah, 22.915��N, 58.425��E. Paratypes. NMW-100003_1, 1, 53 mm SL; NMW-100003_2, 1, 46 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 4085, 8, 35���50 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 3 km east of Saman, 22.983��N, 58.594��E.��� FSJF 4083, 6, 44���49 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah near Ghubra Natural Park, 23.022��N, 58.726��E.��� FSJF 4095, 1, 46 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 5 km west of Saman, 22.979��N, 58.527��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. NMW-100002, holotype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830417); NMW-100003_1, paratype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830416); NMW-100003_2, paratype; (GenBank accession number: MN 830418); Oman: Qifayfah, 22.915��N, 58.425��E.���NMW-100043; Oman: Al Hajir, 22.987��N, 58.503��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830420).���NMW-100040; Oman: Wadi Kabbah, 22.916��N, 58.872��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830419).��� FSJF DNA-3241; Oman: Wadi Kabbah near Ghubra Natural Park, 23.022��N, 58.726��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830872, MN830873, MN830874).��� FSJF DNA-3243; Oman: Wadi Kabbah about 3 km east of Saman, 22.983��N, 58.594��E (GenBank accession number: MN 830875). Diagnosis. Garra sharq is distinguished from the other species of Garra in the Hajar Mountains by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from G. barreimiae by absence of orange spot at the upper opercle (vs. presence) and a white dorsal fin tip (vs. presence), and by having 10���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18). Garra sharq is distinguished from G. gallagheri and G. longipinnis by having a strongly mottled flank pattern (vs. almost plain or with slight mottling) and individual or series of orange midlateral flank scales (vs. no orange scales). It is distinguished from G. shamal by absence of a white dorsal-fin tip (vs. presence), orange scales on the flank usually present (vs. usually absent) and having black dorsal-fin membranes (vs. hyaline, brown, grey, often hyaline in proximal and black on distal portion). Description. Morphometric data in Table 4. Body elongated, moderately compressed laterally, more compressed in region of caudal peduncle. Dorsal head profile rising gently, slightly convex, continuous with dorsal body profile from interorbital space to about halfway between nape and dorsal-fin origin, gently convex to dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile more-or-less straight to anal-fin origin. Head moderately large and depressed, with slightly convex or flat interorbital distance. Snout blunt, almost straight. Transverse lobe with 5���14 small or medium sized tubercles on each side, lateral tubercle enlarged, directed sideward. Transverse lobe demarcated posteriorly by a well-developed transverse groove. Proboscis covered with small or medium sized tubercles, largest on anterior margin. Proboscis slightly elevated from depressed rostral surface. Lateral surface of snout covered by small to medium sized tubercles reaching to nare. A patch of tubercles between nare and anterior eye-margin. Depressed rostral surface without tubercles, rarely with few isolated tubercles. Anterior arm of depressed rostral surface reaching to base of rostral barbel, clearly separating transverse lobe from lateral surface. A shallow groove between transverse lobe and lateral surface. No tubercles in juvenile and many adult individuals. Eye placed dorso-laterally in posterior half of head. Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbel located antero-laterally, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbel at corner of mouth, shorter than rostral barbel. Rostral cap well-developed, fimbriate, papillate on ventral surface. Upper lip present as a thin band of papillae arranged in two ridges. Upper jaw almost or completely covered by rostral cap. Disc elliptical, about as wide as long and narrower than head width through base of maxillary barbel; groove between antero-median fold and central callous-pad narrow and deep, papillae on latero-posterior flap small; anterior marginal surface of central callous pad with small papillae; posterior margin of latero-posterior flap extending vertically to middle of eye or posterior margin of eye. Caudal fin with 9+8 branched rays; dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� branched rays, last simple ray shorter than head length; distal margin concave; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base; inserted anterior to vertical through pelvic-fin origin; first branched ray longest, tip of last branched ray reaching vertical to anus. Pectoral fin with 1���2 simple and 11���14 branched rays, reaching to a point 4���7 scales anterior to pelvic-fin origin, length shorter than head length. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7���8 branched rays, reaching to, or slightly beyond anus, not reaching anal-fin base, origin closer to anal-fin origin than to pectoral-fin origin, inserts below third or fourth branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal fin short, with 3 simple and 5�� branched rays; first branched ray longest, reaching to dark grey or black blotch on posterior caudal peduncle or slightly anterior to it; distal margin concave; origin closer to caudalfin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Anus 1���3 scales in front of anal-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; tip of lobes pointed; upper lobe longer than lower lobe. A total of 10���14 gill rakers on lower limb of first branchial arch. Lateral line complete, usually with 30���32 scales on body and 2���3 scales on caudal fin. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4��; between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 3�� and between lateral line and anal-fin origin 3��. Circumpeduncular scale rows 12, rarely 13, 14 or 15. Predorsal scales 11���14; scales often irregularly arranged, flank scales smaller. Chest and belly scaled, scales usually absent between pectoral-fin bases; scales deeply embedded. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, and 4���7, usually 6, scales between the posteriormost pelvic-fin base and anus. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows, 2.4.5���5.4.2 (n=2). Colouration. In ethanol: Head, dorsum and flank dark- or pale-grey. Single or small groups of blackish scales on flank. No midlateral stripe. Mouth, chest and abdomen dark- or pale-grey, paler than back and flank. An indistinct, roundish, large black blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle. A black blotch at anteriormost lateral line. Fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline. Base of posterior branched dorsal-fin rays with a black spot, usually fused with black dorsal-fin membrane. Caudal-fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline; 1���2 rays above and 2���4 rays below fork black, membranes whitish. In life: Background colour brown or yellowish with single or small groups of blackish scales on flank. Individual or small groups of flank scales with orange or cream centre, head yellowish brown. Mouth, chest and abdomen dark or pale brown or cream. An indistinct, roundish, large black blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle, absent in many individuals. A blue or black blotch at anteriormost lateral line. Fin rays yellowish or hyaline, fin membranes black, dusty grey or hyaline, usually black in dorsal fin. Iris white and orange. Upper part of mental disc blackish in some individuals, depressed rostral surface black or at least darker than proboscis and transverse lobe. Distribution. Garra sharq is endemic to Oman where it is restricted to the Wadi Dayqah drainage, including wadis Tayyin, Deema and Kabbah, which flows to the coast before entering the sea at the city of Daghmar (Fig. 2). This species also occurs in isolated falaj irrigation systems and springs in the internal basin north of Wahiba Sands. The type locality of G. sharq is pictured in Fig. 17. Etymology. The species name is derived from the Arabic word for east: sharq, for the distribution range of the species in north-eastern Oman. A noun in apposition, indeclinable. Remarks. The distribution of this species in the Wadi Dayqah drainage plus the adjacent internal basin suggests recent connections between both watersheds. While G. sharq is found in the upper Wadi Dayn and falaj irrigation systems in the city of Al-Mintirib, other falaj systems in the area are inhabited by G. gallagheri. As Garra from Wadi Dayn and Al-Mintirib were examined only for molecular characters, we cannot exclude that both species might occur in sympatry or that these are hybrid populations., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 538-542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Pichler, A., Ahnelt, H., Kirchner, S., Sattmann, H., Haring, E., Handschuh, S., Freyhof, J., Victor, R. & Kruckenhauser, L. (2018) The morphological diversity of Garra barreimiae (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 101, 1053 - 1065. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10641 - 018 - 0758 - 7"]}

Garra gallagheri Krupp, 1988 (Fig. 4) Garra barreimiae gallagheri, Krupp, 1988:402 (type locality: Wadi Bani Khalid north of Muqal, 22��40���N, 59��05���E, Oman); Garra barreimiae Gallagheri Clade (Kirchner et al. submitted). Material examined. FSJF 3536, 20, 46���64 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid at Sayh al Hayl, 22.595��N, 59.086��E.��� FSJF 4094, 11, 47���61 mm SL; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid north of Muqal, 22.619��N, 59.093��E.��� FSJF 4090, 2, 41���51 mm SL; Oman: Falaj in Bani Bu Ali, 22.023��N, 59.317��E.��� FSJF 4089, 6, 34���38 mm SL; Oman: Falaj in Al Mudayrib, 22.612��N, 58.667��E. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-3248; Oman: Falaj in Bani Bu Ali, 22.023��N, 59.317��E. (GenBank accession numbers: MN830869, MN830870).���NMW-100030; NMW-100042_1; NMW- 100042_2, FSJF DNA-2578; Oman: Wadi Bani Khalid at Sayh al Hayl, 22.595��N, 59.086��E (GenBank accession numbers: MN830409, MN830410, MN830411, KX244645, KX244646, KX244647, KX244648).��� FSJF DNA- 3247; Oman: Falaj in Al Mudayrib, 22.612��N, 58.667��E. (GenBank accession number: MN 830871). Diagnosis. Garra gallagheri differs from G. barreimiae by having a plain or almost plain, greenish or black flank pattern (vs. strongly mottled), with a faint dark-green lateral stripe present in some individuals (vs. absent), orange midlateral scales on the flank absent (vs. present), orange spot at the upper opercle absent (vs. present), dorsal-fin tip not white (vs. white), and 12���14 gill rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch (vs. 15���18). Distribution. Garra gallagheri is endemic to Oman, where it is distributed in the Wadi Bani Khalid and isolated falaj irrigation systems downstream, for example in the cities Al Mudayrib and Bani Bu Ali (Fig. 2). Remarks. When Krupp (1988) described G. b. gallagheri he did not mention G. longipinnis, as this species was believed to be characterized by its very large fins (see below). Krupp also did not mention whether he examined any comparative material of G. barreimiae. He states that G. barreimiae is distributed in the coastal drainages of Oman, but this statement seems to be based on the work of Banister & Clarke (1977). Krupp distinguished G. b. gallagheri from G. b. barreimiae by possession of 8 dorsal-fin rays (vs. 7). It is likely that Krupp counted the posterior pair of fin rays based on one pterygophore (here counted as 11 / 2 rays) as two rays, thus 8 rays as counted by Krupp (1988) can be treated as 7�� rays. All 20 individuals of G. gallagheri from the type locality examined in the present study possessed 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays., Published as part of Kirchner, Sandra, Kruckenhauser, Luise, Pichler, Arthur, Borkenhagen, Kai & Freyhof, J��rg, 2020, Revision of the Garra species of the Hajar Mountains in Oman and the United Arab Emirates with the description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 521-545 in Zootaxa 4751 (3) on pages 528-529, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4751.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3714753, {"references":["Krupp, F. (1988) Freshwater fishes of the Wadi Batha drainage. Journal of Oman Studies Special Report, 3, 401 - 404.","Banister, K. E. & Clarke, M. A. (1977) The freshwater fishes of the Arabian Peninsula. The Scientific Results of the Oman Flora and Fauna Survey 1975. Journal Oman Studies, 1, 111 - 154."]}

Alburnus sellal is a widespread species occurring in the Qweik River drainage in Turkey and the Persian Gulf basin in Turkey, Iraq, Syria and Iran (Berg 1949, ��zuluğ & Freyhof 2007, Freyhof et al. 2018). Alburnus zagrosensis was described from the Karun River drainage, which is a tributary of the lower Arvand River, the joint lower section of the Euphrates and Tigris. Alburnus sellal is widespread in the Karun River and its range is directly confluent with that of A. zagrosensis. The existence of minor molecular and morphological differences between populations of widespread freshwater fish species, including branched dorsal, anal and pelvic fin ray counts, colour pattern and adult size, is a well-studied phenomenon (Marcil et al. 2006). Although a single individual of A. zagrosensis differed from A. sellal in the number of scales between the lateral line and the dorsal-fin origin, we see no reason to consider A. zagrosensis as a valid species. In addition, data published in other studies confirm that A. sellal exhibits an even wider range in meristic characters than shown in the present study, all of which overlap with those of A. zagrosensis (Jalili et al. 2015, Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015, Freyhof et al. 2018). TABLE 3. Meristic data of Alburnus zagrosensis (* taken from Coad 2009, n=16, **IMNRF-1094, n=10) and Alburnus sellal (* taken from Freyhof et al. 2018, n=74, ** taken from Bogutskaya et al. 2000, n=38 (+=counted) ***; IMNRF- 1095, n=10; IMNRF-1560, n=19, IMNRF-1561, n=15, IMNRF-1562, n=7) As we were unable to find any differences between A. zagrosensis and A. sellal, we see no argument to treat A. zagrosensis as a valid species. Therefore, we treat A. zagrosensis as junior synonym of A. sellal. Material examined. All from Iran. Materials used in the morphological analyses. Alburnus zagrosensis: IMNRF-1094, 10, 33.1���114.1 mm SL; Chahar Mahal-e-Bakhtiari prov.: Gandoman Lagoon 3 km south of Hosein-Abad, 31��49���52.09���N 51��4���39.22���E. Alburnus sellal: IMNRF-1095, 10, 92.9���109.5 mm SL; Kermanshah prov.: Leileh River 1.5 km south of Kalash-e-Bakhan, 34��54���11������N 46��12���29������E. ��� IMNRF-1560, 19, 85.1���1470 mm SL; Kordestan prov.: Doab River, 33��47���0.9������N 28��12���25������E. ��� IMNRF-1561, 15, 80.1���115.6 mm SL; Kordestan prov.: Sirvan River 1.5 km south of Bih-Kehreh, 35��23���42������N 46��15���22������E. ��� IMNRF-1562, 9 (cleared and stained specimens), 65.5���114.5 mm SL; Kermanshah prov.: Dinevar River 10 km north of Bistoon, 34��26���42������N 47��26���47������E. Materials used for molecular analyses. Alburnus zagrosensis: IMNRF-1094-D, 2, Chahar Mahall-e-Bakhtiari prov.: Gandoman Lagoon near Hosein-Abad, 31��49���52.09���N 51��4���39.22���E; GenBank accession numbers: MN 101762, MN 101763., Published as part of Eagderi, Soheil, Nikmehr, Nasrin & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, Alburnus zagrosensis, a junior synonym of Alburnus sellal (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 367-374 in Zootaxa 4652 (2) on pages 371-373, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4652.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/3998465, {"references":["Berg, L. S. (1949) Freshwater fishes of Iran and adjacent countries. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute. The USSR Academy of Sciences, 8, 783 - 858. [in Russian]","Ozulug, M. & Freyhof, J. (2007) Rediagnosis of four species of Alburnus from Turkey and description of two new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 18, 233 - 246.","Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Baycelebi, E., Geiger, M. & Turan, D. (2018) Generic assignment of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya from the upper Tigris drainage, and a replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa, 4410 (1), 113 - 135 https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.1.6","Marcil, J., Swain, D. P. & Hutchings, J. A. (2006) Countergradient variation in body shape between two populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). Proceeding Biological Science, 22, 273 (1583), 217 - 223. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2005.3306","Jalili, P., Eagderi, S., Azimi, H. & Mousavi-Sabet, H. (2015) Osteological description of the southern king fish, Alburnus mossulensis from Iranian part of the Tigris River drainage. ABAH Bioflux, 7, 113 - 121.","Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Khataminejad, S., Eagderi, S., Abbasi, K., Nasri, M., Jouladeh, A. & Vasil'eva, E. D. (2015) Alburnus amirkabiri (Teleostei), a new species of shemaya from the Namak Lake basin, Iran. Journal of Ichthyology, 55, 40 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.1134 / S 0032945215010129","Coad, B. W. (2009) Alburnus zagrosensis n. sp., a new species of fish from the Zagros Mountains of Iran (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 48, 63 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09397140.2009.10638367","Bogutskaya, N. G., Kucuk, F. & Unlu, E. (2000) Alburnus baliki, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Manavgat River system, Turkey. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 11 (1), 55 - 64."]}

Oxynoemacheilus muefiti, new species (Figs 15���17) Holotype. FFR 15532, 70 mm SL, Ağrı prov.: Turkey: Murat River at Ballıbostan; 39.678 43.189. Paratypes. FFR 15507, 2, 29���45 mm SL, same data as holotype.���FFR 1432, 7, 42���63 mm SL, Ağrı prov.: Turkey: Murat River at Taşlı��ay; 39.646 43.367. Additional material. FSJF 3444, 4, 33���46 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896.��� FSJF 2556, 3, 45���47 mm SL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri south of Adıyaman, tributary to Atat��rk reservoir, 37.7417 38.3351.��� IUSHM 2019-1410, 3, 37���68 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: stream near Sarık��y, 16 km west of Eleşkirt, 39.8016 42.4816.��� IUSHM 2019-1411, 3, 43���52 mm SL; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Balıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FFR DNA- 330; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 546505).��� FSJF DNA-931; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri km south of Adıyaman, tributary to Atat��rk reservoir, 37.7417 38.3351. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 546463 - MK 546465).��� FSJF DNA-2366; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: Murat River at Ballıbostan, 12 km east of Ağrı, 39.6789 43.1896. (GenBank accession number: MK 546466).��� FSJF DNA-2380; Turkey: Ağrı prov.: stream near Sarık��y, 16 km west of Eleşkirt, 39.8016 42.4816. (GenBank accession number: MK 546467). Diagnosis. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. arsaniasus by lacking the central pore in the supratemporal canal (vs. present), having a mottled colour pattern on the caudal-fin base (vs. a bold bar, usually fused with a roundish or vertically elongate, dark-brown blotch at the vertical midline), a fine, brown, mottled colour pattern on the flank, usually organised in narrow, pale-brown bars on the flank behind the dorsal-fin base (vs. flank marmorate, often with a midlateral series of large, bold, dark-brown, very irregularly shaped blotches or short bars), the bars on the caudal peduncle not separated from the adjacent saddles on the back (vs. separated), and narrow, pale-brown, indistinct bands on the caudal fin (vs. usually bands wide, bold and dark-brown). The new species is distinguished from O. ercisianus by having a longer and more slender caudal peduncle (caudal peduncle length 1.3���1.6 times its depth vs. 1.0���1.3) in individuals larger than 50 mm SL, a narrower body (body width at dorsal-fin origin 11���13% SL vs. 13���17), and a shallow dorsal adipose crest on the caudal peduncle reaching to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray in individuals larger than 50 mm SL (vs. higher crest, not reaching to the vertical through the base of the last anal-fin ray base in individuals larger than 50 mm SL). It is distinguished from O. hazarensis by lacking a suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), having no scales on the caudal peduncle (vs. with scales), a shorter outer rostral barbel (20���34% HL vs. 34���41), and shorter maxillary barbel (25���33% HL vs. 32���40). The new species is distinguished from O. kaynaki by having an incomplete lateral line (vs. complete), no pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present), no scales (vs. present), and no bold, black bar at the caudalfin origin (vs. present). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. tigris by having a mottled flank pattern without bold bars (vs. 10���16 bold bars, very prominent on the caudal peduncle), no bold, black spots at the upper and lower caudal-fin base (vs. two bold, black spots in most individuals), and no scales (vs. present). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is further distinguished from the other species inhabiting the Euphrates drainage not belonging to the O. tigris species group by a combination of characters. It is distinguished from O. araxensis by lacking a suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), and lacking scales (vs. present). It is distinguished from O. argyrogramma, O. bergianus, O. euphraticus, and O. samanticus by having a slightly emarginated caudal-fin (vs. deeply emarginate or slightly forked), no suborbital groove in the male (vs. present), and no scales (vs. present), and no black spots at the caudal-fin base (vs. having two bold black jet spots in O. argyrogramma and O. euphraticus). Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is distinguished from O. paucilepis by having an incomplete lateral line (vs. complete), and no scales (vs. flank covered by often isolated scales). Description. See Figures 15���17 for general appearance and Table 3 for morphometric data. Medium-sized and stout species. Body deepest at about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin, depth steeply decreasing at dorsal-fin base, slightly decreasing towards caudal-fin base. A shallow or well developed hump at nape. Greatest body width at pectoral-fin base. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface, straight in interorbital space, convex on snout. Snout roundish. Caudal peduncle compressed laterally, 1.3���1.6 times longer than deep. No axillary lobe at base of pelvic fin. Pelvic-fin origin below third branched dorsal-fin ray. Anal-fin origin in front of vertical through middle between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 65���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching vertical through tip of last dorsal-fin ray, not reaching to in front of anus. Anus about �� eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. A shallow dorsal and ventral adipose crest on caudal peduncle. Dorsal adipose crest reaching to vertical through middle of caudal peduncle, not reaching to vertical through anal-fin base. Crests usually absent in individuals smaller than 50 mm SL. No central pore in supratemporal canal. Margin of dorsal fin straight or slightly convex. Caudal fin slightly emarginated. Largest known specimen 70 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 8�� branched rays. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 8+8 (n=6) and 9+8 (n=2) branched rays. Pectoral fin with 10 (n=3) and 11(n=5) and pelvic fin with 7 (n=7) and 8 (n=1) rays. No scales on back and flank. Lateral line incomplete, reaching to slightly in front of or behind vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anterior nostril opening at end of a low, pointed and flap-like tube. Posterior tip of anterior nostril reaching to posterior nostril when folded backwards. No suborbital groove or flap in male. Mouth small, arched. Lips thick with large furrows. A short median interruption in lower lip. A shallow median incision in upper lip. Processus dentiformis wide and rounded. No median notch in lower jaw. Barbels short, inner rostral barbel not reaching to base of maxillary barbel; outer one reaching to vertical between posterior nare and anterior eye margin. Maxillary barbel reaching to middle of eye or slightly beyond. Coloration. Body with yellowish, brownish or whitish background and coarse, dark- or pale-brown mottled pattern. Head pale brown or yellowish, check without pigmentation or with small, brown spots and vermiculation, ventral surface of head without pattern. Flank mottled, usually with irregularly set and shaped blotches or narrow, irregularly shaped bars on flank behind dorsal-fin origin. Back with 5���8 large, irregular shaped, brown blotches, wider than interspaces. No bold bar or blotch on caudal-fin base. Dorsal fin with many, small, black blotches on rays, forming 2���4 narrow, indistinct bands. Caudal fin with many small black blotches on rays, forming 3���4 indistinct bands. Pectoral, anal and pelvic fins hyaline in small individuals, with dark-brown or grey blotches on rays in larger individuals. Distribution. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti has been found in the upper Murat River drainage as well as in the Eğri, a tributary to Atat��rk reservoir. Etymology. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is named for M��fit ��zuluğ (Istanbul) for his strong support to our work over many years. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Remarks. Our molecular data (Fig. 1) place O. muefiti in the O. tigris species group. Based on DNA barcoding it is separated from all other species in the O. ercisianus group, and by a minimum K2P distance of 1.8% to O. ercisianus, which is the most closely related species based on the COI data we analysed. It is not supported by the PTP or mPTP delimitation as an own entity. Oxynoemacheilus muefiti is known from two widely separated areas in the Euphrates drainage, the upper Murat River and the Eğri, a tributary to Atat��rk reservoir (Fig. 2). Both populations are distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 1.0%. Our material is too limited to test, if there might be morphological differences between the two population groups which might be two species or two populations (see also Freyhof et al. 2019 for discussion). We suspect that the distribution area of O. muefiti might be still very incompletely known and many more populations will be discovered in the future which will fill the large gap in the known distribution range of the species., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Turan, Davut & Geiger, Matthias, 2019, Review of the Oxynoemacheilus tigris group with the description of two new species from the Euphrates drainage (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 29-57 in Zootaxa 4612 (1) on pages 48-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3233571

Barbatula kirinensis Tchang, 1932 (Fig. 13���15) Barbatula toni kirinensis: Tchang, 1932:115 (China: Kirin: Ching-po Lake). Material examined. HU 1809877���80, 4, 61.5���72.9 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: southern shore of Jingpo Lake, upper Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 43��79���N 128��83���E (19).���HU 1608008, 1608014, 1608025, 1608043, 1608028���29, 1608057, 1608060, 1608063, 1608039, 1608065, 1608068���70, 1608113,15, 71.3���102.4 mm SL; FSJF 4044, 4, 77.9 ��� 95.4 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Tumen River north-east of Tumen, 42��98���N 129��88���E (21); Hao Chen, Aug. 2016.���HU 1608008, 1608144, 2, 84.6���119.1 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Zhu���Erduo River near Emu, upper Mudan River flowing into Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 43��75���N 128��15���E (18); Hao Chen, Aug. 2016.��� IHB 39 ix0536���40, 5, 78.6���106.3 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Gaya River at Wangqing, upper Tumen River drainage (20).��� IHB 89 ix0058, 89ix 0060���62, 89ix 0064��� 65, 89ix 0073���74, 89ix 0164, 89ix 0290, 89ix 0293, 89ix 0295, 89ix 0297���98, 14, 73.2���124.0 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Hunchun River at Chunhua, upper Tumen River drainage (22). Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. HU1608005���06; China: Jilin prov.: Tumen River, 42��98���N 129��88���E (21). (GenBank accession numbers: KY451922 ���23).���HU1608144, China: Jilin prov.: Zhu���Erduo River, upper Mudan River flowing into Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 43��75���N 128��15���E (18). (GenBank accession number: KY451921).���HU 1809878; China: Jilin prov.: Jingpo Lake, 43��79���N 128��83���E (19). (GenBank accession number: MH 807449). Diagnosis. Barbatula kirinensis is distinguished from the other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by a combination of characters, none of them unique: having a shallow median incision in the upper lip, its depth 10��� 20% of the width of the upper lip (vs. deep, 40���60% in B. nuda and B. gibba), a short lateral expansion of the lower lip (vs. absent in B. nuda), the upper jaw partly covered by the upper lip (vs. completely covered in B. toni and B. gibba), nostrils widely spaced (vs. closely set in B. nuda), snout shorter than the postorbital head length (vs. equal to in B. nuda and B. toni), a slightly convex dorsal profile (caudal-peduncle depth 61���84% of body depth vs. convex, caudal-peduncle depth 42���55% in B. toni and B. gibba), 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6�� in and B. potaninorum), the pelvic-fin origin in front of the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. below in B. nuda) and sparsely set scales on the back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. scales restricted to the back and flank behind the dorsal-fin base in B. nuda and B. gibba). See Table 3 for the character states shown by the different species of Barbatula found in north-eastern China. Description. See Figure 13���14 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Body elongate, roundish; caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex; caudal-peduncle depth 61���84% of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile between anal-fin base and caudal-fin origin concave. Head wider than deep, head depth 74���89% of its width at posterior margin of operculum. Mouth inferior and arched (Fig. 15a). Snout rounded, short and blunt; head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.3���1.4 times its width at anterior nostril. Snout shorter than postorbital head length. Eye small, set close to dorsal profile. Anterior and posterior nostril widely spaced (Fig. 15b), gap between nostrils equal or narrower than diameter of posterior nostril at base. Caudal fin truncated (Fig. 14). Caudal-peduncle length 69���95% HL, caudal-peduncle width 41���60% its depth. Distance between anus and anal-fin origin slightly shorter than or equal to eye diameter. Dorsal-fin origin situated at middle or slightly behind middle between tip of snout and caudal-fin base. First dorsal-fin ray almost subdermal. Pelvic-fin origin situated below or in front of vertical through the dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin anterior to midpoint between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base. Scales sparsely set on back anterior to dorsal-fin origin; absent on flank and belly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, sparsely set on back and flank behind dorsal-fin origin; densely set on caudal peduncle. Scales on caudal peduncle small, oval, with moderately large focal zone and 24���25 radial grooves (Fig. 15c). Tube of posterior nostril much shorter than tube of anterior nostril. Width of anterior nostril equal to or slightly smaller than width of posterior nostril (Fig. 15b). Upper jaw not completely covered by upper lip. Upper lip with very shallow median incision, its depth 10���20% of width of upper lip. Lower lip widely separate in middle. Mental lobe flattened. Interspace between mental lobes narrow, exposing small part of lower jaw. Lower lip with short lateral expansion, its length 50���100% of width of upper lip (Fig. 15a). Maxillary barbel usually reaching to vertical through posterior eye-margin, inner rostral barbel usually reaching to anterior half or middle between posterior nostril and anterior eye-margin, outer rostral barbel usually reaching to posterior half or middle of snout. In few individuals, barbels slightly shorter. Dorsal-fin with 4 unbranched and 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 2 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 7���8+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 11���12 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6���7 branched rays. Infraorbital canal confluent with occipital canal, separated from supraorbital canal. Infraorbital canal with 11���13, supraorbital canal with 8���9, occipital canal with 3, mandibular canal and preopercular canal with 9���11 pores. Intestine Z-shaped, anterior margin of zigzag loop not touching U-shaped stomach. Colouration in preservative. Background colour pale yellow with dark-brown pattern. Back with 6-8 large, dark-green bars. Interspaces between bars equal to width of them. Flank with large cloudy mottling. Caudal fin hyaline with 4���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Dorsal fin hyaline with 3���4 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline, without pigmentation or with few small dark-brown blotches. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral fin than females (pectoral-fin length 15���17% SL vs. 11��� 15% in females) and the 2nd���7th branched pectoral-fin rays are thickened (vs. not thickened in females). Distribution. Known from Jingpo Lake, Tumen River and Zhu���Erduo River. See Figure 2 for details. Remarks. Tchang (1933) described B. kirinensis from the Jingpo Lake in the Chinese Jilin province. Kottelat (2012), Cao et al. (2012) and Prokofiev (2015) treated this species as a synonym of B. toni. Based on the characters mentioned in the original description, B. kirinensis is distinguished from B. toni by having a shorter caudal peduncle and a different colour pattern, but we found these two characters to be very variable and overlapping in both species. Tchang (1933) described B. kirinensis having the dorsal-fin with 7�� branched rays, a truncated caudal fin and the snout length about equal to the postorbital head length. In the loach pictured in the figure of B. kirinensis published by Tchang (1933), the snout is shorter than the postorbital head length, the dorsal profile is slightly convex and the pelvic-fin origin is situated below the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin. Those character states agree with the condition found in the material examined by us. As the type has been lost, we base our identification on fresh material from the type locality, Jingpo Lake. Our molecular and morphological data strongly suggest that B. kirinensis is a valid species distinct form B. toni. Barbatula nuda has been found in the Tumen River drainage by Cao et al. (2012), but we found only one species of Barbatula in the Tumen River drainage, which we identify as B. kirinensis. Cao et al. (2012) also examined B. kirinensis (IHB 39ix 0536���40, 89ix 0058, 89ix 0060���62, 89ix 0064���65, 89ix 0073���74,89ix0164, 89ix 0290, 89ix 0293, 89ix 0295, 89ix 0297���98, 19, 73.2���124.0 mm SL) in the Tumen River drainage, but identified them as B. toni. We compared these specimens with our specimens of B. kirinensis and found no difference between them., Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on pages 12-15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489, {"references":["Tchang, T. L. (1933) The study of Chinese cyprinoid fishes, Part I. Zoologica Sinica, Series B, 2, 1 - 247.","Kottelat, M. (2012) Conspectus cobitidum: An inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 26, 1 - 199.","Cao, L., Causse, R. & Zhang, E. (2012) Revision of the loach species Barbatula nuda (Bleeker 1865) (Pisces: Balitoridae) from North China, with a description of a new species from Inner Mongolia. Zootaxa, 3586, 236 - 248.","Prokofiev, A. M. (2015) A new species of Barbatula from the Russian Altai (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Zootaxa, 4052 (4), 457 - 464. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4052.4.3"]}

Barbatula zhangwuensis, new species (Fig. 29���31) Holotype. HU 1609235, 82.3 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Liu River at Ertaizicun of Zhangwu, Liao River drainage, 42��40���N 122��43���E (11); Hao Chen, May 2017. Paratypes. HU 1609229���31, 3, 73.9.1��� 96.6 mm SL; FSJF 4048, 1, 85.8 mm SL; the same data as holotype. Additional material examined. HU 1609244, 1609246���47, 1609253���54, 1609256, 1609264, 1609259���61, 10, 77.4���90.4 mm SL; China: Inner Mongolia: Muxiga River south of Muxiga, upper Liao River drainage, 43��73���N 117��66���E (7); Hao Chen, Aug. 2017.���HU 1609269, 1, 91.8 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River at Xudianzi of Dandong Kuandian Manchu Autonomous, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14); Hao Chen, Oct. 2016.���HU 1608316, 1, 86.4 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Erdaobai River 10 km east of Songjiangzhen, lower Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 42��58���N 128��19���E (17). Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. HU 1609185; China: Inner Mongolia: Muxiga River, upper Liao River drainage, 43��73���N 117��66���E (7). (GenBank accession number: MF 770521).��� HU 1609229; China: Liaoning prov.: Liu River, Liao River drainage, 42��40���N 122��43���E (11). (GenBank accession number: MF 770522).��� HU 1609269; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14). (GenBank accession number: MF 770523). Diagnosis. Barbatula zhangwuensis is distinguished from all other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by the dorsal-fin origin situated in front of the middle between the tip of the snout and the caudal-fin base (vs. behind or at middle) and the pelvic-fin origin behind the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. below or in front). Barbatula zhangwuensis is further distinguished from the other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished by having a pointed snout, head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.6���1.8 times in its width at anterior nostril (vs. blunt, 1.3���1.5 in B. nuda, B.ton, B. gibba i, B. kirinensis, B. pechiliensis, B. emuensis and B. linjiangensis), widely spaced nostrils (vs. closely set in B. nuda, B. emuensis and B. linjiangensis), the snout shorter than the postorbital head length (vs. equal in B. nuda and B. toni), a shallow median incision in the upper lip, its depth is 10���20% of the width of the upper-lip (vs. deep, 50��� 60% in B. nuda, B. gibba and B. emuensis), a blade-shaped lateral expansion of the mental lobe (vs. without in B. nuda, B. toni, B. gibba, B. kirinensis, B. emuensis, B. linjiangensis and B. potaninorum), the upper jaw completely covered by the upper lip (vs. partly covered in B. nuda, B. kirinensis, B. emuensis and B. linjiangensis), a slightly convex dorsal profile (vs. convex in B. toni, B. gibba and B. pechiliensis), 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6�� in B. potaninorum), scales restricted to the back and flank behind the dorsal-fin origin (vs. scales present anterior to the dorsal-fin origin in B. toni, B. kirinensis, B. emuensis, B. liaoyangensis and B. linjiangensis). ������continued on the next page TABLE 3. Character states of Barbatula species from north-eastern China ���?������traits cannot be established due to the unclear description of specimen See Table 3 for the character states shown by the different species of Barbatula found in north-eastern China. Description. See Figure 29���30 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Body elongate, roundish; caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex, parallel with ventral profile; caudalpeduncle depth 61���70% of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile between anal-fin base and caudal-fin origin concave. Head wider than deep, head depth 81���90% in its width at posterior margin of operculum. Mouth inferior and arched (Fig. 31a). Snout rounded, short and pointed; head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.6��� 1.8 times in its width at anterior nostril. Snout shorter than postorbital head length. Eye small, set close to dorsal profile. Anterior and posterior nostril widely spaced, gap between nostrils equal or shorter than width of posterior nostril (Fig. 31b). Caudal fin truncate. Caudal-peduncle length 95���100% in HL, caudal-peduncle width 43���49% its depth. Distance between anus and anal-fin origin shorter than eye diameter. Dorsal-fin origin situated in front of middle between tip of snout and caudal-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin behind vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Analfin origin anterior to midpoint between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base. Scales only sparsely scattered on back and flank behind dorsal-fin origin, densely set on caudal peduncle. Scales on caudal peduncle with small focal zone and 27���30 radial grooves (Fig. 31c). Anterior nostril with short tube, posterior tube shorter or without. Width of anterior nostril smaller than width of posterior nostril (Fig. 31b). Upper jaw unexposed, completely covered by upper lip. Upper lip with very shallow median incision, its depth 10���20% of width of upper lip. Lower lip widely separate in middle. Mental lobe with blade-shaped lateral expansion. Interspace between mental lobes narrow, exposing small part of lower jaw. Lower jaw with elongated club-shaped protrusion, formed by produced antero-ventral angles of symphyseal tip of dentary. Lower lip with short lateral expansion, its length is 50���70% of width of upper-lip (Fig. 31a). Maxillary barbel usually reaching to posterior eye margin, inner rostral barbel usually reaching to anterior margin of posterior nostril, outer rostral barbel usually reaching to posterior half to middle of snout. In few individuals, barbels slightly shorter. Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 2 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 7���8+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 10���11 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6���7 branched rays. Infraorbital canal confluent with occipital canal, not confluent with supraorbital canal. Infraorbital canal with 12���14 pores, supraorbital with 8���9, occipital with 3, mandibular and preopercular with 13���14 pores. Intestine Z-shaped, anterior margin of zigzag loop not touching U-shaped stomach. Colouration in alcohol. Background colour pale yellow with dark-brown pattern. Back with 10���14 large, dark-brown bars. Interspaces between the bars narrower than width of them. Flank with large cloud-like mottling. Caudal fin hyaline with 4���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Dorsal fin hyaline with 3���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline without pigmentation. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral-fin than females (pectoral-fin length 17���19% SL vs. 12��� 16% in female) and the 2nd���7rd branched pectoral-fin rays are thickened in males (vs. not in female). Distribution. Known from the Muxiga and Liu Rivers, tributaries of the Liao River, the Pushi River, a tributary of the Yalu River and the Erdaobai River. The Yalu River forms the border between China and North Korea and we expect B. zhangwuensis also to occur in North Korea. See Figure 2 for details. Etymology. The name of the species is derived from its type locality in the Chinese Zhangwu. An adjective. Remarks. With five species of Barbatula found in the Liao River drainage, there is a surprising diversity of loaches in such a relatively small river. However, no more than two species seem to occur in syntopy. We found B. pechiliensis and B. toni together in the Yin River in the upper reaches of the West Liao River, and B. liaoyangensis and B. nuda together in the Taizi River in the lower reaches of the Liao River. Only B. zhangwuensis was found in the Muxiga River, one of the tributaries of the upper West Liao River and in the Liu River in the middle Liao River drainage. Four Barbatula species have been found in the Heilongjiang River drainage so far. These are B. toni, B. emuensis, B. kirinensis and B. zhangwuensis. Barbatula kirinensis and B. emuensis are found in sympatry in the Zhu���Erduo River in the upper Mudan River and B. zhangwuensis and B. emuensis co-occur in sympatry in the Erdaobai River in the lower Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage. Only B. toni is widely distributed in the upper and lower Heilongjiang River (Fig. 3). Three species of Barbatula, B. emuensis, B. linjiangensis and B. zhangwuensis, are found in the Yalu River drainage. We found all three species at one of our four sampling sites in the Yalu River drainage, in the Pushi River. While in the Ai River and the main stem of the Yalu River (in Linjiang City) we found only B. linjiangensis and in the Hun River we found only B. emuensis., Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on pages 27-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489

Barbatula liaoyangensis, new species (Fig. 23���25) Holotype. HU 1608150, 75.9 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Taizi River east of Xiaobeihezhen, Liao River drainage, 41��36���N 122��85���E (12); Hao Chen, Oct. 2016. Paratypes. HU 1608320, 1608152, 1608851���59, 11, 62.1���89.8 mm SL, FSJF 4047, 2, 69.2 ��� 71.8 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional material examined. IHB 88 v0139, 88v 0143, 88v 0152���53, 88v 0155���57. 7, 65.9���105.9 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Taizi River at Liaoyang, Liao River drainage (12). Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. HU 1608278���79, 1608320; China: Liaoning prov.: Taizi River, Liao River drainage, 41��36���N 122��85���E (12). (GenBank accession numbers: KY451929 ���31). Diagnosis. Barbatula liaoyangensis is distinguished from all other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by having a pointed snout, head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.5���1.8 times in its width at anterior nostril (vs. blunt, 13���1.4). Barbatula liaoyangensis is further distinguished from the other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished by having the nostrils widely spaced (vs. closely set in B. nuda and B. emuensis), the snout being shorter than (vs. equal to in B. nuda and B. toni) the postorbital head length, a shallow median incision in the upper lip, its depth 10���30% of the width of the upper-lip (vs. deep, 40���70% in B. nuda, B. gibba and B. emuensis), a blade-shaped lateral expansion of the mental lobe (vs. without expansion in B. nuda, B. gibba, B. toni, B. kirinensis and B. emuensis), the upper jaw completely covered by the upper lip (vs. partly covered in B. nuda and B. kirinensis), a slightly convex dorsal profile (vs. convex in B. toni and B. pechiliensis), 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6�� in B. potaninorum) and sparsely set scales on the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. without scales anterior to dorsal-fin origin in B. nuda, B. gibba and B. pechiliensis). See Table 3 for the character states shown by the different species of Barbatula found in north-eastern China. Description. See Figure 23���24 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Body elongate, roundish; caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex, parallel with ventral profile; caudalpeduncle depth 59���68% of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile between anal-fin base and caudal-fin origin concave. Head wider than deep, head depth 75���94% in its width at posterior margin of operculum. Mouth inferior and arched (Fig. 25a). Snout rounded, short and pointed; head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.5��� 1.8 times in its width at anterior nostril. Snout shorter than postorbital head length. Eye small, set close to dorsal profile. Anterior and posterior nostril widely spaced, gap between nostrils equal or shorter than width of base of posterior nostril (Fig. 25b). Caudal fin truncate. Caudal-peduncle length 75���97% in HL, caudal-peduncle width 45���65% its depth. Distance between anus and anal-fin origin shorter than or equal to eye diameter. Dorsal-fin origin situated behind middle between tip of snout and caudal-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin situated below vertical through dorsal-fin origin or in front. Anal-fin origin anterior to midpoint between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base. Scales sparsely set on flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin, absent on back and belly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, sparsely set on back and flank behind dorsal-fin origin, densely set on caudal peduncle. Scales on caudal peduncle with small focal zone and 24���26 radial grooves (Fig. 25c). Anterior nostril formed by short tube, posterior tube shorter or without tube. Width of anterior nostril equal to width of posterior nostril (Fig. 25b). Upper jaw unexposed, completely covered by upper lip. Upper lip with very shallow median incision, its depth 10���30% of width of upper lip. Lower lip widely separated in middle. Mental lobe with blade-shaped lateral expansion. Interspace between mental lobes narrow, exposing small part of lower jaw. Lower lip with short lateral expansion, its length 30���40% of width of upper-lip (Fig. 25a). Maxillary barbel usually reaching to anterior half or middle of eye, inner rostral barbel usually reaching to posterior margin of anterior nostril, outer rostral barbel usually reaching to middle of snout. In few individuals, barbels slightly shorter. Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 2 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 7���8+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 10���11 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6���7 branched rays. Infraorbital canal confluent with occipital canal, not confluent with supraorbital canal. Infraorbital canal with 12���14, supraorbital with 8���9, occipital with 3, mandibular and preopecular with 13���14 pores. Intestine Z-shaped, anterior margin of zigzag loop not touching U-shaped stomach. Colouration in alcohol. Background colour pale yellow with dark-brown pattern. Back with 11���13 large, dark-brown bars. Interspaces between the bars equal to width of them. Flank with large cloud-like mottling. Caudal fin hyaline with 5���6 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Dorsal fin hyaline with 3���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline without pigmentation or with few dark-brown spots. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral-fin than females (pectoral-fin length 15���16% SL vs. 12��� 15% in female) and the 2nd���7rd branched pectoral-fin rays are thickened in males (vs. not in female). Distribution. Known from the Taizi River, a tributary of the Liao River. See Figure 2 for details. Etymology. The name of the species is derived from its type locality in the Chinese Liaoyang. An adjective., Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489

Barbatula linjiangensis, new species (Fig. 26���28) Holotype. HU 1608016, 81.0 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Yalu River south-west of Linjiang City, 41��79���N 126��89���E (16); Hao Chen, Oct. 2016. Paratypes. HU 1608014, 1608016, 1608019���20, 4, 52.3���81.9 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional material examined. HU 1609206, 1609242, 1609232, 1609238, 1609236, 1609239, 1708144���45, 8, 83.8���127.8 mm SL; FSJF 4049, 2, 107.7��� 109.8 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River at Xudianzi of Dandong Kuandian Manchu Autonomous, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14); Hao Chen, May 2017. ��� ��� HU 1608734, 1608608, 1608609, 1608904, 4, 76.3���79.2 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Ai River south of Yanjiacun in Fengcheng City, Yalu River drainage, 40��53���N 124��21���E (13); Hao Chen, May 2017. Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. HU 1608014, 1608016; China: Jilin prov.: Yalu River, 41��79���N 126��89���E (16). (GenBank accession numbers: MF 770525 ���26).��� HU 1609232; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14). (GenBank accession number: MF 770527).��� HU 1608734; China: Liaoning prov.: Ai River, Yalu River drainage, 40��53���N 124��21���E (13). (GenBank accession number: MF 770528). Diagnosis. Barbatula linjiangensis is distinguished from the other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from all other species except B. nuda and B. emuensis, by having the nostrils closely set (vs. widely spaced) and no lateral expansion of the lower lip (vs. having). Barbatula linjiangensis is distinguished from B. nuda by having a shallow median incision in the upper lip, its depth is 10���30% of the width of the upper-lip (vs. deep, 40���60%) and sparsely set scales on flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin (vs. scales restricted to flank behind dorsal-fin base). Barbatula linjiangensis is distinguished from B. emuensis by the snout length being equal to the postorbitalhead length (vs. shorter), having a shallow median incision in the upper lip, its depth is 10���30% of the width of the upper-lip (vs. deep, 40���60%) and the pelvic-fin origin situated below the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. in front). Barbatula linjiangensis is further distinguished by having a blunt snout (vs. pointed in B. liaoyangensis), the upper jaw only partly covered by the upper lip (vs. completely covered in B. toni, B. gibba, B. pechiliensis and B. liaoyangensis), a slightly convex dorsal profile (vs. convex in B. toni, B. gibba and B. pechiliensis) and 7�� branched rays of dorsal fin (vs. 6�� in B. potaninorum). See Table 3 for the character states shown by the different species of Barbatula found in north-eastern China. Description. See Figure 26���27 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Body elongate, roundish; caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex, parallel with ventral profile; caudalpeduncle depth 61���73% of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile between anal-fin base and caudal-fin origin concave. Head wider than deep, head depth 74���97% in its width at posterior margin of operculum. Mouth inferior and arched (Fig. 28a). Snout rounded, long and blunt; head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.4���1.5 times in its width at anterior nostril. Snout length equal to postorbital head length. Eye large and close to dorsal profile. Anterior and posterior nostril closely set (Fig. 28b). Caudal fin truncate. Caudal-peduncle length 82���104% in HL, caudal-peduncle width 40���50% its depth. Distance between anus and anal-fin origin shorter than eye diameter. Dorsal-fin origin situated at middle or behind middle between tip of snout and caudal-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin situated below vertical through dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin anterior to midpoint between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base. Scales sparsely set on flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin, absent on back and belly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, sparsely set on back and flank behind dorsal-fin origin, densely set on caudal peduncle. Scales sparsely set between pelvic-fin origin and anus. Scales on caudal peduncle with small focal zone and 29���33 radial grooves (Fig. 28c). Anterior nostril with short tube, posterior tube shorter or without. Width of anterior nostril much smaller than width of posterior nostril (Fig. 28b). Upper jaw not partly covered by upper lip. Upper lip with shallow median incision, its depth 10���30% of width of upper lip. Lower lip widely separate in middle. Mental lobe flattened, without expansion. Interspace between mental lobes narrowly exposing a small part of lower jaw. Lower lip without lateral expansion (Fig. 28a). Maxillary barbel usually reaching to posterior eye-margin, inner rostral barbel usually reaching to posterior margin of posterior nostril, outer rostral barbel usually reaching anterior margin of anterior nostril. In few individuals, barbels slightly shorter. Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 7�� branched rays. Anal fin with 2 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 7���8+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 10���11 branched rays. Pelvic-fin with 1 unbranched and 6���7 branched rays. Infraorbital canal confluent with occipital canal, not confluent with supraorbital canal. Infraorbital canal with 12���14, supraorbital with 8���9, occipital with 3, mandibular and preopercular with 13���14 pores. Intestine Z-shaped, anterior margin of zigzag loop not touching U-shaped stomach. Colouration in alcohol. Background colour pale yellow with dark-brown pattern. Head with two dark-brown lines on both sides of snout in life. Back with 13���15 large, dark-brown bars. Interspaces between the bars narrower than width of them. Flank with large cloudy speckles. Dorsal fin hyaline with 3���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline without pigmentation or with few dark-brown spots. lack stripe extends from eye to insertion of maxillary barbel. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral-fin than females (pectoral-fin length 17���19% SL vs. 13��� 15% in female) and the 2nd���7rd branched pectoral-fin rays are thickened in males (vs. not in female). Distribution. Known from the Yalu River drainage. The Yalu River forms the border between China and North Korea and we expect B. linjiangensis also to occur in North Korea. See Figure 2 for details. Etymology. The name of the species is derived from its type locality in the Chinese Linjiang City. An adjective., Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on pages 25-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489

Key to species of Barbatula in north-eastern China 1a. Anterior and posterior nostril widely spaced; lower lip with lateral expansion...................................... 2 1b. Anterior and posterior nostril closely set; lower lip without lateral expansion...................................... 8 2a. 6�� branched dorsal-fin rays; pelvic-fin origin in front of vertical through dorsal-fin origin................ B. potaninorum 2b. 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays; pelvic-fin origin below or behind vertical through dorsal-fin origin....................... 3 3a. Scales restricted to flank and back behind dorsal-fin origin..................................................... 4 3b. Scales present on complete flank and back, scales often isolated from each other and deeply embedded.................. 6 4a. Dorsal profile convex; scales restricted to caudal peduncle.......................................... B. pechiliensis 4b. Dorsal profile slightly convex; scales present on flank and back behind dorsal-fin origin............................. 5 5a. Snout blunt; pelvic-fin origin situated below the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin; median incision in upper lip longer than 50% of width of upper lip......................................................................... B. gibba 5b. Snout pointed; pelvic-fin origin situated behind the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin; median incision in upper lip less than 20% of width of upper lip................................................................... B. zhangwuensis 6a. Snout length equal to postorbital head length; dorsal profile convex.......................................... B. toni 6b. Snout length shorter than postorbital head length; dorsal profile slightly convex.................................... 7 7a. Scales present on back anterior to dorsal-fin origin; mental lobe without expansion......................... B. kirinensis 7b. Scales absent on back anterior to dorsal-fin origin; mental lobe with blade-shaped expansion.............. B. liaoyangensis 8a. Scales restricted to flank and back behind last dorsal-fin ray............................................... B. nuda 8b. Scales present from flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin to caudal peduncle, scales often isolated and embedded............ 9 9a. Median incision in upper lip less than 30% of width of upper lip; snout length equal to postorbital head length; pelvic-fin origin situated below the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin........................................... B. linjiangensis 9b. Median incision in upper lip longer than 40% of width of upper lip; snout length shorter than postorbital head length; pelvic-fin origin situated in front of the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin...................................... B. emuensis, Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489

Barbatula emuensis, new species (Fig. 19���22) Holotype. HU 1608142, 99.9 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Zhu���Erduo River near Emu, upper Mudan River flowing into Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 43��75���N 128��15���E (18); Hao Chen, Aug. 2016. Paratypes. HU 1608009���10, 1608154, 3, 60.3���72.3 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional material examined. HU1609270���71, HU1609265���68, 1608312, 1608317���18, 9, 88.6���96.7 mm SL; China: Jilin prov.: Erdaobai River 10 km east of Songjiangzhen, lower Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 42��58���N 128��19���E (17); Hao Chen, Aug. 2016.��� HU 1608859���64, 6, 70.0��� 122.6 mm SL; FSJF 4046, 3, 94.8 ��� 106.1 mm SL, China: Liaoning prov.: Hun River north of North-Shihadacun in Benxi Huanren Manchu Autonomous, upper Yalu River drainage, 41��24���N 125��34���E (15); Hao Chen, May 2017.��� HU 1609190���92, 1609196, 1609201, 5, 85.3���114.2 mm SL; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River at Xudianzi of Dandong Kuandian Manchu Autonomous, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14); Hao Chen, May 2017. Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. HU 1608010; China: Jilin prov.: Zhu���Erduo River, upper Mudan River flowing into Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 43��75���N 128��15���E, (18). (GenBank accession number: KY451932).���HU 1608860; China: Liaoning prov.: Hun River, upper Yalu River drainage, 41��24���N 125��34���E (15). (GenBank accession number: MF 770518).���HU 1609192; China: Liaoning prov.: Pushi River, Yalu River drainage, 40��68���N 124��73���E (14). (GenBank accession number: MF 770519).���HU 1609192; China: Jilin prov.: Erdaobai River, lower Songhua River of the middle Heilongjiang River drainage, 42��58���N 128��19���E (17). (GenBank accession number: MF 770520). Diagnosis. Barbatula emuensis is distinguished from the other species of Barbatula in north-eastern China by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from all species discussed above except B. nuda, by no lateral expansion of the lower lip (v s. having) and closely set nostrils (vs. widely spaced). Barbatul a emuensis is distinguished from B. nuda by the snout being shorter than (vs. equal to) the postorbital head length, having sparsely set scales on the flank anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. no scales anterior to the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin) and the pelvic-fin origin in front of the vertical through the dorsal-fin origin (vs. below). Barbatula emuensis is further distinguished by having a deep median incision in the upper lip, its depth is 50��� 70% of the width of the upper-lip (vs. shallow in B. toni, B. potaninorum, B. kirinensis and B. pechiliensis), a lateral expansion of the mental lobe (vs. with expansions in B. pechiliensis), the upper jaw partly covered by the upper lip (vs. completely covered in B. toni and B. pechiliebsi), a slightly convex dorsal profile (vs. convex in B. toni, B. gibba and B. pechiliensis) and 7�� branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 6�� in B. potaninorum). See Table 3 for the character states shown by the different species of Barbatula found in north-eastern China. Description. See Figure 19���20 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data. Body elongate, roundish; caudal peduncle compressed. Dorsal profile slightly convex, parallel with ventral profile; caudalpeduncle depth 60���74% of body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Ventral profile between anal-fin base and caudal-fin origin concave. Head wider than deep, head depth 73���96% in its width at posterior margin of operculum. Mouth inferior and arched (Fig. 21a). Snout rounded, short and blunt; head width at posterior margin of operculum 1.3���1.4 times in its width at anterior nostril. Snout length shorter than postorbital head length. Eye moderately large and close to dorsal profile. Anterior and posterior nostril closely set (Fig. 21b). Caudal fin truncate. Caudal-peduncle length 70���99% in HL, caudal-peduncle width 40���62% its depth. Distance between anus and anal-fin origin shorter than or equal to eye diameter. Dorsal-fin origin situated behind middle between tip of snout and caudal-fin base. Pelvic-fin origin in front of dorsal-fin origin. Anal-fin origin at middle between pelvic-fin origin and caudal-fin base. Lateral line complete, reaching to caudal-fin base. Scales sparsely set on flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin; absent on back and belly anterior to dorsal-fin origin; sparsely set on back, flank and belly behind dorsal fin origin; densely set on caudal peduncle. Scales on caudal peduncle fan-shaped, with a moderately small focal zone close to margin and 25���27 radial grooves (Fig. 21c). Anterior nostril with long tube, posterior nostril short or without. Width of anterior nostril smaller than or equal to width of posterior nostril. Upper jaw partly covered by upper lip (Fig. 21b). Upper lip with deep median incision, its depth 50���70% of width of upper lip. Lower lip widely separate in middle. Mental lobe without expansion. Interspace between mental lobes widely exposing small part of lower jaw. Lower lip without lateral expansion (Fig. 21a). Maxillary barbel usually reaching to middle or posterior half of eye, inner rostral barbel usually reaching to posterior or anterior nostril, outer rostral barbel usually reaching to anterior half or middle of snout. In few individuals, barbels slightly shorter. Dorsal-fin with 4 unbranched and 7�� branched rays. Anal-fin with 2 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal-fin with 7���8+8 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 1 unbranched and 10���11 branched rays. Pelvic fin with 1 unbranched and 6���7 branched rays. Infraorbital canal confluent with occipital canal, not confluent with supraorbital canal. Infraorbital canal with 12���14, supraorbital with 7���8, occipital with 3, mandibular and preopercular with 9���11 pores. Intestine Z-shaped, anterior margin of zigzag loop not touching U-shaped stomach. Colouration in preservative. Background colour pale yellow with dark-brown pattern. Back with 11���13 large, dark-brown bars. Interspaces between the bars narrower than width of them. Flank with large cloud-like mottling. Caudal fin hyaline with 3���4 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Dorsal fin hyaline with 3���5 dark-brown bands formed by spots. Pectoral and pelvic fins hyaline without pigmentation or with few dark-brown spots. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral-fin than females (pectoral-fin length 16���18% SL vs. 12��� 15% in female) and the 2nd���7rd branched pectoral-fin rays are thickened in males (vs. not in female). See Figure 22 for details. Distribution. Known from the Zhu���Erduo and Erdaobai Rivers. These rivers are tributaries of the Heilongjiang River. It is also found in the Hun and Pushi Rivers, which are tributaries of the Yalu River. The Yalu River forms the border between China and North Korea and we expect B. emuensis also to occur in North Korea. See Figure 2 for details. Etymology. The name of the species is derived from its type locality in the Chinese Emu City. An adjective., Published as part of Chen, Hao, Zhang, Hui, Chen, Yongxia & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, A review of the Barbatula loaches (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from north-eastern China, with the description of four new species, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4565 (1) on pages 19-22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4565.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2589489

Alburnus magnificus, new species (Figure 2���4) Holotype. FFR 998, 76 mm SL; Turkey: Kilis prov: stream Afrin about 5 km east of Kocabeyli, 36.806 36.982. Paratypes. FFR 0 4672, 16, 35���65 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FFR 0 0 990, 86, 42���82 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay Province: stream Bedirge north east of Akıncılar, 36.371 36.1938��� FFR 0 4673, 2, 60���70 mm SL; Turkey: Gaziantep Province: stream Karasu at Tilmen H��y��k 37.030 36.705.��� FSJF 2298, 22, 33���72 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream B��y��k Kara��ay at Kara��ay, 36.1355 36.0422.��� FSJF 2412, 21, 41���78 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: stream Yıldırım at Serinyol, 36.3662 36.1811.��� FSJF 2915, 14, 47���78 mm SL; Turkey: Kilis prov.: stream Afrin about 16 km west of Kilis, 36.8133 36.9837. Diagnosis. Alburnus magnificus is distinguished from A. qalilus (Fig. 5) by having its anal-fin origin below or behind the vertical through the last dorsal-fin ray (vs. below the 5 th or 6 th branched dorsal-fin ray), 4���5 scale rows between the lateral line and anal-fin origin (vs. 3), and a clear pattern of bold black or brown scales in live individuals (vs. fuzzy and usually blurred). The species are further distinguished by a minimum K2P distance of 1.8% in the COI sequence data (M. Geiger, pers. comm.; see Geiger et al. 2014 for methods). Alburnus magnificus is sympatric���but not (as yet) syntopic���with A. orontis (Fig. 6) in the Orontes drainage. It is distinguished from A. orontis by having the ventral keel between the posterior end of the pelvic-fin base and anus exposed for 5���10 scales in front of the anus (vs. 0���2 scales), 9�����11�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 12�����15��), 45���52 total lateral line scales (vs. 50���62) and 4���5 scale rows between the lateral line and anal-fin origin (vs. 5���7). Alburnus magnificus is distinguished from A. baliki (Fig. 6) by having well-developed pelvic axillary scales (vs. absence), 9�����11�� branched anal-fin rays (vs. 12�����14��) and well developed, overlapping scales on the back, flank and abdomen (vs. scales reduced, often not overlapping, absent on abdomen in front of pelvic-fin base). The new species is distinguished from A. caeruleus (Fig. 6) by lacking black pigments (vs. having numerous black pigments) on the distal margin of the dorsal and anal fins and having 9�����11�� branched anal���fin rays (vs. 13����� 17��). Description. See Figures 2���4 for general appearance, Table 1 for morphometric and Table 2 for meristic data of the holotype and 30 paratypes. Dorsal and ventral body profile slightly convex, ventral profile more convex than dorsal profile. Head long, its length 24���27% SL, its upper profile slightly convex with a convex interorbital region. Mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper jaw. Eye diameter about equal to interorbital distance. Caudal-peduncle depth 1.6���2.3 times in its length. Anal-fin origin below or behind vertical through last dorsal-fin ray. Axillary pelvic scales present. Keel between anus and pelvic-fin base exposed for 5���10 scales in front of anus. Maximum known size 82 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 7�� branched rays, outer margin straight. Anal fin with 3 simple and 9�����11�� branched rays, outer margin straight or concave. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13���16 branched rays, outer margin convex. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 7 branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Caudal-fin deeply forked, its lobes slightly pointed. Lateral line complete, reaching caudal-fin base, with 45���52 total lateral line scales. 8���11 scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin; 4���5 scale rows between lateral line and anal-fin origin. 9���12 short gill rakers on first gill arch. Pharyngeal teeth 1.4���4.1. Number of total vertebrae 38 (1), 39 (6) and 40 (3); predorsal vertebrae 14 (4), 15 (5) and 16 (1); abdominal vertebrae 20 (1), 21 (2) and 22 (7), caudal vertebrae 17 (5), 18 (4) and 19 (1). Vertebral formulae 20+19 (1), 21+17 (1), 21+18(1), 22+17 (4) or 22+18 (3). Colouration. In formalin-preserved fish, back and upper part of flank brown or dark-grey, lower part of flank and belly white or yellowish. In life, dorsal part of head and back brown, flank silvery with brown, grey or black pattern. An indistinct dark-grey inner axial stripe. Flank scales with small brown, black or dark-grey dots, some scales very densely pigmented forming a mottled pattern of brown, black or dark-grey scales organised in blotches or short rows. Pattern of brown, black or dark-grey scales irregularly set, often less dense on flank below lateral line, usually more dense on flank behind vertical of anal-fin origin. All fins hyaline, orange or with an orange central field and hyaline proximal and distal margins. Small black dots on fin rays usually present. Sexual dimorphism. Male with small tubercles on head. Distribution. Alburnus magnificus has only been recorded from the lower Orontes drainage in Turkey (Fig. 1) but is expected to be found also in adjacent Syria, most likely in the Afrin River drainage. Despite extensive fieldwork in the middle and upper Orontes in Syria by Krupp (1985) and JF, the species was not found and appears to be absent. Alburnus magnificus might inhabit smaller streams and tributaries in the Orontes drainage (Fig. 7), but its specific ecology and habitat preferences remain unclear. Etymology. Named magnificus for the magnificent colour of the species. An adjective. Discussion. The two species of Alburnus in the Orontes are immediately distinguished by their branched analfin ray counts. Krupp (1992) identified the species with 12�����15�� branched anal-fin rays as A. orontis (vs. 9�����11�� in A. qalilus) and we follow that conclusion. Krupp (1992) counted the last two anal-fin rays, which are based on a single pterygophore, as 1 ray and not 1�� rays as here. This character state has also been described by Sauvage (1882), who gives 16 anal-fin rays in his description of A. orontis. Based on Sauvage���s (1882) descriptions of species with a very stable number of anal-fin rays (as Barbus), it is clear that he counted the unbranched and branched fin rays together and counted the last 1�� rays as 1 ray. Alburnus orontis has 3 unbranched and 12�����15�� branched rays, thus 15���18 rays in total versus 12���14 in A. qalilus following the methodology applied by Sauvage (1882), clearly demonstrating that Krupp (1992) identified A. orontis correctly. Krupp (1992) mentions two individuals of Alburnus sellal (MNHN A.3903) from the Orontes at Hamah in Syria collected by E. Chantre in 1881. Despite intensive fieldwork in the Orontes drainage in Syria and Turkey, A. sellal was never found there. The same is true for Cyprinion macrostomum (Cyprinidae) (MNHN 1880:1000), which was also uniquely recorded from the Orontes by E. Chantre, but otherwise has been found exclusively in the Persian Gulf basin. Both species are ubiquitous inhabitants of natural and modified rivers, streams and lakes and are generally resistant to human impacts on biodiversity, hence it is difficult to imagine that they have been extirpated from the Orontes drainage. We are therefore confident that neither species has ever occurred in the Orontes drainage and the early records constitute labelling errors in E. Chantres��� MNHN collection. Alburnus magnificus is distinguished from A. sellal, A. heckeli, A. kurui, A. kotschyi, A. tarichi and A. timarensis by presence of a pattern of irregularly set and shaped grey, dark-brown or black blotches on a silvery or brown body background (vs. absence). Alburnus magnificus additionally differs from A. sellal, A. heckeli , A. kotschyi, A. timarensis and A. kurui by absence of a dark-grey lateral epidermal stripe (vs. presence). In A. magnificus, there is an indistinct inner axial stripe in preserved individuals, but this is invisible in live fish. Alburnus magnificus has fewer total vertebrae than A. sellal, A. heckeli, A. tarichi , A. timarensis and A. kotschyi (38���40, vs. 41���45) and is further distinguished from A. sellal, A. heckeli, A. tarichi and A. timarensis by having fewer lateral line scales (45���52, vs. 66���82 in A. sellal, 77���93 in A. heckeli , 70���93 in A. tarichi, 54���72 in A. timarensis), fewer scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and lateral line (8���11, vs. 11���16 in A. sellal, 13���15 in A. heckeli , 11���15 in A. tarichi, 10���13 in A. timarensis) and fewer scale rows between the anal-fin origin and lateral line (4���5, vs. 5���7 in A. sellal, 5���8 in A. heckeli , 5���8 in A. tarichi)., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg & Turan, Davut, 2019, Alburnus magnificus, a new species of bleak from the Orontes River drainage (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 373-383 in Zootaxa 4559 (2) on pages 374-377, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4559.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2626928, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221.","Krupp, F. (1985) Systematik und Zoogeographie der Susswasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und der Ostkuste des Mittelmeers. Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, Mainz, 215 pp.","Krupp, F. (1992) Two new species of cyprinid fishes from the Mediterranean coastal drainage basin of Syria (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Cyprinidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 72 (1 / 3), 19 - 25.","Sauvage, H. - E. (1882) Catalogue des poissons recueillis par M. E. Chantre pendant son voyage en Syrie, Haute-Mesopotamie, Kurdistan et Caucase. Bulletin de la Societe philomathique de Paris (7 th Serie), 6, 163 - 168."]}

Alburnus carianorum, new species Holotype. FFR 0 4677, 95.2 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River north of Dalaman, 36.815��N 28.802��E. Paratypes. FFR 0 4618, 58, 30���92 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River north of Dalaman, 36.815��N 28.802��E.��� FSJF 1927, 2, 49���51 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: B��y��k Menderes River south of Aydin, 37.783��N 27.839��E.��� FSJF 2345, 26, 31���84 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Dalaman River south of Ortaca, 36.813��N 28.798��E.��� FSJF 2565, 2, 63���64 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Aydın, 37.762��N 27.8356��E.��� FSJF 2580, 22, 50���73 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Eski��ine, 37.543��N 28.063��E. Diagnosis. Alburnus carianorum is distinguished from A. demiri by having fewer branched anal-fin rays (11���13�� vs. 13���14��), fewer scales in the lateral line (40���47 vs. 46���49), more scale rows between the lateral line and the dorsalfin origin (6���8, vs. 9) and fewer gill rakers on the first gill arch (15���19 vs. 18���21). Alburnus carianorum has a slenderer caudal peduncle than A. demiri (8.9���10.5% SL vs.10.5���11.1). Alburnus carianorum is distinguished from A. escherichii from the adjacent Sakarya River drainage and from A. nasreddini from the adjacent Eber, Akşehir and Ilgın Lake basins by having less gill rakers (15���19, mode 18 vs. 12���16, mode 13 in A. escherichii, 13���14, mode 13 in A. nasreddini), less scales in the lateral line (40���47 vs. 45���53 in A escherichii, 45���51 in A. nasreddini) and more scale rows between the lateral line and the dorsal-fin origin (6���8 vs. 8���10). Description. See Figure 1 for general appearance and Table 1 for morphometric data of the holotype. Medium sized, moderately deep and compressed body. Dorsal body profile convex, ventral profile more convex than dorsal profile. No hump at nape. Head short, its upper profile straight at interorbital area, slightly convex at nostrils. Snout short, its length smaller than eye diameter, with slightly round tip. Mouth oblique, lower jaw slightly projecting beyond upper jaw, with slightly developed chin. Eye diameter about equal to interorbital distance. Caudal peduncle depth 1.7���2.3 times in its length. Lateral line complete, reaching caudal-fin base, with totally 40 (1), 41 (7), 42, (3), 43 (6), 44 (4), 45 (5), 46 (2) and 47 (2) scales. 6 (3), 7 (8) and 8 (19) scale rows between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, 3 (2), 4 (26) and 5 (2) scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line. Dorsal fin with three simple and 7�� (1) and 8�� (29) branched rays, outer margin straight. Anal fin with 3 simple and 11�� (1), 12�� (21) and 13�� (8) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pectoral fin with one simple 13 (13), 14 (14), 15 (2) and 16 (1) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pelvic fin one simple and 7 (2) and 8 (28) branched rays, outer margin slightly convex. Pharyngeal teeth in two rows, 2.5���5.2 or 2.4���5.2, serrated, hooked at tip. Ventral keel, prominent, exposed for 2���8 scales in front of anus. 15 (1), 16 (3), 17 (2), 18 (3) and19 (1) gill rakers on first gill arch. Numerous small tubercles on head in adult males. Etymology. Named for the Carians, the inhabitants of the ancient province of Caria in the southern Anatolian Aegean basin. A noun in the genitive case. Distribution. Lower Dalaman and B��y��k Menderes River drainages in the Turkish Aegean Sea basin. Remarks. The description of A. carianorum published here largely repeats the description of the same species published already by Freyhof et al. (2018) and further details on this species are available from that work., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Kaya, C��neyt, Bay��elebi, Esra, Geiger, Matthias & Turan, Davut, 2019, Comments on the holotype of Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018 and re-description of A. carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bay��elebi, Geiger & Turan, 2019 (Teleostei: Leuciscidae), pp. 594-596 in Zootaxa 4550 (4) on page 595, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.4.10, http://zenodo.org/record/2625564, {"references":["Freyhof, J., Kaya, C., Baycelebi, E., Geiger, M. & Turan, D. (2018 b) Generic assignment of Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya from the upper Tigris drainage, and a replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli (Teleostei: Leuciscidae). Zootaxa, 4410 (1), 113 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4410.1.6"]}

Paracobitis abrishamchiani, new species (Figs. 3���7) Holotype. VMFC PCAB-H, 95 mm SL; Iran: Mazandaran prov.: a tributary of Babol River, upstream of Lafour reservoir, near Galeshkola, 36��12'33"N 052��46'16"E; S. Vatandoust & H. Mousavi-Sabet. Paratypes. All from Iran: Mazandaran prov.: VMFC PCAB-P1, 5, 43���68 mm SL; VMFC PCAB-P2, 16, 46��� 85 mm SL; VMFC PCAB-P3, 7, 48���89 mm SL; same data as holotype. Additional materials. All from Iran: Mazandaran prov.: VMFC PCAB-P 4, 13, 34���84 mm SL; a tributary of Siah River at Seyed-Abu-Saleh, 36��25'0.22"N 53��1'5.81"E; H. Mousavi-Sabet & S. Vatandoust.��� FSJF 4058, 2, 86���92 mm SL; VMFC PCAB-P 5, 3, 89���110 mm SL; VMFC PCAB-P 6, 14, 46���94 mm SL; VMFC PCAB-P 7, 5, 68���97 mm SL; stream Shirin at Ali-Abad, at the road from Sari to Damghan, a tributary of Tajan River, 36��27'28"N 053��07'35"E; H. Mousavi-Sabet & S. Vatandoust.��� VMFC PCAB-P 8, 2, 96���97 mm SL; stream Kashpal, near Chamestan, 36��28'22.05"N 52��5'46.08"E; H. Mousavi-Sabet & S. Alavi-Yeganeh.��� VMFC PCAB-P 9, 3, 78���90 mm SL; a tributary of Talar River, at Zirab, 36��11'74"N 053��00'92"E; H. Mousavi-Sabet & S. Vatandoust. Material for molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-2754, FSJF-DNA2755; Tajan River at Ali-Abad, 36��27'28"N 053��07'35"E (GenBank accession numbers: MK238773, MK238774).��� FSJF DNA-2756; Babol River at Galeshkola, 36��12'33"N 052��46'16"E (GenBank accession numbers: MK238770, MK238771). ��� FSJF DNA-2757; stream Kashpal, at Chamestan, 36��28'22.05"N 52�� 5'46.08"E (GenBank accession number: MK 238772). Diagnosis. Paracobitis abrishamchiani is distinguished from the other species of Paracobitis in the Middle East by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from P. hircanica and P. atrakensis, two other species found in rivers of the eastern Caspian Sea basin, by having scales on the flank posterior to the dorsal-fin origin, sparsely set on the flank between the dorsal-fin origin and the anal-fin base, densely set on the caudal peduncle (vs. scales absent) and the caudal-fin rays hyaline with an irregular pattern of dark-brown or black spots and elongated blotches often organised in 1���2 wide, irregularly-shaped bars (vs. caudal-fin rays dark-brown or black, having a hyaline base and a hyaline posterior margin in P. hircanica). The base and posterior caudal-fin margin is also hyaline in P. abrishamchiani. Paracobitis abrishamchiani is further distinguished from P. hircanica by having many, pale- or dark-brown blotches and spots on the body. In individuals larger than 60 mm SL, the blotches are usually roundish or vertically elongated, some are fused to each-other. The blotches are commashaped along the lateral midline in smaller individuals forming a densely-set row (vs. a mid-lateral row of spots and small blotches, fused to an incomplete, irregularly shaped stripe along the lateral line in most individuals in P. hircanica). Paracobitis abrishamchiani is further distinguished from P. atrakensis by having a well-developed axillary pelvic lobe (vs. absent). It is distinguished from P. basharensis by having an emarginate caudal fin (vs. truncate or slightly emarginate), the dorsal-fin origin usually slightly behind a vertical through the pelvic-fin origin, rarely above or in front (vs. about one eye diameter behind a vertical through the pelvic-fin origin in P. basharensis) and a mid-lateral series of comma-shaped, pale-brown blotches in individuals smaller than 60 mm SL (vs. many brown, medium sized, widely spaced and irregularly shaped blotches forming a mottled pattern on predorsal back and on flank). In individuals larger than 60 mm SL, P. abrishamchiani is distinguished from P. malapterura and P. persa by having many, pale- or dark-brown, roundish or vertically elongated, widely spaced blotches and spots on the body, some fused to each-other (vs. a densely set pattern of dark-brown vermiculations on flank in P. malapterura, coarse brown marbling and a prominent lateral series of blotches or a midlateral stripe in P. persa). In individuals smaller than 60 mm SL, P. abrishamchiani is distinguished from P. malapterura and P. persa by having a mid-lateral series of comma-shaped, pale-brown blotches (vs. a mid-lateral row of spots, small and large blotches fused to an incomplete, irregularly shaped, stripe along the lateral line in most individuals). Paracobitis abrishamchiani is further distinguished from P. malapterura and P. persa by having 77���85 lateral line pores (vs. 87���96 pores in P. malapterura and 85-91 pores in P. persa). Paracobitis abrishamchiani is further distinguished from P. malapterura by a deeper head, its depth at eye being 48���52% HL (vs. 46���48% in P. malapterura). Paracobitis abrishamchiani is further distinguished from P. persa by a deeper caudal adipose crest, its depth at the highest point being 3.2��� 3.6% SL (vs. 2.1���3.2% in P. persa of same size), and the tube of the anterior nostril fully overlapping the posterior nostril when folded back (vs. not reaching beyond the posterior tip of the posterior nostril when folded back in P. persa). The new species is distinguished from P. molavii by having an emarginate caudal fin (vs. truncate), and a colour pattern of many, widely spaced, brown spots and blotches, organised in a midlateral series of comma-shaped spots in individuals smaller than 60 mm SL (vs. small, irregularly shaped and closely set brown blotches often forming a dense mottled pattern on the predorsal back and on flank). Paracobitis abrishamchiani is distinguished from P. zabgawraensis by having a colour pattern of many widely spaced brown spots and blotches in individuals larger than 60 mm SL, organised in a midlateral series of commashaped spots in individuals smaller than 60 mm SL (vs. almost plain brown with a yellowish, narrow reticulate pattern). It is distinguished from P. longicauda, P. rhadinaea and P. vignai by having a roundish posterior narial opening (vs. slit-like) and the scales on the flank present posterior to the dorsal-fin origin, sparsely set on the flank between the dorsal-fin origin and the anal-fin base, densely set on the caudal peduncle (vs. flank fully covered by scales in P. longicauda, the flank without scales in P. vignai). The new species is further distinguished from the other species discussed above (with the exception of P. basharensis) by the position of the dorsal-fin origin, which is usually situated behind a vertical through the pelvicfin origin (vs. in front of the vertical through the pelvic-fin origin). While this is the case in most individuals of P. abrishamchiani, some individuals have the dorsal-fin origin above the pelvic-fin or in front of the pelvic-fin origin. This character is therefore helpful to identify larger series of P. abrishamchiani, but not fully diagnostic for the species. Description. For general appearance see Figs. 3���7; morphometric data are provided in Table 2. Medium sized and elongate species with laterally compressed caudal peduncle. Predorsal profile convex, prepelvic profile straight. Body deepest at about dorsal-fin origin or slightly anterior to it, depth decreasing towards caudal-fin base. No hump at nape, or only a slight hump at nape in some individuals (in population from Tajan River). Greatest body width at pectoral-fin base, body almost uniformly wide until dorsal-fin origin, tapering towards caudal-fin base. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface; slightly depressed, almost conical. Head length 1.5��� 1.8 times in body depth. Snout rounded, its length 0.9���1.0 times in postorbital head length. Eye relatively small, eye diameter 3.1���5.0 times in head depth at eye, 1.6���3.1 times in interorbital width. Eye located on anterior half of head or at mid-head. No suborbital flap or groove in male. Nares rounded, located just anterior to eye. Anterior narial opening developed as a low, pointed, flap-like tube. Posterior naris narrow; nares adjacent, posterior tip of anterior naris reaching to posterior naris when folded down. Mouth small, distinctly arched (Fig. 8). Lips moderately thick, well furrowed. Lower lip interrupted medially (Fig. 8). No median notch in lower jaw. Upper lip without median incision. Processus dentiformis large, blunt (Fig. 8). Maxillary barbel long, reaching to posterior margin of eye or beyond. Outer rostral barbel reaching beyond vertical through posterior nostril, to vertical through anterior eye margin in some individuals. Inner rostral barbel not reaching origin of maxillary barbel. Caudal peduncle 1.6���2.8 times longer than deep (crest not included). Dorsal adipose crest on caudal peduncle welldeveloped, not reaching posterior part of dorsal-fin base, reaching to caudal-fin base. Flank behind dorsal-fin origin covered by minute scales with an eccentric, relatively small focal zone; scales sparsely set on flank between dorsalfin origin and anal-fin base, densely set on caudal peduncle. Lateral line straight, complete, with 77���85 pores, reaching to, or almost to caudal-fin base, pores often irregularly set. One central and one lateral pore in supratemporal canal, 10 pores in anterior infraorbital canal, four pores in posterior infraorbital canal, 8���9 pores in supraorbital canal and 9���11 pores in preoperculo-mandibular canal. No external sexual dimorphism observed. Largest known individual 110 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 6�����7�� branched rays. First unbranched rays deeply hidden in skin. Dorsal-fin origin usually slightly behind vertical through pelvic-fin origin, rarely above or in front. Margin of dorsal fin straight or slightly convex. Dorsal fin reaches to or slightly beyond anterior-most tip of adipose crest when folded backwards. Anal fin with 5�� branched rays. First unbranched rays deeply hidden in skin. Anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Anus about one eye diameter in front of anal-fin origin. Pectoral fin with one simple and 8 (10), 9 (10) or 10 (8) branched rays. Pectoral fin reaching approximately 50���70% of distance from pectoral-fin origin to pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin with one simple and 7 (20) or 8 (8) branched rays. Pelvic fin not reaching anus. A distinct axillary lobe at pelvic-fin base, its posterior part free from body in large individuals, fully attached in small individuals. Caudal fin emarginated (length of middle ray 79���88% of longest branched ray in upper lobe), with 9+8 (7), 9+9 (19) and 10+9 (2) branched rays. Coloration. In preserved individuals, background colour on head and body pale yellow to whitish with brown pattern. Dorsal surface of head pale yellowish with a fine marbled or vermiculate, brown pattern. Cheeks pale yellowish or whitish. Anterior part of flank and back with many pale- or dark-brown blotches and spots, often forming a marmorate pattern. Flank pattern denser and blotches smaller on flank anterior to dorsal-fin base, coarser posterior to dorsal-fin base, pattern extending onto adipose crest. In individuals larger than 60 mm SL, blotches usually small and roundish, irregularly shaped or vertically elongated, some fused to each-other. Blotches usually comma-shaped along lateral midline in smaller individuals, forming a densely set row. Adipose crest with a darkbrown or black margin in few individuals, pale creamy in others. Belly yellowish-beige, in some individuals with little dark-brown dots, small dark-brown dots also around anal-fin base and on caudal peduncle. Lateral line beige, in contrast to colour pattern on mid-lateral flank. A faint brown stripe from eye to snout. A bold and wide darkbrown or black, irregularly shaped bar at caudal-fin base. A bold black or dark-brown blotch at base of unbranched and branched dorsal-fin rays, base of branched rays 2���3 beige and base of rays 4���7 black or dark brown. Darkbrown or black spots or blotches on dorsal-fin rays, membrane hyaline. Caudal-fin rays hyaline with an irregular pattern of dark-brown or black spots and elongated blotches often organised in 1���2 wide, irregularly shaped bars. Anal, pectoral and pelvic fins usually hyaline, with dark-brown spots (anal and pelvic fins without pigmentation in some individuals). Mental lobes of mouth with dark grey pigmentation. Rostral barbel and bases of maxillary barbels with dark brown pigments, maxillary immaculate. Distribution. Paracobitis abrishamchiani is endemic to Iran where it is known from the rivers Tajan, Siah, Talar, Babol, Haraz and Kashpal in the southern Caspian Sea basin. Etymology. The species is named in honour of Mir-Jafar Abrishamchian (1930���2018) and his son Ali Abrishamchian (1954���2007), the great benefactors in Guilan Province, to respect their developmental services in support of the University of Guilan and its students. Notes on habitat and conservation. Paracobitis abrishamchiani was collected in streams with clear water and swift current at 317���566 m altitude (Fig. 9). Similar to its congeners, it was found to be rare at the type locality and other sites. Comparative material. See Freyhof et al. (2014), Esmaeili et al. (2014) and Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2015) for materials of other Paracobitis species examined for this study. New material used in the molecular genetic analysis: Paracobitis atrakensis, FSJF DNA-2759; Iran: Atrak River south of Baba Aman park, 37��28'41.13"N 57��25'58.98"E. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 238762, MK 238763). Paracobitis hircanica, FSJF DNA-1984; Iran: stream flowing to Gorgan River south of Galikesh, 37��14'58.91"N 55��28'54.14"E. (GenBank accession numbers: MK 238764, MK 238765). Paracobitis rhadinaea, FSJF DNA-2486; Iran: Chah-Nimeh reservoir south of Zahak, (GenBank accession number: MK238768, MK238769).��� FSJF DNA-2615; Iran: Chah-Nimeh reservoir about 50 km south of Zabol, 30��48'02.52''N 61��41'14.35''E. (GenBank accession number: MK 238766).��� FSJF DNA-2749; Chah-Nimeh reservoir south of Zahak, 30��50'30.53"N 61��42'22.13"E. (GenBank accession number: MK 238767). Paracobitis zabgawraensis, FSJF DNA-2679; Turkey: stream ��ıratan about 5 km east of G��m��skanat, 38.38463 41.781780. (GenBank accession number: MK 238776).��� FSJF DNA-2640; Iraq: stream Choman at Qubay Galala, 36��36'38"N 44��50'17"E. (GenBank accession number: MK 238775). Paraschistura kessleri, FSJF DNA-2780; Iran: stream Dahizva north of Gaxu, 28��30'49.89"N 61��31'29.77"E. (GenBank accession number: MK 238777). Site-scale records shown in Figure 1. Previous records (based on Esmaeili et al. 2014, Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015): 1: 37��29'37.88"N 57��26'25.63"E; 2: 37��28'41.13"N 57��25'58.98"E; 3: 37��40'38.67"N 56��58'12.17"E; 4: 37��23'28.92"N 55��45'11.86"E; 5: 37��14'59.03"N 55��28'53.87"E; 6: 36��53'0.34"N 54��57'31.68"E; 7: 36��50'47.31"N 54��58'54.15"E. New records: 8: 36��27���28"N 053��07'35"E; 9: 36��11���74"N 053��00'92"E; 10: 36��25'0.22"N 53��1'5.81"E; 11: 36��12���33"N 052��46'16"E; 12: 36�� 8'54.60"N 52��21'42.96"E; 13: 36��28'22.05"N 52�� 5'46.08"E., Published as part of Mousavi-Sabet, Hamed, Vatandoust, Saber, Geiger, Matthias F. & Freyhof, J��rg, 2019, Paracobitis abrishamchiani, a new crested loach from the southern Caspian Sea basin (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), pp. 375-388 in Zootaxa 4545 (3) on pages 377-387, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4545.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2618930, {"references":["Freyhof, J., Esmaeili, H. R., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Geiger, M. (2014) Review of the crested loaches of the genus Paracobitis from Iran and Iraq with the description of four new species (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25, 11 - 38.","https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / nar / gkh 340 Esmaeili, H. R., Mousavi-Sabet, H., Sayyadzadeh, G., Vatandoust, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Paracobitis atrakensis, a new crested loach from northeast Iran (Teleostei: Nemacheiliidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25, 237 - 242."]}

Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, ��zeren & Nalbant, 2008 (Fig. 10) Cobitis evreni Erk'akan, ��zeren & Nalbant, 2008a: 112, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: K��m��r stream, G��ksun, Kahramanmaraş, 38.014 36.508). Material examined. HUIC uncat., 1, 78 mm SL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: stream K��m��r, 38.014 36.508.��� FFR05530, 1, 75 mm SL; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: stream Terb��zek about 2 km south of G��ksun, 38.001 36.598. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. HUIC 299 TK-300TK; Turkey: Kahramanmaraş prov.: stream G��ksun east of G��ksun, at road to Yantepe, 38.024 36.515. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 552911, KJ 553207). Diagnosis. Cobitis evreni is distinguished from C. battalgilae and C. bilseli by the pigmentation in Z4 being fused into a dark-brown stripe reaching from above the pectoral-fin base until the anus or beyond (vs. blotches in Z4 usually vertically elongate or squarish, often dissociated into a band of small irregularly-shaped blotches and spots), lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. often present, absent in some individuals), lacking the black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base (vs. present) and having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one in C. bilseli). It is distinguished from C. elazigensis by Z4 formed by a dark-brown stripe reaching from above the pectoral-fin base until the anus or beyond (vs. Z4 organised by blotches), lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present) and lacking the black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base and lacking the axillary pelvic lobe (vs. present). Distribution. Cobitis evreni seems to have a very restricted range in the middle Ceyhan River drainage where it is found in the streams G��ksun, Savrun and Hamus. Remarks. Molecular data (Fig. 1) place Cobitis evreni not into one of the species groups mentioned before. Molecular data presented by Perdices et al. (2018) place C. evreni into the C. linea species group, at a very basal position. See below for details to distinguish C. evreni from other species in the C. linea species group and from other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin. Cobitis evreni has not been found in the lower Ceyhan, which is inhabited by C. aliyeae described below. Based on DNA barcoding Cobitis evreni is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 7.0% to C. elazigensis, also supported as PTP and mPTP entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Erk'akan, F., Ozeren, S. C. & Nalbant, T. T. (2008) Cobitis evreni sp. Nova-A new spined loach species (Cobitidae) from southern Turkey. Journal of Fisheries International, 3 (4), 112 - 114. [electronic journal]","Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678"]}

Cobitis anabelae, new species (Fig. 36���38) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-98633, 53 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: Karasu River about 4 km south of Kırıkhan, 36.465 36.380. Paratypes. FSJF 2428, 11, 43���82 mm SL; same data as holotype. ��� FSJF 2399, 6, 45���58 mm SL; Turkey: Hatay prov.: Orontes River at Sinanlı, 36.097 36.079.��� FSJF 2674, 3, 55���69 mm SL; Syria: Orontes River north of Ain al Zarqa, 35.944 36.402. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 360; Turkey: Hatay prov.: Karasu River about 4 km south of Kırıkhan, 36.465 36.380. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 4176-18). Diagnosis. Cobiti s anabelae is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from C. levantina by the pigmentation in Z2 formed by small, brown spots, always much smaller than the blotches in Z3, much smaller than the eye or pupil diameter (vs. blotches in Z2 usually �� of size or as large as in Z3, usually both about eye or pupil diameter), Z2 and Z3 well separated from each other (vs. often forming one confluent marbled pattern) and no pigmentation or very few isolated brown spots below Z4 and on lower caudal peduncle (many small, dark-brown spots or blotches on lower part of caudal peduncle, reaching forward to pectoral-fin base in some individuals). Cobitis anabelae is distinguished from C. aliyeae by having usually a series of unregularly shaped, often fused blotches in Z2, large blotches in Z4, usually larger than eye (vs. usually smaller), a shorter preanal distance (75��� 79% SL vs. 80���85), a greater prepelvic length in the female (53���55% SL vs. 56���60) and a longer caudal-peduncle length in the female (15���18% SL vs. 11���14). Cobitis anabelae is distinguished from C. evreni by lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present), having a black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base (vs. absent) and by colour pattern. In C. anabelae, the pigmentation in Z2 and Z4 consists of distinct, roundish, brown blotches on the anterior part of the flank, roundish or vertically elongated and widely separated on the posterior part of the flank, not fused to each other (vs. a dark-brown stripe reaching from above the pectoral-fin base until the vertical of the anus or beyond). Cobitis anabelae is distinguished from C. battalgilae by having always a single row of blotches in Z4, blotches slightly irregularly shaped, roundish or squarish anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, roundish or vertically elongated and widely separated on the posterior part of the flank (vs. blotches in Z4 usually vertically elongate and often dissociated into a band of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots), the axially pelvic lobe or pad absent (vs. present at least in some individuals) and the interorbital distance 7���11% HL in the male (vs. 14���16). Cobitis anabelae is distinguished from C. sipahilerae by having a series of distinct, roundish or squarish, darkbrown blotches in Z4 (vs. blotches in Z4 often fused into a stripe) and 4���6 large, roundish and dark-brown blotches on the back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. back plain cream-brown, except few individuals with 1���3 narrow, squarish, brown bars). Cobitis anabelae is distinguished from C. elazigensis by lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present) and C. anabelae grows to a much smaller size (female up to 80 mm SL vs. 160 mm SL in C. elazigensis). Cobitis anabelae, is distinguished from C. linea by the pigmentation in Z4 consisting of distinct, large, dark-brown blotches, usually horizontally elongated on the anterior body, roundish or vertically elongated on caudal peduncle, not fused (vs. Z4 with very small and roundish or comma-shaped blotches along its whole length, blotches very densely set and often fused into stripes or dissociated into a field of several rows of blotches). Description. See Figures 36���38 for general appearance and Table 4 for morphometric data of the holotype and 9 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.2���1.6 times in body depth. Snout pointed, its length 0.6���0.8 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.2���0.3 times in head depth at eye, 0.9���1.9 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.1���1.7 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe or pad. Margin of dorsal fin convex, margin of anal fin convex. Caudal fin truncate. No dorsal keel, a shallow ventral keel on caudal peduncle, external part of the suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching slightly beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 80 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 7+7 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 7 (5) and 8 (11) branched rays and pelvic fin with 5 branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 3/5 or 4/5 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line absent. Lips (Fig. 54) thin and mental lobes of lower lip short, poorly separate from lower lip, without process. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel rarely reaching vertical of front border of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female (19���21% SL vs. 15���17) and two laminae circularis (vs. none). Colouration. Background colour whitish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid-dorsal and four lateral zones. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting in a series of 7���11 dark-brown, roundish blotches. Pigmentation in Z1 with many spots and blotches, often forming a marbled pattern, pigmented part narrower than in in Z2, reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches. Blotches in Z2 of larger than eye size, usually horizontally elongate, not fused to each other. Pigmentation in Z2 fused with pigmentation in Z1 and Z3 on caudal peduncle in some individuals. Pigmentation in Z3 absent in juveniles, formed by a line or a very narrow band of very small spots in adults. No pigmentation below Z4 except in few individuals having single, very small spots on lower flank. 4���6 predorsal, 2���3 subdorsal and 4���8 postdorsal blotches in Z4, blotches roundish, squarish, irregularly triangular or fused to a short stripe. A single, very small, often indistinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by small spots. A dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 5���8 and dorsal fin with 4���6 dark-brown, very narrow, sometimes irregular set bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins in some individuals. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for Anabel Perdices (Madrid) who dedicated parts of her scientific life to the research on the diversity and phylogeny of the genus Cobitis. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis anabelae is found in the lower reaches of the Orontes River drainage in Turkey and Syria. Remarks. Molecular data place C. anabelae in the C. linea species group (C. aliyeae, C. linea, C. elazigensis, C. erkakanae, C. levantina, Fig. 1). Cobitis anabelae is superficially similar to C. aliyeae from the adjacent Ceyhan and Seyhan River drainages. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 6.6% to C. levantina and 8.7% to C. aliyeae. It is also supported by the PTP approach as distinct entity. Our coverage of COI data is not completely mirrored by Perdices et al. (2018). Perdices et al. (2018) materials of Cobitis levantina is indeed the species described here as C. anabelae. While we have only one COI sequence of C. anabelae, Perdices et al. (2018) analysed the Cytochrome B sequence from the very same individual as we do and they have an additional three sequences of this species, all being very similar, supporting our conclusion based on one sequence only. Cobitis anabelae is found in the lower part of the Orontes River while C. levantina occurs in the upper Orontes. Already Krupp & Moubayed (1992) restrict the range of C. levantina to the upper Orontes, while Krupp (1985) intensively collected fishes also in the lower Orontes, not finding any Cobitis. Erk'akan et al. (1999) are the first to report C. levantina from the Turkish part of the lower Orontes. Cobitis anabelae is well distinguished from C. levantina by molecular characters and by differences in the colour pattern bases on our materials (see remarks on C. levantina above). See below for details to distinguish C. anabelae from other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 48-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678","Krupp, F. & Moubayed, J. (1992) A new species of Cobitis Linnaeus 1758 from the Orontes and Litani drainage basins of Syria and Lebanon (Pisces: Osteichthyes: Cobitidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 72, 13 - 18.","Krupp, F. (1985) Systematik und Zoogeographie der Susswasserfische des levantinischen Grabenbruchsystems und der Ostkuste des Mittelmeers. Dissertation, Johannes Gutenberg Universitat, Mainz, 215 pp."]}

Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015 (Fig. 4) Cobitis avicennae Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Esmaeili, Geiger & Freyhof, 2015: 562, figs. 3���4 (type locality: Iran: Hamedan prov.: Gamasiab River at Dehno, a tributary to Karkhek, 34.170 48.355). Material examined. FSJF 3225, 18, 26���37 mm SL; Iran: Hamedan prov.: Gamasiab River at Solgi Sharak, a tributary to Karkheh, 34.281 48.157.��� FSJF 3231, 10, 31���56 mm SL; Iran: Kermanshah prov.: Sepidbarg River about 3 km west of Javanrud, 34.805 46.458. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1994; Iran: Kermanshah prov.: Sepidbarg River about 3 km west of Javanrud, 34.805 46.458. (GenBank accession numbers: KP 050516, KP 050525).��� FSJF DNA 2712; Iran: Kermanshah prov.: s tream about 1 km south-east of Dinawar, 34.573 47.456. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 2713-18). Diagnosis. Cobitis avicennae is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Persian Gulf basin by having one lamina circularis in the male (vs. two in C. elazigensis and C. linea) and distinct, large, dark-brown, usually horizontally elongated blotches in Z4 along the anterior part of the flank, roundish or vertically elongated on the caudal peduncle (vs. indistinct minute dark-grey roundish dots in Z 4 in C. kellei). Distribution. Cobitis avicennae is found in tributaries of the Karkheh and Karun Rivers, which are lower tributaries of the Tigris in Iran. Cobitis from the Little Zab River in Iraqi Kurdistan (Coad 2010) might also belong to this species. Remarks. Molecular data presented by Perdices et al. (2018) and Mousavi-Sabet et al. (2015) and shown in Figure 1, place C. avicennae close to C. faridpaki and C. saniae from the southern Caspian Sea basin and it might be speculated that its ancestors entered the Persian Gulf basin from the Caspian Sea basin by river captures. See below for details to distinguish C avicennae from C. faridpaki and C. saniae. Our own molecular data as well as Perdices et al. (2018) place C. avicennae in the C. taenia species group (Fig. 1). Based on DNA barcoding C. avicennae is well separated from all other Cobitis included in this study and by a minimum K2P distance of 5.7% to C. faridpaki. It is also supported as an own PTP and mPTP entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Mousavi-Sabet, H., Vatandoust, S., Esmaeili, H. R., Geiger, M. F. & Freyhof, J. (2015) Cobitis avicennae, a new species of spined loach from the Tigris River drainage (Teleostei: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 3914 (5), 558 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3914.5.4","Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678"]}

Cobitis afifeae, new species (Fig. 30���32) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-99950, 67 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: B��y��k Menderes River at Cindere about 9 km south of G��ney, 38.083 29.014. Paratypes. FSJF 3022, 11, 55���81 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 1874, 13, 52���86 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: spring running to Lake Işıklı at Işıklı, 38.321 29.851.��� FSJF 2315, 1, 59��� 59 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın, prov.: tributary to stream ��ine about 5 km west of ��ine, 37.599 28.007 ��� FSJF 2535, 6, 58���71 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream west of Kızıllı and northwest of Dinar, 38.123 30.095.��� FSJF 2832, 1, 56��� 44 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Eski��ine, 37.543 28.063.��� FSJF 3046, 2, 60���72 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream K��f�� near to Saltık about 2 km west of Sandıklı, 38.483 30.073.��� FSJF 3080, 13, 38���74 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream Karadirek at Başağa�� 15 km north of Sandıklı, 38.579 30.201.��� FSJF 3085, 1, 89 mm SL; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream Karadirek at Karadirek 9 km north of Sandıklı, 38.553 30.196.��� FSJF 3716, 2, 60���71 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: B��y��k Menderes at Yenicekent DSİ pomps, between Yenicekent and Mahmutlu, 38.037 28.964.��� FSJF 3708, 1, 60 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: Ak��ay River 10 km south of Nazilli, 37.810 28.315. Non-type materials. HUIC uncat., paratypes of C. v. kurui, 4, 40��� 46 mm SL; Turkey: Aydın prov.: Saplık bridge. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 977; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream ��ine south of Eski��ine, 37.543 28.063. (GenBank accession number: KJ 553162).��� FSJF DNA- 1513; Turkey: Denizli prov.: B��y��k Menderes River at Cindere, 9 km south of G��ney, 38.083 29.014. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553126, KJ552870, KJ 552978).��� FSJF DNA- 1520; Turkey: Afyon prov.: stream Karadirek at Başağa��, 10 km north of Sandıklı, 38.579 30.201. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553164, KJ 553029).��� FSJF DNA- 2828; Turkey: Denizli prov.: River B��y��k Menderes at Yenicekent DSİ pomps, between Yenicekent and Mahmutlu, 38.037 28.963. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 2724-18).��� FSJF DNA- 2841; Turkey: Aydın prov.: Ak��ay River 10 km south of Nazilli, 37.809 28.315. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 2732-18).��� FSJF DNA- 2914; Turkey: Aydın prov.: stream Ak��ay at Bogazyunt, 37.750 28.339. (GenBank accession number: MH 795332, MH 795333, MH 795334). Diagnosis. Cobiti s afifeae is distinguished from the other Cobitis species in the eastern Aegean Sea basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from C. dorademiri by having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.6���0.9 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 1.0���1.2) and the pigmentation below Z4 usually present along the complete flank (vs. pigmentation below Z4 absent or restricted to a short line or few dots below the pectoral fin and on the caudal peduncle). Cobiti s afifeae is distinguished from C. phrygica by having a small, roundish or comma-shaped black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. absent), elevated mental lobes, well-separated from the lower lip and usually produced into a short, barbel-like process (vs. mental lobe often indistinct from lower lip, rarely separated, not forming a barbel-like process), a bifurcate external part of the suborbital spine (vs. simple), a shorter prepelvic length (52���58% SL vs. 57���61), a greater caudal-peduncle length in the male (13���16% SL vs. 11���13) and a deeper caudal-peduncle depth in the female (10���12% SL vs. 9���10). It is distinguished from C. strumicae by having one, very small black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. two, large) and the flank below Z4 usually pigmented along its complete length (vs. no pigmentation below Z4). Cobiti s afifeae is distinguished from C. punctilineata by having a very small black spot at the upper caudal-fin base, smaller than pupil (vs. about size of pupil), Z2���4 usually well-distinguished above the anal-fin base (vs. usually fused in one mottled pattern) and blotches in Z4 often irregularly shaped, fused to each other (vs. usually roundish, well distinguished). Cobiti s afifeae occurs in sympatry and often in syntopy with C. fahireae. It is distinguished from this species by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one) and the pigmentation below Z4 usually present along the complete flank (vs. pigmentation below Z4 absent). Description. See Figures 30���32 for general appearance and Table 2 for morphometric data of the holotype and 19 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile convex, head length 1.0���1.5 times in body depth. Snout blunt, its length 0.7���0.8 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.2���0.4 times in head depth at eye, 0.2���1.7 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.1��� 1.6 times longer than deep. Pelvic axillary lobe present or absent. Margin of dorsal fin convex, margin of anal fin convex or straight. Caudal fin truncate or slightly rounded. A shallow dorsal and ventral keel on caudal peduncle. Suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 89 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� (10)���7�� (10) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (20) branched rays. Caudal fin with 7+7 branched rays, 7+ 6 in one individual. Pectoral fin with 7 (2), 8 (15) and 9 (3) branched rays and pelvic fin with 5 (17) and 6 (3) branched rays. Body covered by embedded scales, except on breast and belly. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 1/4 or 1/5 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line short, with 2���7 pores. Lips (Fig. 54) moderately thin, mental lobes of lower lip short, well separated from lower lip by a deep fold, produced into a short barbel-like process in most individuals. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of space between nare and eye or to front border or middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female (15���22% SL vs. 13���15) and two laminae circularis (vs. no). Colouration. Background colour yellowish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern formed by one mid-dorsal and four lateral zones, pigmentation below fourth zone usually present. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting in a series of 11���14 roundish or squarish blotches, regularly shaped. Z1 with many, small spots, vermiculation or irregularly shaped blotches, about as wide as Z2, not reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches. Z2 with spots of about �����1 eye size, usually fused, forming a stripe. Zone Z2 usually present until caudal peduncle, reaching to vertical of dorsal-fin base in few individuals. Z3 formed by many, small spots confluent with Z1 and Z2 on caudal peduncle in many individuals. Z4 formed by many, small, usually vertically elongated blotches, irregularly shaped and often fused into a stripe or a band of blotches. Pigmentation below Z4 usually present, formed by few small spots, dusty fields of pigmentation, bands of small spots or medium-sized or large blotches. A single, small, sometimes very indistinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by large spots. A darkbrown stripe from eye to snout usually present. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 6���8 and dorsal fin with 5���8 dark, sometimes irregular bars. Few dark-brown spots on paired fins. Barbels whitish or brown. Etymology. Named for Afife Jale (1902���1941) a stage actress, best known as the first Muslim theatre actress in Turkey. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobiti s afifeae is distributed in the K������k Menderes and B��y��k Menderes River drainages including the Işıklı Lake basin and the stream Karadirek, which flows underground to Işıklı Lake. Remarks. The molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. afifeae close to C. strumicae and C. punctilineata. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 7.9% to C. punctilineata. It is also supported by the PTP approach as one and by the mPTP delimitation as two entities., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Cobitis aliyeae, new species (Fig. 33���35) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-97840, 46 mm SL; Turkey: Adana prov.: Seyhan River below water regulation doors at Y��reyir, south of Adana, 36.975 35.335. Paratypes. FSJF 2427, 26, 34���65 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 2969, 1, 65 mm SL; Turkey: Osmaniye prov.: a tributary to Ceyhan River between Tecirli and Kadirli, about 1 km north of Ko��yurdu, 37.221 36.047. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-289; Turkey: Adana prov.: Seyhan River below water regulation doors at Y��reyir, south of Adana, 36.975 35.335. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553232, KJ553236, KJ 552923).��� FSJF DNA-1465; Turkey: Osmaniye prov.: a tributary to Ceyhan River, between Tecirli and Kadirli, about 1 km north of Ko��yurdu, 37.221 36.047. (GenBank accession number: MH 795335). Diagnosis. Cobiti s aliyeae is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from C. levantina by the blotches in Z2 and Z4, anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, being almost always well separated from each other (vs. blotches in Z2 usually fused to adjacent blotches, fused into an irregularly shaped stripe in some individuals or forming a mottled band of irregularly shaped, small blotches and spots; Z4 fused into a stripe in few individuals) and pigmentation in Z1 always well distinguished from pigmentation in Z2 (vs. Z1 and Z2 usually fused into a mottled pattern). Cobitis aliyeae is distinguished from C. evreni from the upper Ceyhan River drainage by lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present), having a black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base (vs. absent) and by colour pattern. In C. aliyeae, the pigmentation in Z4 consists of distinct, small and roundish, brown blotches on the anterior part of the flank, roundish or vertically elongated and widely separated on the posterior part of the flank, not fused (or partly fused in Z2) to each other (vs. a dark-brown stripe reaching from above the pectoral-fin base until the vertical of the anus or beyond) and the blotches in Z2 being usually horizontally elongated and often fused to each other forming short stripes (vs. Z2 formed by one continuous stripe). Cobitis aliyeae is distinguished from C. battalgilae by the blotches in Z4 being slightly irregularly shaped, roundish or squarish anterior to the dorsal-fin origin, roundish or vertically elongated and widely separated on the posterior part of the flank (vs. blotches in Z4 usually vertically elongate and often dissociated into a band of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots), the snout being longer than the distance between the tip of the anal fin and the end of the hypural complex (vs. as long or shorter), a greater predorsal and prepelvic distance (54���58% SL vs. 51���54 in predorsal length; 56���60% SL vs. 54���56 in prepelvic length) and a shorter caudal-peduncle length in the female (11���14% SL vs. 15���16). Cobitis aliyeae is distinguished from C. sipahilerae by having a series of distinct, roundish or squarish, darkbrown blotches in Z4 (vs. blotches in Z4 often fused into a stripe) and 3���7 large, roundish and dark-brown blotches on the back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. back plain cream-brown, except few individuals with 1���3 narrow, squarish, brown bars). Cobitis aliyeae is distinguished from C. elazigensis by lacking the pelvic axillary lobe (vs. present) and C. aliyeae grows to a much smaller size (female up to 65 mm SL vs. 160 mm SL in C. elazigensis). It is distinguished from C. linea by the pigmentation in Z4 consisting of distinct, large, dark-brown blotches, usually horizontally elongated on the anterior body, roundish or vertically elongated on the caudal peduncle, not fused (vs. Z4 with very small and roundish or comma-shaped blotches along its whole length, blotches very densely set and often fused into stripes or dissociated into a field of several rows of blotches). Description. See Figures 33���35 for general appearance and Table 3 for morphometric data of the holotype and 14 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.2���1.4 times in body depth. Snout pointed, its length 0.7���0.9 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.2���0.4 times in head depth at eye, 0.9���1.9 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 0.9���1.4 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe or pad. Margin of dorsal fin convex, margin of anal fin convex. Caudal fin truncate. No dorsal keel, a shallow ventral keel on caudal peduncle, external part of the suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching slightly beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 65 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� (19) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched 5�� (17) and 6�� (2) branched rays. Caudal fin with 7+7 branched rays. Pectoral fin with 7 (6), 8 (11) and 9 (2) branched rays and pelvic fin with 5 branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 3/5 or 4/5 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line absent. Lips (Fig. 54) thin and mental lobes of lower lip short, poorly separate from lower lip, without process. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel rarely reaching vertical of front border of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female (19���21% SL vs. 14���19) and two laminae circularis (vs. no). Colouration. Background colour whitish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid-dorsal and four lateral zones. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting in a series of 10���14 dark-brown, roundish blotches. Pigmentation in Z1 well visible, with many, very small spots, pigmented part wider than in in Z2, not reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches, pigmentation in Z2 and Z3 fused on caudal peduncle. Spots in Z2 of about eye size, usually roundish or horizontally elongate, not fused to each other. Pigmentation in Z2 fused with pigmentation in Z1 and Z3 on caudal peduncle in some individuals. Pigmentation in Z3 absent in juveniles, formed by a line or a very narrow band of very small spots in adults. 4���8 predorsal, 2���3 subdorsal and 4���7 postdorsal blotches in Z4, blotches roundish, squarish, irregularly triangular or widely comma-shaped. A single, very small, often indistinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by small spots. A dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 6���9 and dorsal fin with 7���9 dark-brown, very narrow, sometimes irregular set bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins in some individuals. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for Fatma Aliye Topuz (1862 ��� 1936), an important early Turkish novelist, columnist, essayist, women���s rights activist and humanitarian. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis aliyeae is found in the lower reaches of the Seyhan and Ceyhan River drainages. Remarks. Molecular data place C. aliyeae in the C. linea species group (C. linea, C. anabelae, C. elazigensis, C. erkakanae, C. evreni, C. levantina, Fig. 1). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 6.3% to C. erkakanae. It is also supported by the PTP approach as distinct entity. See below for details to distinguish C. aliyeae from other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 45-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Cobitis erkakanae, new species (Fig. 42���44) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-98958, 49 mm SL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: river connecting Lakes G��lbaşı and Azaplı west of G��lbaşı, 37.790 37.626. Paratypes. FSJF 2510, 16, 34���65 mm SL; same data as holotype. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-982; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: river connecting Lakes G��lbaşı and Azaplı west of G��lbaşı, 37.790 37.626. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 552949, KJ552977, KJ 553235). Diagnosis. Cobitis erkakanae is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Anatolian Mediterranean basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from C. evreni from the adjacent Ceyhan River drainage by having a small, roundish or comma-shaped black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. absent) and the blotches in Z2 and Z4 being well separated, horizontally elongate and often fused to adjacent once but not forming a stripe (vs. Z2 and Z4 formed by one continuous stripe on the anterior flank). Cobitis erkakanae is distinguished from C. aliyeae, C. anabelae and C. levantina by having horizontally elongated blotches in Z2 and Z4, often fused to adjacent once, (vs. blotches in Z2 and Z4 usually well distinct from each other, roundish, or squarish, not elongate), a yellow background colour (vs. silvery or whitish), pigmentation in Z1 well separated from Z2 along its complete length (vs. Z1 and Z2 usually fused into a mottled pattern in C. levantina), the flank yellowish in life (vs. silvery greyish) and the caudal fin with 4���6 wide, regularlyshaped bands (vs. many, very narrow and irregularly-shaped bands in C. aliyeae, C. anabelae and C. levantina). Cobitis erkakanae is distinguished from C. battalgilae and C. phrygica by having one series of horizontally elongate blotches in Z4 (vs. blotches in Z4 usually roundish, squarish or vertically elongate, often very densely set, dissociated in many individuals, especially in C. phrygica, forming a wide band or field of small, irregularlyshaped blotches and spots), usually lacking flank pigmentation below Z4 (vs. present in most C. phrygica and in some C. battalgilae), having a small, roundish or comma-shaped black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. absent in C. phrygica), a bifurcate suborbital spine (vs. simple in C. phrygica), a greater prepelvic (57���61% SL vs. 54���56 in C. battalgilae), preanal distance (82���85% SL vs. 74���80) and a narrower dorsal-fin depth (16���19% SL vs. 21���22 in C. battalgilae; 19���21 in C. phrygica). Cobitis erkakanae is distinguished from C sipahilerae by having 3���5 brown, large and roundish blotches on the back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. back plain cream-brown, except few individuals with 1���3 narrow, squarish, brown bars) and a series of distinct blotches in Z4 (vs. a dark-brown stripe in Z4 reaching from above the pectoral-fin base until the dorsal-fin base or beyond). It is distinguished from C. linea by having large, well separated, usually horizontally elongate blotches in Z4, often fused to each other (vs. very small and roundish or comma-shaped, very densely set, often fused into stripes or dissociated into a field of several rows of blotches). Cobitis erkakanae is distinguished from C. elazigensis by the blotches in Z2 and Z4 being usually horizontally elongate and often fused to each other forming short stripes (vs. blotches in Z2 and Z4 roundish, very widely spaced and not fused to each other), 3���5 dark-brown blotches on the back anterior to the dorsal fin-origin (vs. 5���9) and being much smaller, no female was found to be larger than 83 mm SL (vs. female growing up to 160 mm SL in C. elazigensis). Description. See Figures 42���44 for general appearance and Table 6 for morphometric data of the holotype and 16 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.2���1.6 times in body depth. Snout pointed, its length 0.7���0.9 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.3 times in head depth at eye, 1.4���2.2 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.0���1.5 times longer than deep Pelvic axillary lobe present or absent. Margin of dorsal and anal fins convex. Caudal fin truncate or slightly rounded. A shallow dorsal and ventral keel on caudal peduncle. External part of the suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching slightly beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 67 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� (15) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (14) and 6�� (1) branched rays. Caudal fin with 6+6 branched rays in the one male, 7+ 7 in other males, 8+ 7 in the two females. Pectoral fin with 7 (1), 8 (10), 9 (3) and 10 (1) branched rays and pelvic fin with 4 (1) and 5 (14) branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about less than 1/3 or 1/5 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line short, with 5���9 pores or absent. Lips (Fig. 54) thin and mental lobes of lower lip long, usually well separated from lower lip, produced into a short barbel-like process in few individuals. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of front border or middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female (17���20% SL vs. 13���17) and two laminae circularis (vs. absent). Colouration. Background colour yellowish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one middorsal and four lateral zones. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting in a series of 9���12, elongate blotches, often very closely set or slightly fused. Pigmentation in Z1 well developed, with many very small to medium sized spots narrower than Z2, not reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches, fused with Z2 on postdorsal flank. Spots in Z2 about eye size or larger, often fused to adjacent spots, fused to short stripes in two males. Spots in Z2 usually well distinguished until caudal peduncle. Pigmentation in Z4 formed by 3���6 predorsal, 1���2 subdorsal and 5���9 postdorsal blotches, blotches elongate, anterior most and posterior most blotches often roundish. A single, usually indistinct black spot at upper caudal-fin base, less than eye diameter. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by large spots. A dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 4���7 and dorsal fin with 4���6 dark-brown, sometimes irregular shaped bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for F��sun Erk���akan (Ankara) for her contribution to the exploration of the species diversity of Cobitis. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis erkakanae has only been found at one place in the G��lbaşı lakes basin. Remarks. The finding of a third species of Cobitis in the Ceyhan River drainage is an unusual situation. All three species occur in allopatry within the Ceyhan River drainage but we are not aware of a biogeographic background explaining, why the G��lbaşı lakes have an own fish fauna, isolated from the Ceyhan River. Not only C. erkakanae is (likely to be) endemic to the G��lbaşı lakes, Geiger et al. (2014) also show molecular data indication that the populations of A. mento and Pseudophoxinus zekayi are isolated from those in the Ceyhan. While the water from the G��lbşı lakes flows to the Ceyhan today, we postulate, that this was an endorheic basin for a while and was connected only recently to the Ceyhan. Molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. erkakanae in the C. linea species group (C. linea, C. aliyeae, C. anabelae, C. elazigensis, and C. levantina). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 5.5% to C. elazigensis. It is also supported by the PTP approach as distinct entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 55-58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257"]}

Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017 (Fig. 21) Cobitis saniae Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Jalili, Sayyadzadeh & Esmaeili, 2017: 51, figs. 4���5 (type locality: Iran: Guilan prov.: Bara Goor River, a tributary of Sefid River, near Emamzadeh Hashem, Caspian Sea Basin, 37.003 49.630). Material examined. FSJF 3215, 47, 31���71 mm SL; Iran: Guilan prov.: Lower Sefid River below dam at Shar Bijar, 37.020 49.631.��� FSJF 3612, 7, 31���77 mm SL; Georgia: Tskhenitskale River upstream from Samtredia, 42.169 42.431.��� FFR05500, 1, 45 mm SL; Turkey: Kars prov.: stream Selim, 40.466 42.777.��� FFR05500, 2, 47��� 49 mm SL; Turkey: Kars prov.: stream Kars at ��am��avuş bridge, 40.723 43.170. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1978, Iran: Guilan prov.: Lower Sefid River below dam at Shar Bijar, 37.020, 49.631. (Accession number: KP 050528).��� FSJF DNA-2713; Iran: Cheshmeh Kileh River about 3 km southwest of Qaleh Gardan, 36.740 50.843. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 2714-18).��� FSJF DNA-2720; Iran: Anzali wetland west of Bandar Anzali, 37.467 49.353. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF2720- 18).��� FSJF DNA-2922; Armenia: Aghstev River between Sevkar and Ditavan, 40.987 45.189. (BOLD accession number: MH 795369). Diagnosis. Cobitis saniae is distinguished from all other Cobitis species in the Caspian and Black Sea basin by having the base of the single lamina circularis widely connected to the pectoral-fin ray (vs. narrow connection). It is further distinguished from C. amphilekta by having a small focal zone in the sub-dorsal scales (about 1/10 or less of the maximum scale diameter vs. focal zone large, about 1/2 of the maximum scale diameter). Cobitis saniae is further distinguished from C. faridpaki by the zone between the eye and the opercle being strongly pigmented (vs. poorly pigmented or unpigmented) and it is further distinguished from C. avicennae from the Tigris River drainage by having a narrow, dorsal and ventral adipose crest on the caudal peduncle (vs. absent). Distribution. Cobitis saniae occurs from the Sefid River in Iran north-west to the Kura and Aras River drainages in Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkey. We also found it in the middle Rioni River in the Georgian Black Sea basin (FSJF 3612). Remarks. Molecular data (Fig. 1) as well as those shown by Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. (2017) and Perdices et al. (2018), place C. saniae in the C. taenia species group close to C. avicennae and C. faridpaki. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 2.7% to C. faridpaki. It is further supported as a PTP and mPTP entity. In the north of its range, C. saniae and C. amphilekta might occur in sympatry as both occur in the lower Kura and adjacent coastal wetland., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Jouladeh-Roudbar, A., Eagderi, S., Sayyadzadeh, G. & Esmaeili, H. R. (2017) Cobitis keyvani, a junior synonym of Cobitis faridpaki (Teleostei: Cobitidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (1), 118 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4244.1.6","Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678"]}

Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmek��i & Nalbant, 1998 (Fig. 15) Cobitis kellei Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmek��i & Nalbant, 1998: 10, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Tigris drainage: G��ksu stream, ��ınar, Diyarbakir). Material examined. None Material used in molecular genetic analysis. None Diagnosis. Cobitis kellei is distinguished from C. avicennae from the Iranian Tigris drainage by having one row of indistinct, minute, roundish, dark-grey dots in Z4 (vs. distinct, large dark-brown blotches in Z4, usually horizontally elongated on the anterior body, roundish or vertically elongated on caudal peduncle) and from C. elazigensis from the Euphrates drainage by having one lamina circularis in the male (vs. two). Distribution. Cobitis kellei has only been found once in the stream G��ksu in the upper Tigris drainage. Remarks. Cobitis kellei was found only once, in 1974, but has not been found since, despite intensive research in the area (E. ��nl�� pers. comm. 2014, C. Kaya pers. comm. 2018, own field data). The stream G��ksu has been dammed in its lower part, but its middle and upper part are in a good ecological status with clear water and many fish. It remains unclear why C. kellei has not been found again in the stream G��ksu or elsewhere., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Erk'akan, F., Atalay-Ekmekci, F. G. & Nalbant, T. T. (1998) Four new species and one new subspecies of the genus Cobitis (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Cobitidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 22, 9 - 15."]}

Cobitis troasensis, new species (Fig. 51���53) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-098603, 50 mm SL; Turkey: ��anakkale prov.: stream Tuzla about 1 km south of Ayvacık, 39.596 26.438. Paratypes. FSJF 2383, 8, 43���76 mm SL; same data as holotype���FSJF 2317, 2, 59���60 mm SL; Turkey: ��anakkale prov.: stream Tuzla about 1 km north of Behramkale, 39.498 26.333.���FFR 0 5529, 1, 65 mm SL; Turkey: ��anakkale prov.: stream Tuzla about 1 km south of Ayvacık, 39.586 26.417. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. None Diagnosis. Cobitis troasensis is distinguished from C. fahireae by having 11���15 small, irregularly commashaped blotches in Z4 anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. 6���8 large, roundish, triangular, squarish, or horizontally elongate, often very densely set and fused to each other). In C. troasensis, the blotches in Z2 are usually fused into a stripe reaching to the vertical or the anus, fused with the pigmentation in Z1 and Z3 on the caudal peduncle into a mottled pattern (vs. blotches in Z2 usually well separate) and the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base is small and usually roundish (vs. absent in many populations of C. fahireae). Cobitis troasensis is distinguished from C. emrei, C. elongatoides, C. pontica, C. splendens and C. tanaitica by having 11���15 small, comma-shaped blotches in Z4 along the flank anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. 5���7 horizontally elongate, often very densely set and fused into short or longer stripes in C. emrei, well separate and irregularly roundish or squarish in C. splendens, vertically elongate or roundish and well separated in C. elongatoides, C. pontica and C. tanaitica) and the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base smaller or equal to the eye diameter (vs. larger than the eye diameter in C. elongatoides, C. pontica, C. emrei, C. splendens and C. tanaitica). Cobitis troasensis is further distinguished from C. emrei by having a more slender body (body width 8���9% SL vs. 9���11 in the male; 7���10% SL vs. 10���12 in the female) and a greater head length in the male (21% SL vs. 21���24). It is further distinguished from C. splendens and C. tanaitica by the pigmentation in Z3 reaching to the caudal peduncle in the male (vs. Z3 reduced to about head length in C. splendens, Z3 usually reaching to the dorsal-fin base in C. tanaitica) and Z3 wider than Z 2 in the male (vs. usually Z3 narrower than Z2). Cobitis troasensis is distinguished from C. puncticulata by lacking the pigmentation on the flank below Z4 (vs. pigmented) and having a pale yellowish or whitish background coloration (vs. brownish). Cobitis troasensis is distinguished from C. afifeae, C. dorademiri, C. phrygica and C. strumicae by having one laminae circularis in the males (vs. two). Description. See Figures 51���53 for general appearance and Table 9 for morphometric data of the holotype and 11 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.0���1.4 times in body depth. Snout pointed, its length 0.6���0.9 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.2���0.4 times in head depth at eye, 1.3���2.7 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.2���1.7 times longer than deep. Pelvic axillary lobe present. Margin of dorsal and anal fins convex. Caudal fin truncate. Very shallow ventral keel on caudal peduncle. External part of the suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching slightly beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 76 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� (12) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (11) and 6�� (1) branched rays. Caudal fin with 7+7 branched rays in the 5 males and 4 females, 7+ 8 in the 2 females and 8+ 8 in the one female. Pectoral fin with 7 (4) and 8 (8) branched rays and pelvic fin with 5 (1) and 6 (11) branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal area in subdorsal scales about 1/2 or 1/3 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line short, with 4���6, pores reaching to anterior part of pectoral fin. Lips (Fig. 54) thin, mental lobes of lower lip short, usually well separated, not produced into a barbel-like process. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of front border or middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral fin (18���24% SL vs. 14���16) and one lamina circularis (vs. absent). Colouration. Body whitish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid-dorsal and four lateral zones. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consists of a series of 16���20 roundish blotches in few and a marbled pattern on mid-dorsal back in most individuals. Many, very small spots in Z1, Z1 as wide as or wider than Z2, pigmentation not reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches, reaching to dorsal-fin base, pigmentation in Z1 fused with pigmentation in Z2 and Z3 on postdorsal flank. Spots in Z2 of about �����1 pupil size, very densely set, usually fused into a stripe anterior to dorsal-fin base. Pigmentation in Z2 reaching to anus in some individuals, reaching to caudal peduncle in other individuals. Few, very small spots in Z3 along predorsal flank in most male, many small spots in female, Z3 much wider than Z 2. 11���15 predorsal, 3���4 subdorsal and 10���17 postdorsal blotches in Z4, blotches small, irregularly comma-shaped anterior to anal-fin origin, larger, more squarish or roundish on caudal peduncle. A single black spot at upper caudal-fin base, distinct, smaller than eye size. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by small spots. A dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 4���8 and dorsal fin with 4���5 dark, sometimes irregular shaped bars. No pigmentation on paired fins. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for Alexandria Troas, an ancient Greek city located southeast of the modern village Dalyan in the ��anakkale Province. An adjective. Distribution. Known only from the Tuzla River. The Tuzla River is flowing to the northernmost Aegean Sea in Turkey, just at the entrance of the Dardanelles. Remarks. No molecular data are available from C. troasensis but we expect this species to belong to the C. taenia species group, as it has only one scale-shaped lamina canestini in the male (vs. two in other species groups in the area). Cobitis troasensis might be endemic to the Tuzla River. Tuzla River is also inhabited by Squalius aristotelis, a second species described as being endemic to the Tuzla River by ��zuluğ & Freyhof (2011). Future studies should investigate the fish fauna of Tuzla River and adjacent rivers more in detail not only to better understand the biogeographic relationships of fish species inhabiting this river, but also to find out, if C. troasensis (and S. aristotelis) are indeed endemic to this small area., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 65-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Ozulug, M. & Freyhof, J. (2011) Revision of the genus Squalius in western and central Anatolia, with description of four new species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 22, 107 - 148."]}

Cobitis emrei, new species (Fig. 39���41) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-099187, 56 mm SL; Turkey: Adapazarı (Sakarya) prov.: stream Kurtk��y flowing to Lake Sapanca at Kurtk��y, 40.713 30.175. Paratypes. FSJF 1960, 10, 48���77 mm SL; same data as holotype. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 173; Turkey: Adapazarı (Sakarya) prov.: stream Kurtk��y flowing to Lake Sapanca at Kurtk��y, 40.712 30.175. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553154, KJ 553118). Diagnosis. Cobitis emrei is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Black Sea basins by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is distinguished from C. splendens by the pigmentation in Z3 reaching to between the nape and the vertical of the dorsal-fin origin or even to the caudal peduncle in the males (vs. Z3 reduced to about head length), the pigmentation in Z3 usually wider than zone Z2 (vs. narrower or of equal width), the blotches in Z4 being horizontally elongate, often very densely set and fused into short or longer stripes in the male and some female (vs. Z4 anterior to dorsal-fin origin, irregularly roundish or squarish, well separate, very rarely fused into a stripe) and the back with 7���11 dark-brown large, roundish or squarish blotches, in one individual examined, blotches fused (vs. a marmorate pattern on the back or the blotches very indistinct from each other and irregularly shaped). Cobitis emrei is distinguished from C. taenia, C. pontica and C. elongatoides by having horizontally elongate blotches in Z4 often very densely set and fused into short or longer stripes in the male and some female (vs. blotches vertically elongate, roundish, triangular or squarish, not fused), the focal zone in the subdorsal scales small, about �� or less than 1/3 of the maximum scale diameter (vs. large about 1/3 or more in C. taenia) and the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base roundish or ovoid, larger than the eye diameter in the male (vs. usually comma-shaped, smaller than the eye diameter in the male and female C. taenia) and Z3 fully covered by very small spots forming a sand-like pattern in the female (vs. pigmentation in Z3 not sand-like in C. taenia and C. pontica). Cobitis emrei is distinguished from C. tanaitica by the pigmentation in Z3 reaching to between the nape and the vertical of the dorsal-fin origin or even to the caudal peduncle in the males (vs. Z3 usually reaching to a point anterior to the dorsal-fin base), the blotches in Z4 being horizontally elongate, often very densely set and fused into short or longer stripes in the males (vs. vertically elongate, not fused) and Z3 wider than Z2 (vs. usually Z3 narrower Z2). Cobitis emrei is distinguished from C. fahireae from the Aegean Sea basin by having a large, roundish or ovoid black spot at the upper caudal-fin base, larger than eye diameter in the males (vs. usually comma-shaped, smaller than eye diameter in the male and female or spot absent). It is distinguished from C. afifeae, C. dorademiri, C. phrygica, C. puncticulata and C. simplicispina by having one laminae circularis in the males (vs. two). Cobitis emrei is distinguished from C. saniae by having the base of the lamina circularis narrowly attached to the pectoralfin ray (vs. widely connected). Description. See Figures 49���51 for general appearance and Table 5 for morphometric data of the holotype and the 10 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.1 ��� 1.4 times in body depth. Snout oblong or pointed, its length 0.6 ��� 0.8 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0 2 ��� 0 4 times in head depth at eye, 1.0 ��� 2.0 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.0 ��� 1.6 times longer than deep. Pelvic axillary lobe present or absent. Margin of dorsal fin convex and margin of anal fin convex. Caudal fin truncate or slightly rounded. No dorsal keel on caudal peduncle and a shallow ventral keel on caudal peduncle. External part of the suborbital spine bifurcate, reaching to or slightly beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 77 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 6�� (4) and 7�� (7) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Caudal fin with 6+5 branched rays in the male, 7+7 branched rays in the 5 males, 7+ 6 in the female and 7+ 7 in the 4 females. Pectoral fin with 8 (9) and 9 (2) branched rays and pelvic fin with 6 (10) and 5 (1) branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 1/4 or less than 1/3 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line short, with 3���6 pores or an open slit in skin along lateral line. Lips (Fig. 54) thin and mental lobes of lower lip short, usually well separated from lower lip, rarely produced into a short barbel-like process. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to beyond vertical of nostril or corner of eye. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of front border or usually middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Males have a longer pectoral fin than females (21 ��� 23% SL vs. 13 ��� 16) and one lamina circularis (vs. absent). Colouration. Background colour whitish with dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid-dorsal and four lateral zones. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consist of a series of 14���20, roundish blotches, often irregularlyshaped blotches, forming a marbled pattern, fused into short or long dark-brown stripes in few individuals. Zone Z1 fully covered by very small spots forming a sand-like pattern, as wide as or wider than Z2, reaching on predorsal body to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches, fused with Z2 and Z3 on postdorsal flank. Zone Z2 with elongate blotches larger than eye, usually fused on anterior part of flank in male, especially on flank anterior to dorsal-fin origin. Zone Z3 fully covered by very small spots forming a sand-like pattern, confluent with zone Z1 and Z2 on postdorsal flank, much wider than Z2. Pigmentation in Zone Z4 with 5���7 predorsal, 2���3 subdorsal and 5���8 postdorsal blotches, blotches elongate, usually much longer than wide, often confluent and forming short stripes. A single, distinct, eye sized, black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by large spots or short vermiculation. A dark-brown stripe from eye to snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 5���7 and dorsal fin with 5���8 dark, sometimes irregularly-shaped bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for Yunus Emre (about 1238���1320) the folk poet, philosopher and Sufi mystic who is the pioneer of Turkish poetry in Anatolia. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis emrei has been only identified from the Lake Sapanca basin in Turkey. Remarks. Erk'akan et al. (1999) identified this species as C. vardarensis, which is widespread in the river of the European Aegean Sea basin. Our molecular data clearly reject this hypothesis. While C. vardarensis and C. emrei, both belong to the C. taenia species group, they are not closely related. Erk'akan et al. (1998) report C. vardarensis also from the lower Sakarya River drainage, but we did not find Cobitis in the lower Sakarya, and suspect that these populations might be identified as C. emrei. Cobitis emrei seems to be closer to C. elongatoides from the Danube and Elbe drainages, C. pontica from the rivers south of the Danube in Bulgaria and Thrace and C. tanaitica from the northern Black Sea basin. Cobitis emrei is superficially very similar to C. elongatoides and is distinguished by small details in the colour pattern only. Both species are well distinguished by molecular characters and might represent almost real cryptic species. Based on DNA barcoding C. emrei is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 2.5% to C. tanaitica, which is its closest relative. It is also supported by the PTP approach as distinct entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Cobitis satunini Gladkov, 1935 (Fig. 22) Cobitis taenia satunini Gladkov, 1935: 73 (type locality: Georgia: Kintrich River [entering Black Sea at 41.803, 41.769]). Material examined. FSJF 3559, 5, 35���78 mm SL; Georgia: Rioni River delta, southern branch, 42.180 41.646.��� FSJF 3583, 1, 81 mm SL; Georgia: Urduni River at Ul'yanka, 41.948 41.937.��� FSJF 3597, 1, 85 mm SL; Georgia: Chakhota River at Natanebi, 42.933 41.836.��� FSJF 2372, 3, 68���93 mm SL; Turkey: Artvin prov.: stream Hopa at Hopa, 41.390 41.429. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. ZFMK ICH-TIS-NB186 and NB199, Georgia: Rioni R. drainage: Tskhenitskale River upstream from Samtredia, 42.169 42.431. (Accession numbers: KP 050504, KP 050505, KP 050519; BOLD EUFWF3072-18, MH 795377, EUFWF4743-18).��� ZFMK ICH-TIS-K7-1, Georgia: Galitsga River near Ochamchir, 42.688 41.511. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF3048-18) ��� ZFMK ICH-TIS-NB1081, Georgia: Kelasuri River near Kelasur, 43.006 41.126. (BOLD accession numbers: BOLD EUFWF3052-18, BOLD EUFWF3053-18) Diagnosis. Cobitis satunini is distinguished from C. saniae by having the base of the lamina circularis narrowly attached to the pectoral-fin ray (vs. widely connected) and by having roundish or irregularly squarish blotches in Z4 anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. blotches in Z4 horizontally elongate, often very densely set and fused into short or longer stripes). Distribution. Cobitis satunini is known from the Georgian Black Sea basin. It is expected to occur also in the tributaries of the adjacent rivers flowing to the Black Sea in Turkey east of Trabzon. Remarks. Cobitis satunini is closely related to C. taenia, especially to the populations from the southern Marmara Sea basin (see below). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 1.6% to C. taenia from Turkey. Neither the PTP nor the mPTP delimitation approach resolved it as a unique entity but group it together with C. taenia. Cobitis taenia is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the northern Black Sea basin (C. elongatoides, C. taurica, and C. tanaitica) by having 48 chromosomes (vs. 50) (Janko et al. 2005). To our knowledge, this character has not been studied in C. satunini and the populations in the southern Marmara Sea basin. These chromosome data are needed to decide if C. satunini could be a synonym of C. taenia. Records of Cobitis along the southern Black Sea coast are very sparse and we are not aware of findings of Cobitis (except C. simplicispina) between Trabzon in the east (Erk'akan et al. 1999) and Bartın in the west (C. taenia, Perdices et. al. 2018). We examined Cobitis from Hopa and preliminary identify these as C. satunini awaiting confirmation from molecular data. We suspect, that Cobitis from Trabzon, identified as C. splendens by Erk'akan et al. (1999), might also belong to C. satunini. This record might have been based on males with a much reduced Z3. We strongly encourage fieldwork in this area to study the distribution ranges of Cobitis in the southern Black Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 29-30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Janko, K., Vasil'ev, V. P., Rab, P., Rabova, M., Slechtova, V. & Vasil'eva, E. D. (2005) Genetic and morphological analyses of 50 - chromosome spined loaches (Cobitis, Cobitidae, Pisces) from the Black Sea basin that are morphologically similar to C. taenia, with the description of a new species. Folia Zoologica, 54, 405 - 420.","Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678"]}

Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmek��i & Nalbant, 1998 (Fig. 20) Cobitis puncticulata Erk'akan, Atalay-Ekmek��i & Nalbant, 1998: 12, fig. 4 (type locality: Turkey: Karaderetream [Karade stream?] ath [at] outlet of Manyas (Kus) Lake). Material examined. FSJF 1670, 1, 59 mm SL; Greece: stream at Lira, 41.072 26.267.��� FSJF 1986, 1, 64 mm SL; Turkey: Bursa prov.: ��apraz River, outflow of Lake Ulubat, 40.205 28.432. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 180; Turkey: Bursa prov.: ��apraz River, outflow of Lake Ulubat, 40.205 28.432. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 552795, KJ553296, BOLD EUFWF 250-18).. Diagnosis. Cobitis puncticulata is distinguished from all other Cobitis species in the Middle East by the unique combination of one lamina circularis in the male and very small, indistinct or confluent blotches in Z2 and Z4 (vs. well separated and large), flank pigmented below Z4 (vs. unpigmented) and a brownish body (vs. pale yellowish or whitish). Distribution. Cobitis puncticulata is known from the Lakes Manyas and Ulubat basins, which both are a part of the Simav River drainage in Turkey and from the lower Maritza drainage in Greece (Freyhof et al. 2008). Remarks. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 2.2% to C. tanaitica. Together with the two C. taenia specimens from the Simav drainage with identical and nearly identical COI haplotypes it was recovered as distinct PTP entity. Two out of three Cobitis individuals sequenced from the stream Sakar in the Simav River drainage (FSJF DNA-2912) were found to have COI haplotypes identical and nearly identical with C. puncticulata and one individual sequenced has a COI haplotype of C. taenia. All three voucher individuals as well as the six other Cobitis in the same lot (FFR 05530) are identified as C. taenia. As both species occur in sympatry, often syntopically (own observation), we interpret the occurrence of COI haplotypes of C. puncticulata in C. taenia as a case of introgressive hybridisation., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Erk'akan, F., Atalay-Ekmekci, F. G. & Nalbant, T. T. (1998) Four new species and one new subspecies of the genus Cobitis (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Cobitidae) from Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 22, 9 - 15.","Freyhof, J., Stelbrink, B., Ozulug, M. & Economidis, P. S. (2008) The first record of Cobitis puncticulata from Europe with comments on its conservation status (Teleostei: Cobitidae). Folia Zoologica, 57, 16 - 19."]}

Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyy��poglu, 1988 (Fig. 9) Cobitis elazigensis Coad & Sarieyy��poglu, 1988: 426, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: Elazig Province: a creek at Cip, 15 km west of Elaziğ, in drainage of Murat Nehri, a tributary of Euphrates River; 38.700 39.083). Material examined. FSJF 2495, 15, 88���132 mm SL; Turkey: Elazığ prov.: canal below Cipk��y reservoir, at picnic area, 38.678 39.064.��� FSJF 2559, 4, 77���88 mm SL; Turkey: Adıyaman prov.: stream Eğri about 6 km south of Adıyaman, tributary to Atat��rk damlake, 37.741 38.335. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-903; Turkey: Elazığ prov.: canal below Cipk��y reservoir, at picnic area, 38.678 39.064. (GenBank accession numbers: KP 050510, KP 050513, KP 050514, KP 050517, KP 050527). Diagnosis. Cobitis elazigensis is distinguished from C. avicennae from the Iranian Tigris River drainage by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one). Distribution. Cobitis elazigensis is widespread in the upper Euphrates River drainage south to the Atat��rk reservoir. It might be more widespread in the Euphrates and records of Cobitis from the Syrian Euphrates (Coad 2010) might belong to this species. Remarks. Erk'akan et al. (1999) identified this species as C. simplicispina but molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. elazigensis in the C. linea species group (C. linea, C. aliyeae, C. anabelae, C. erkakanae, and C. levantina). See below for details to distinguish C. elazigensis from other species in the C. linea species group and from other Cobitis species found in the Persian Gulf basin. Based on DNA barcoding C. elazigensis is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 4.7% to C. linea, also supported as PTP entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Coad, B. W. & Sarieyyupoglu, M. (1988) Cobitis elazigensis, a new species of cobitidid fish from Anatolia, Turkey. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, 34 (4), 426 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 02905648"]}

Cobitis strumicae Karaman, 1955 (Fig. 26���27) Cobitis taenia strumicae Karaman, 1955: 190, fig. 4 (type locality: FYROM: Monospitovo swamp and Strumica River). Cobitis peschevi Sivkov & Dobrovolov, 1984: 1673, fig. 1 (type locality: Bulgaria: Eleshnitsa River, a tributary of Kamchiya River). Cobitis rhodopensis Vassilev, 1998: 280, fig. 1 (type locality: Bulgaria: Biala River, a tributary of Maritsa River, downstream of Meden buk village) Material examined. FSJF 1703, 12, 50���69 mm SL; Greece: stream Kompsatos at Polyanthos, 41.139 25.212.��� FSJF 1755, 28, 44���81 mm SL; Greece: stream Maritza at Kornofolia, 41.134 26.292.��� FSJF 2343, 7, 49���95 mm SL; Turkey: ��anakkale prov.: stream Koca at Bakacak, 40.204 27.086. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. ZFMK ICH-TIS 55817 & 55818; Greece: Strymon River near Amfipolis, 40.829 23.839. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553048, KJ 553143).��� FSJF DNA- 301; Turkey: ��anakkale prov.: stream Koca at Bakacak, 40.204 27.086. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 4175-18). Diagnosis. Cobitis strumicae is distinguished from all other species of Cobitis in the Middle East by having two brown blotches at the upper and lower margin of the caudal-fin base (vs. no spot or one spot). It is further distinguished from C. fahireae from the Aegean Sea basin, C. puncticulata from the Marmara Sea basin as well as from C. taenia from the southern Black and Marmara Sea basins by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one). Cobitis strumicae is distinguished from C. dorademiri and C. phrygica, both having two laminae circularis in the male, by lacking the pigmentation below Z4 (vs. present in C. dorademiri, blotches in Z4 often dissociated into a field of spots and blotches, especially in the female C. phrygica) and having a bifurcate suborbital spine (vs. simple in C. phrygica). Distribution. Cobitis strumicae is widespread in the European Aegean and southern Black Sea basins, from the Struma River drainage to the area of Varna (Greece, Bulgaria, and Turkey), the Lakes Volvi and Koronia (Greece) and the Danube drainage in Bulgaria. Cobitis from the stream Koca at the Biga Peninsula (northernmost Aegean basin in Turkey) are identified as this species. Remarks. Molecular data (Fig. 1) suggest that C. strumicae is not closely related to other Cobitis species having two laminae circularis except of C. afifeae described below and C. punctilineata known from the northern Aegean Sea basin in Greece. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 5.3% to C. punctilineata. It is also supported by the PTP and mPTP delimitation approaches. See below for details to distinguish C. strumicae from C. afifeae and from other Cobitis species found in the southern Marmara Sea basin. Cobitis strumicae is reported here for the first time from Asia. Its occurrence on the Biga Peninsula is no surprise as C. strumicae is well known from the adjacent northern Aegean and Marmara Sea basins., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Cobitis simplicispina Hank��, 1924 (Fig. 23) Cobitis simplicispina Hank��, 1924: 153, pl. 3 fig. 7 (type locality: Turkey: K��tschke-Kissik [G��k��ekışık (39.650 30.400), a town 15 km southwest of Eskişehir (39.776 30.520); Porsuk River drainage]). Material examined. FSJF 1935, 40, 44���129 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream at Ortak��y about 13 km north of Aksehir, 38.447 31.517.��� FSJF 2439, 10, 60���102 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: stream Ilhani at Ayas, 40.02 32.33.��� FSJF 2500, 26, 48���105 mm SL; Turkey: Ankara prov.: stream Bayındır at Kızılcahamam east of ��eltikci, 40.314 32.467.��� FSJF 2578, 3, 60���114 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Delik��yboğazı about 5 km south of Ilgın at road to Beyşehir, 38.235 31.880.��� FSJF 3732, 28, 47���72 mm SL; Turkey: ��ankırı prov.: stream Şaban��z�� 5 km south of Şaban��z��, 40.434 33.283. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 2840; Turkey: ��ankırı prov.: stream Şaban��z�� about 5 km south of Şaban��z��, 40.433 33.283. (BOLD accession numbers: BOLD EUFWF 2729-18 ��� EUFWF 2731-18).��� FSJF DNA- 1094; Turkey: Konya prov.: stream Delik��yboğazı about 5 km south of Ilgın at road to Beyşehir, 38.235 31.880. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF 4188-18).��� FSJF DNA- 2931; Turkey: Eskişehir prov.: stream P��rtek about 2 km west of Oğlak��ı, 39.552 31.756. (GenBank accession number: MH 795382).��� FSJF DNA.2932; Turkey: Ankara prov.: stream Kızılcahamam north of Kızılcahamam, 40.482 32.653. (GenBank accession number: MH 795383). Diagnosis. Cobitis simplicispina is distinguished from all other Cobitis species in the Black Sea basin by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one in C. elongatoides, C. pontica, C. saniae, C. satunini, C. tanaitica, C. taurica and C. taenia). Female C. simplicispina larger than 90 mm SL are distinguished from female C. battalgilae of the same size by the blotches in Z4 organised in one series, often fused into short or longer stripes (vs. blotches in Z4 dissociated, forming a band of several rows of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots) and Z 4 in the male usually fused into a short or long stripe (vs. blotches widely or densely set, not forming a stripe). In addition, male C. simplicispina are distinguished from male C. battalgilae by having a smaller dorsal-fin depth (17���19% SL vs. 21��� 22) and a shorter pectoral fin (15���17% SL vs. 19���20). Cobitis simplicispina is distinguished from C. bilseli from Lake Beyşehir basin by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one). It is distinguished from C. dorademiri by having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.6���0.9 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 1.0���1.2) and the blotches in Z4 often fused into a short or longer stripe (vs. well separated). Cobitis simplicispina is usually distinguished from C. phrygica by having a black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. absent) and the flank pigmentation well organised in the four Gambetta zones (vs. disorganised into many blotches and/or spots not following the four lines of pigmentation in many, but not all C. phrygica) and blotches in Z4 not dissociated in a field of spots and blotches (vs. often dissociated). Cobitis simplicispina is further distinguished from C. phrygica by having a shorter prepelvic length (54���57% SL vs. 57���62) and a bifurcate suborbital spine (vs. simple). Distribution. Cobitis simplicispina is widespread in the Sakarya and Kızılırmak River drainages in the southern Black Sea basin as well as endorheic basins of Lakes Eber, Akşehir and Ilgın in Central Anatolia. Remarks. The fish collection of Hank��, including the type of C. simplicispina, was destroyed in a fire and Erk'akan et al. (1999:24) designated a neotype for C. simplicispina to replace the original type. This neotype designation does not meet the qualifying conditions of ICZN (1999: Article 75.2 and 75.3) and is therefore invalid. There is a doubtful record of C. simplicispina from Lake İznik, which has not been approved yet. We are only aware of C. taenia occurring in Lake İznik. Cobitis simplicispina is the only species of Cobitis found in the Black Sea basin having two laminae circularis. Molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. simplicispina in a species group with C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. dorademiri, C. joergbohleni, C. phrygica, C. pirii, C. sipahilerae, and C. turcica, all known from Central Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea basin. Cobitis simplicispina is similar to C. battalgilae but both species are not very closely related. Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 5.1% to C. dorademiri. It is supported as PTP as well as mPTP entity. See below for details to distinguish C. simplicispina from C. sipahilerae, C. turcica, and C. pirii and other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Hanko, B. (1924) Fische aus Klein-Asien. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 21,137 - 158, pl. 3.","ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomeclature, London, 306 pp."]}

Cobitis pirii, new species (Fig. 48 ���50) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-99635, 67 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream Aksu at Bağıllı, 37.763 31.033. Paratypes. FSJF 2469, 22, 49���74 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 2474, 8, 49���97 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��ayk��y at Koysazı bridge about 5 km southeast of Eğirdir, 37.841 30.891.��� FSJF 3094, 2, 58���59 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream S��ğ��tl�� at Eğirler about 12 km northeast of Gelendost, 38.197 31.107. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 1098; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream Aksu at Bağıllı, 37.763 31.033. (GenBank accession number: MH 795384).��� FSJF DNA- 1103; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��ayk��y at Koysazı bridge, southeast of Eğirdir, 38.197 31.107. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553000, KJ 553258). Diagnosis. Cobiti s pirii is distinguished from all other Cobitis species in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin and the endorheic basins in Central Anatolia by having a unique colour pattern. Cobitis pirii usually has two rows of small, densely set, roundish or irregularly-shaped blotches along the lower flank. The upper row is situated along Z4 and these blotches in Z4 are usually well separated and rarely fused to adjacent neighbours. The lower row of blotches is situated about �� or one eye diameter below the upper row and the blotches in both rows are of similar size and shape. In C. aliyeae, C. anabelae, C. dorademiri, C. erkakanae, C. evreni, C. levantina, C. simplicispina and C. sipahilerae as well as in many individuals of C. battalgilae and C. phrygica, there is one row of large blotches in Z4, well separate or fused into short or longer stripes and there is no pigmentation below Z4 or the pigmentation below Z4 is restricted to single pigment cells or few blotches, usually on the lower caudal peduncle and above the pectoral fin. In some, especially small, individuals of C. pirii there is no row of blotches below Z4. These individuals are distinguished by having a series of very small, irregularly set and shaped, blotches or spots in Z4 (vs. a series large blotches or a stripe in C. aliyeae, C. anabelae, C. dorademiri, C. erkakanae, C. evreni, C. levantina, C. simplicispina and C. sipahilerae as well as in many individuals of C. battalgilae and C. phrygica). In some individuals of C. battalgilae, C. dorademiri, C. levantina and C. phrygica, the blotches in Z4 are dissociated into a band or a field of small blotches and spots but not organised in two rows (vs. two rows in C. pirii). In our materials of C. battalgilae examined, there are few individuals having a row of blotches below Z4 and these individuals cannot be distinguished from C. pirii by colour pattern. In our materials, these are all males. Male C. pirii are distinguished from male C. battalgilae by having a shorter predorsal distance (50���52% SL vs. 53���54), a deeper dorsal fin (17���20% SL vs. 21���22) and a shorter pectoral (17���19% SL vs. 19���20) and pelvic fin (12���14% SL vs. 16���18). Cobitis pirii is further distinguished from C. battalgilae by having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), the mental lobes elevated and well separated from the lower lip (vs. mental lobe often indistinct from lower lip, rarely well-separated) and a long mental lobe reaching to or beyond the lower lip (vs. very short, not reaching beyond the lower lip). In C. pirii, the flank pattern is usually organised in the Gambetta zones (vs. not in C. joergbohleni and C. turcica and many individuals of C. phrygica). In few individuals of C. pirii, the flank pattern is not organised in the Gambetta zones and these are indistinguishable by the colour pattern from C. joergbohleni and C. turcica. Cobitis pirii is further distinguished from C. turcica by having a greater interorbital distance (16���21% HL vs. 12���16) and from C. joergbohleni by having a truncate caudal fin (vs. roundish). All individuals of C. pirii and C. joergbohleni examined have a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. most C. turcica have a bifurcate external part of the suborbital spine, only in few individuals examined the spine is simple). Cobitis pirii is further distinguished from C. aliyeae, C. anabelae and C. erkakanae by having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), a shorter predorsal distance in the male (50���52% SL vs. 56���58 in C. aliyeae, 82���85 in C. erkakanae) and prepelvic distance in the male (51���55% SL vs. 57���60 in C. aliyeae, 54��� 56 in C. erkakanae), a longer caudal-peduncle length in the male (14���16% SL vs. 11���14 in C. aliyeae, 11���13 in C. erkakanae) and a shorter preanal length in the female (76���79% SL vs. 81���85 in C. aliyeae, 82���85 in C. erkakanae). It is further distinguished from C. dorademiri by having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.6��� 0.8 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 0.9���1.0). Cobitis pirii is further distinguished from C. phrygica by usually having a very small black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base (vs. absent), elevated mental lobes, well-separated from the lower lip (vs. mental lobe often indistinct from the lower lip, rarely well-separated), a longer caudal-peduncle length in the male (14���16% SL vs. 11���13), a shorter caudal-fin length in the male (16���18% SL vs. 19���21) and a deeper body in the female (15��� 19% SL vs. 13���15). Cobitis pirii is distinguished from C. bilseli from the Lake Beyşehir basin by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one). Description. See Figures 48 ���50 for general appearance and Table 8 for morphometric data of the holotype and 19 paratypes. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.1���1.3 times in body depth. Snout pointed, its length 0.6���0.8 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.3���0.4 times in head depth at eye, 0.7���1.0 times in interorbital width. Caudalpeduncle length 1.3���1.8 times longer than deep. FİGURE 50. Cobitis pirii, from the top: FSJF 2469, male, 55 mm SL; Turkey: stream Aksu; FSJF 2474, male, 49 mm SL; female, 74 mm SL; Turkey: stream ��ayk��y. Pelvic axillary lobe present in some individuals, absent in others. Margin of dorsal and anal fins convex. Caudal fin truncate. A short and shallow ventral keel in all and a short and shallow dorsal keel in some individuals on caudal peduncle. External part of the suborbital spine simple, reaching slightly to or beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 97 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (7) and 6�� (13) branched rays. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (17) and 6�� (3) branched rays. Caudal fin with 8+7 branched rays in two males and two females, 7+ 7 in other males and females. Pectoral fin with 8 (7), 9 (12) and 10 (1) branched rays and pelvic fin with 5 (19) and 6 (1) branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 1/5 or 1/7 of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line short, with 2���6 pores. Lips (Fig. 54) moderately thick, mental lobes short, often well separated from lower lip, produced in a barbel-like process in few individuals. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of front border or middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female (17���19% SL vs. 14���16) and two laminae circularis (vs. none). Colouration. Body yellowish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid-dorsal and usually five lateral zones, flank pigmentation not organised in Gambetta zones in some individuals. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting in a series of 13���20, roundish blotches, often irregularly shaped or fused to each other. Many small spots in Z1, spots smaller than those in Z2. Z1 wider than Z2, not reaching dorsally to interspaces of mid-dorsal blotches. Many small spots of about pupil size in Z2, partly fused in few males, forming short stripes. Pigmentation in Z2 present only on predorsal-and subdorsal part of flank, indistinguishable from Z1 and Z3 on postdorsal flank. Pigmentation in Z3 formed by few small spots, Z3 wider than Z2 and spots smaller than in Z2 and in Z4. Pigmentation in Z4 formed by a series of small blotches, usually well separated and rarely fused to adjacent neighbours. In preserved individuals, a bold grey inner axial stripe connecting blotches in Z4. A second row of blotches usually present about �� or one eye diameter below Z4. Blotches in lower row of similar size and shape as those in Z4. A single, very indistinct, and small black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by small spots. No dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 6���7 and dorsal fin with 4���7 dark, sometimes irregular shaped bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for Piri Reis (1465���1553) the Ottoman admiral, navigator, geographer and cartographer. Piri Reis is known for his world maps showing America and the maritime book called Kitab-i Bahriye. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis pirii is widespread in Lake Eğirdir basin as well as in the Aksu and K��pr�� River drainages. The Aksu and K��pr�� Rivers flow into the Mediterranean Sea south of Lake Eğirdir. Remarks. Molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. pirii in the C. simplicispina species group (C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. dorademiri, C. joergbohleni, C. phrygica, C. pirii, C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae, and C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding C. pirii is separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 2.5% to C. bilseli. It is also supported by the PTP approach as distinct entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 61-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu, 1962 (Fig. 5���6) Cobitis battalgilae Băcescu, 1962b: 436, 437, fig. 1B (type locality: Turkey: Beyşehir Lake). Material examined. ZMH 4744, lectotype, 69 mm SL; ZMH 4745, 3, 52���93 mm SL; Turkey: Beyşehir Lake.��� FSJF 2308, 1, 73 mm SL; FSJF 2600, 14, 56���137 mm SL; Turkey: Konya prov.: spring Eflatun Pınarı about 4 km west of Sadıkhacı, 37.825 31.674.��� FSJF 2524, 19, 53���92 mm SL; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��eltek about 9 km south of Şarkikaraağac, 38.012 31.315.��� FSJF 3117, 4, 66���103 mm SL; Turkey: Antalya prov.: Manavgat River below Oymapınar dam, 36.896 31.527. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1108; Turkey: Konya prov.: spring Eflatun Pınarı about 4 km west of Sadıkhacı, 37.825 31.674. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 552817, KJ 552902).��� FSJF DNA- 1082; Turkey: Isparta prov.: stream ��eltek about 9 km south of Şarkikaraağac, 38.012 31.315. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553142, KJ552914, KJ 552834).��� FSJF DNA-1657; Turkey: Antalya prov.: Manavgat River below Oymapınar dam, 36.896 31.527. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ 553119, KJ 552796). Diagnosis. Cobiti s battalgilae is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin and the endorheic basins in Central Anatolia by a combination of characters, none of them unique. Female C. battalgilae larger than 90 mm SL are distinguished from female C. simplicispina of the same size by the blotches in Z4 being usually dissociated, often forming a band or an open field of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots (vs. blotches in Z4 not dissociated, often fused, forming short or longer stripes) and the blotches in Z 4 in the male C. battalgilae not forming stripes (vs. usually fused into a short or longer stripe). Distribution. Cobiti s battalgilae is found in the Lake Beyşehir basin, where it was found in the stream ��eltek in the very north and in the spring Eflatun Pınarı in the east of Lake Beyşehir (and maybe elsewhere). It is also found below the Apa Reservoir (Perdices et. al. 2018), in the river that flows out of Lake Suğla and ends in the Konya plains, as well as in the Manavgat River that flows to the Gulf of Antalya. Remarks. The distribution area of C. battalgilae reflects well the hydrological connections of Lake Beyşehir, which seasonally flow over to Lake Suğla from which parts of the water flows to the Konya plain and parts of the water flow into the Limestone Mountains supporting springs in the Manavgat River drainage through underground connections. Beside C. battalgilae, other species known from the Lake Beyşehir basin occur in the Manavgat River drainage as Pseudophoxinus battalgilae, Squalius anatolicus and Oxynoemacheilus attili. On the other hand, most species known from Lake Beyşehir as Cobitis bilseli, Capoeta maurici, Garra kemali, Pseudophoxinus anatolicus, P. hettitorum, Chondrostoma beyshehirense, Aphanius cf. iconii and others have never been found in the Manavgat River drainage. The colour pattern in Cobitis is an important complex of characters useful to identify species. The colour pattern is especially variable within the populations of C. battalgilae. Some individuals, usually males smaller than 70 mm SL, lack the pigmentation in Z3 and there is one series of squarish blotches in Z4. Other individuals have the Z3 partly or fully pigmented and the blotches in Z4 are vertically elongate, often small and densely set or some or all blotches in Z4 are divided in 2 or more elements resulting in a colour pattern of two rows of blotches (similar to C. pirii, see below). In other individuals, Z4 is dissociated into a band of small, irregularly-shaped blotches and spots or the spots and blotches are dispersed on the flank forming an open field of blotches and spots. This large variability in the colour pattern in C. battalgilae makes it very difficult to identify this species, especially if only few individuals are available. Molecular characters help in this and other cases. Băcescu (1962:436) described C battalgilae in a footnote: "C'est l�� l'esp��ce la plus r��pandue, semble-t-il de toute l' Anatolie (C. simplicispina); gr��ce au mat��riel aimablement mis �� notre disposition par MM. les Professeurs Curt Kosswig (Zool. Inst. u. Museum, Hambourg) et E. Tortonese (Musee Giace. Doria, Genes), nous avons pu ��tablir sa pr��sence dans les lacs: Beysechir (2.4.1953) en compagnie de C. battalgilae n. sp. (Fig. 1, B); G��lhisar (7.9.1957); T��z-G��l�� et Cihanbeyli (2.8.1951). etc.; nous y reviendrons, dans une ��tude sp��ciale sur les, Cobitis d'Anatolie [This is the most widespread species, it seems, of all Anatolia (C. simplicispina); thanks to the material (���), we were able to establish its presence in the lakes: Beyşehir (2.4.1953) together with C. battalgilae n. sp. (Fig. 1, B); G��lhisar (7.9.1957); T��z-G��l�� and Cihanbeyli (2.8.1951). etc.; we will come back to this in a special study on Anatolian Cobitis.]. Basically, Băcescu (1962) describes the distribution of C. simplicispina and just mentions, that it occurs together with C. battalgilae in Lake Beyşehir. It is clear, that Băcescu (1962) reported C. battalgilae from Lake Beyşehir and he reports C. simplicispina also from Lakes G��lhisar and Tuz and from Cihanbeyli, but did not mention C. battalgilae from there. However, the caption of Fig. 1B says the figured specimen is C. battalgilae from G��lhisar. This may mean that he really had material of his C. battalgilae from both Beyşehir and G��lhisar, or that he messed the data. Wilkens & Dohse (1993) list four syntypes (ZMH 4745) and a holotype (ZMH 4744) of C. battalgilae from Beyşehir and other syntypes might exist elsewhere, as Erk'akan et al. (1999:21) list MINB (uncat) as a paratype of C. battalgilae from G��lhisar. The specimen mentioned as holotype by Wilkens & Dohse (1993) in fact is a syntype, since Băcescu (1962) did not designate a holotype. Subsequently listing a specimen as " holotype " does not make it a holotype. In addition, listing it erroneously as " holotype " does not constitute a lectotype designation (ICZN 1999: Article 74.5). However, a lectotype designation is needed as two species are involved. These are populations from Lake Beyşehir, to which the syntypes in ZMH belong to and the species in G��lhisar, which we identify as C. phrygica. To clear the situation, we designate ZMH 4744 (Fig. 5) as lectotype. This is the individual already selected as ���holotype��� by Wilkens & Dohse (1993). This nomenclatural act stabilises the application of the name to Lake Beyşehir population. Băcescu (1962) described the species as Cobitis battalgili. As Fahire Battalgil was a woman, the name should have been formed as C. battalgilae (ICZN 1999: Article 31.1.2.). This incorrect original spelling of an inadvertent error has to be corrected (ICZN 1999: Article 32.5.) and therefore, we use C. battalgilae as the name of the species. Molecular data shown in Fig. 1 confirmed previous phylogenetic relationships (Geiger et al. (2014) and Perdices et al. (2018) and place C. battalgilae in the C. simplicispina species group (C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. dorademiri, C. joergbohleni, C. phrygica, C. pirii, C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae, C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 1.2% to C. turcica. Cobitis battalgilae groups with the latter species in the PTP grouping and with even more species based on the mPTP results. This situation was not observed in the molecular study by Perdices et al. (2018). See below for details to distinguish C. battalgilae from other species in the C. simplicispina species group and other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Bacescu, M. (1962) Contribution a la systematique du genre Cobitis. Description d'une espece nouvelle, Cobitis calderoni, provenant de l'Espagne. Revue de Biologie, Academie de la Republique Populaire Roumaine, Bucarest, 6 (4), 435 - 448. Coad, B. W. (2010) Freshwater Fishes of Iraq. Pensoſt Publishers, Sofia-Moscow, 294 pp.","Perdices, A., Ozeren, C. S., Erk'akan, F. & Freyhof, J. (2018) Diversity of spined loaches from Asia Minor in a phylogenetic context (Teleostei: Cobitidae). PLoS ONE, 13 (10), e 0205678. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0205678","Wilkens, H. & Dohse, R. (1993) Die Typen der Ichthyologischen Sammlung des Zoologischen Instituts und Zoologischen Museums der Universitat Hamburg (ZMH) Teil IV. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 90, 401 - 426.","ICZN (International Code of Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 4 th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomeclature, London, 306 pp.","Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257"]}

Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944 (Fig. 19) Cobitis phrygica Battalgazi, 1944: 300, fig. 1 (type locality: Turkey: prov.: Afyonkarahisar, Aci G��l [Lake Acig��l, 37.816 29.883]). Material examined. FSJF 2013, 9, 56���79 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream north of Bucak at main road to Burdur, 37.512 30.541.��� FSJF 2375, 26, 59���119 mm SL; Turkey: Muğla prov.: stream Eşen at Kınık Fethiye, 36.827 29.560.��� FSJF 2468, 22, 58���80 mm SL; Turkey: Denizli prov.: spring east of Gemiş at southern shore of Lake Acı, 37.773 29.845.��� FSJF 2572, 15, 46���94 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: spring Kırkpınar south of Karamusa, south of Tefenni, 37.184 29.756.��� FSJF 2584, 3, 72���96 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream north of G��lhisar at ��amk��y bridge, 37.244 29.529.��� FSJF 3199, 8, 55���74 mm SL; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream Salda at Salda, 37.522 29.638. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA 59; Turkey: Muğla prov.: stream Seki at Kınık Fethiye, 36.827 29.560. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ552867, KJ552954).��� FSJF DNA-979; Turkey: Denizli prov.: spring east of Gemiş at southern shore of Lake Acı, 37.773, 29.845. (GenBank accession numbers: KJ552845, KJ552900, KJ553165).��� FSJF DNA-1565; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream Salda at Salda, 37.522N 29.638E. (BOLD accession numbers: BOLD EUFWF2537-18, EUFWF2538-18).��� FSJF DNA-1083; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream north of G��lhisar at ��amk��y bridge, 37.244 29.529. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF4377-18).��� FSJF DNA-1565; Turkey: Burdur prov.: stream Salda at Salda, 37.522 29.638. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF2538-18).��� FSJF DNA-2832; Turkey: Muğla prov.: Eşen River about 1 km west of Kınık, 36.825 29.562. (BOLD accession number: EUFWF2725-18). Diagnosis. Cobiti s phrygica can be distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin and the endorheic basins in Central Anatolia by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is superficially very similar to C. battalgilae and both species show a large and overlapping variability of colour patterns within and between populations. Cobitis phrygica is distinguished from C. battalgilae by lacking the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. present, often very small and comma-shaped), the anterior nare not reaching to the hint margin of the posterior nare when folded down (vs. reaching), having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), a shorter caudal peduncle (11���14% SL vs. 14���16) and a smaller eye diameter in the male (14���15% HL vs. 16���20). Based on DNA barcodes both species differ by a minimum of 5.8% K2P distance. Cobitis phrygica is distinguished from C. dorademiri and C. levantina by having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), the flank pattern often completely or partly dissociated into small spots or irregularly-shaped blotches often reaching much below the lateral midline (vs. flank pattern usually organised in Gambetta zones and Z4 not dissociated in C. levantina or rarely dissociated into a field of spots and blotches in C. dorademiri), having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.7���0.9 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 1.0��� 1.2 in C. dorademiri), lacking the black spot at the upper caudal-fin base (vs. present in C. levantina) and the blotches in Z4 often fused or very densely set in individuals smaller than 50 mm SL (vs. well separated in C. levantina). Cobitis phrygica is distinguished from C. evreni by the blotches in Z4 or all Gambetta zones dissociated into spots and blotches in many individuals or formed by a series of midlateral blotches (vs. fused into a stripe anterior to the vertical of the anal-fin origin). Cobitis phrygica is distinguished from C. bilseli from Lake Beyşehir basin as well as from C. fahireae from the Aegean Sea basin by having two laminae circularis in the male (vs. one). Distribution. Cobitis phrygica is widespread in Central Anatolia, where it occurs in the basins of the Lakes Acı, Burdur, Salda and S��g��t and in the Aksu, an endorheic stream north of Bucak. Cobitis phrygica is also found in the Eşen River and the upper Dalaman River drainages, which flow to the southernmost Aegean Sea basin. Remarks. Molecular data shown in Fig. 1 and by Geiger et al. (2014) place Cobitis phrygica in the C. simplicispina species group (C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. dorademiri, C. joergbohleni, C. pirii, C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae, C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding it is well separated from all other included Cobitis and by a minimum K2P distance of 3.5% to C. dorademiri, also supported as PTP and mPTP entity. The colour pattern in C. phrygica is very variable within and between populations, making this species very difficult to characterize. Some individuals have the flank pattern well organised in the Gambetta zones (e.g., C. simplicispina and C. battalgilae) while in others, the flank is covered by small spots similar to C. turcica. We found also all kinds of intermediate colour patterns between individuals with well-organised Gambetta zones and others with Gambetta zones completely dissociated. While the simple suborbital spine distinguishes C. phrygica from the species discussed above, this character state is also found in C. joergbohleni and C. pirii described below, while in C. turcica some individuals have a simple and others have a bifurcate suborbital spine, the outer spine being very small in some C. turcica. In extreme cases and based on current knowledge, only molecular characters will allow the distinguishing of Cobitis phrygica. See below for details to distinguish C. phrygica from C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae, C. turcica, and C. pirii and in other Cobitis species found in the Asian Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773, {"references":["Geiger, M. F., Herder, F., Monaghan, M. T., Almada, V., Barbieri, R., Bariche, M., Berrebi, P., Bohlen, J., Casal-Lopez, M., Delmastro, G. B., Denys, G. P. J., Dettai, A., Doadrio, I., Kalogianni, E., Karst, H., Kottelat, M., Kovacic, M., Laporte, M., Lorenzoni, M., Marcic, Z., Ozulug, M., Perdices, A., Perea, S., Persat, H., Porcelotti, S., Puzzi, C., Robalo, J., Sanda, R., Schneider, M., Slechtova, V., Stoumboudi, M., Walter, S. & Freyhof, J. (2014) Spatial heterogeneity in the Mediterranean Biodiversity Hotspot affects barcoding accuracy of its freshwater fishes. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14, 1210 - 1221. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12257"]}

Cobitis joergbohleni, new species (Fig. 45���47) Holotype. ZFMK ICH-97624, 60 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: spring Soysallı, about 1 km north of Soysallı, 38.390 35.365. Paratypes. FSJF 2602, 1, 70 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� FSJF 4050, 6, 39���54 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Canal about 1 km from the village Ova��iftlik in direction to Yahyalı.. ��� FSJF 4051, 1, 47 mm SL; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: Sultan marshes. Material used in molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA- 965; Turkey: Kayseri prov.: spring Soysallı about 1 km north of Soysallı, 38.390 35.365. (GenBank accession number: KJ 552357). Diagnosis. Cobiti s joergbohleni is distinguished from other Cobitis species in the Mediterranean and the endorheic basins in Central Anatolia by a combination of characters, none of them unique. It is similar to C. turcica and some individuals and populations of C. phrygica by having a flank pattern of many small blotches not organised in the Gambetta zones (vs. organised in Gambetta zones in C. aliyeae, C. anabelae, C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. erkakanae, C. evreni, C. levantina, C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae and some individuals of C. phrygica, often Z4 dissociated into a wide band or field of small blotches and spots in C. battalgilae, C. dorademiri and C. phrygica). Cobitis joergbohleni is distinguished from C. turcica by having a slightly rounded caudal fin (vs. truncate), a greater prepelvic (58���59% SL vs. 53���56) and preanal distance (81���82% SL vs. 75���78) in the female. All individuals of C. joergbohleni available have a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate in most, but not all C. turcica). Cobitis joergbohleni is further distinguished from C. erkakanae by having 5���8 dark-brown blotches between the nape and the dorsal fin-origin (vs. 3���5) and a very short mental lobe, not reaching beyond the lower lip (vs. long, reaching to or beyond the lower lip) and a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. always bifurcate). Cobiti s joergbohleni is further distinguished from C. battalgilae by having a simple external part of the suborbital spine (vs. bifurcate), a greater prepelvic distance (58���59% SL vs. 54���55), a greater preanal distance in the female (81���82% SL vs. 74���80), a shorter caudal-peduncle length in the female (13���14% SL vs. 15���16) and from C. erkakanae by having a greater preanal distance in the female (81���82% SL vs. 82���85) and a smaller pelvic fin length (9���11% SL vs. 12���14) and from C. phrygica by having a deeper body in the female (16���17% SL vs. 13���15) and a greater interorbital width in the female (12���15% HL vs. 10���12) and from C. simplicispina by having a smaller predorsal distance (54% SL vs. 55���58) and a greater interorbital width in the female (12���15% HL vs. 7��� 12). Cobitis joergbohleni is further distinguished from C. evreni and C. phrygica by having a small black spot at the uppermost caudal-fin base (vs. absent). It is further distinguished from C. sipahilerae by having 5���8 dark-brown, large and roundish blotches on the back anterior to the dorsal-fin origin (vs. back plain cream-brown, except few individuals with 1���3 narrow, squarish, brown bars). Cobitis joergbohleni is further distinguished from C. dorademiri by having a narrower caudal peduncle (caudal-peduncle depth 0.7���0.8 times in caudal-peduncle length vs. 0.9���1.0). Description. See Figures 45���47 for general appearance and Table 7 for morphometric data of the holotype and one paratype. Greatest body depth at or slightly anterior to dorsal-fin origin, decreasing towards caudal-fin base. Head profile slightly convex, head length 1.2 times in body depth. Snout pointed its length 0.7 times in postorbital length. Eye diameter 0.3���0.4 times in head depth at eye, 1.1���1.5 times in interorbital width. Caudal peduncle 1.3��� 1.4 times longer than deep. No pelvic axillary lobe. Margin of dorsal and anal fins convex. Caudal fin slightly rounded. Very shallow ventral keel on caudal peduncle in one individual, absent in the other individual. External part of the suborbital spine simple, reaching slightly to or beyond centre of eye. Largest recorded specimen 70 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 3 unbranched and 7�� (2) branched rays. Anal-fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� (2) branched rays. Caudal fin with 7+7 branched rays in the female. Pectoral fin with 8 (2) and pelvic fin with 5 (2) branched rays. Body completely covered by embedded scales, except on predorsal midline and on belly and breast. Scales small. Focal zone in subdorsal scales about 1/4 or less of vertical scale diameter. Lateral line absent in one individual, present with two pores in the other individual. Lips (Fig. 54) thin and mental lobes of lower lip short, mental lobe poorly distinguished from lower lip. Rostral barbel reaching base of mandibular barbel. Mandibular barbel reaching to or slightly beyond vertical of nostril. Maxillary barbel reaching vertical of front border or middle of eye. Sexual dimorphism. Male have a longer pectoral fin than female and two laminae circularis (vs. absent). Colouration. Background colour yellowish with a dark-brown pigmentation pattern organised in one mid- dorsal row of blotches and many small spots, small irregularly-shaped blotches and short vermiculation on flank, not organised in pigmentation zones. Preserved individuals show a bold midlateral inner axial stripe. Mid-dorsal pigmentation consisting 5-8 predorsal blotches and 5-7 blotches behind the dorsal fin base. A single, very indistinct, less than eye size, black spot at upper caudal-fin base. Upper part of head, opercle and snout covered by small spots and short vermiculation. No dark-brown stripe between eye and snout. Fins hyaline. Caudal fin with 6��� 8 and dorsal fin with 6 dark-brown, sometimes irregular shaped bars. Few dark-brown spots in paired fins. Barbels whitish. Etymology. Named for J��rg Bohlen (Libechov) who dedicated his scientific life to the research on various aspects of the diversity, phylogeny and biology of loaches, especially of the genus Cobitis. A noun in genitive, indeclinable. Distribution. Cobitis joergbohleni has only been found in the Sultan Sazlığı marshes in the Develi depression. Remarks. All except one individuals of C. joergbohleni examined are characterised by having the pigmentation pattern on the flank dissociated into small blotches and vermiculation not following the patterns of the Gambeta zones. In one individual (FSJF 4051), this is not the case and there are lines of distinct small blotches along Z2 and Z4. We cannot exclude, that C. joergbohleni might be more variable in colour pattern and more individuals need to be studied in the future. Cobitis joergbohleni is one out of five species of freshwater fish native to the Sultan Sazlığı marshes. The other species are Aphanius danfordii, Pseudophoxinus elizavetae, Oxynoemacheilus ciceki and Seminemacheilus ahmeti. All five native species are endemic to this small drainage system. Similar to the Kırkg��z-Yediarıklar drainage system mentioned above, the occurrence of five endemic fish species (100% of the native species occurring there) makes the Sultan Sazlığı marshes a site of major importance for conservation. This is the second of such small spring systems in Anatolia which is massively threatened by water abstraction. Molecular data (Fig. 1) place C. joergbohleni in the C. simplicispina species group (C. battalgilae, C. bilseli, C. dorademiri, C. phrygica, C. pirii, C. simplicispina, C. sipahilerae, and C. turcica). Based on DNA barcoding C. joergbohleni is well separated from all other included Cobitis, and by a minimum K2P distance of 4.5% to C. bilseli. It is also supported by the PTP and mPTP approach as distinct entity., Published as part of Freyhof, J��rg, Bay��elebi, Esra & Geiger, Matthias, 2018, Review of the genus Cobitis in the Middle East, with the description of eight new species (Teleostei: Cobitidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 4535 (1) on pages 58-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4535.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2615773

Garra yajiangensis, new species (Figs. 5���6) Holotype. IHB 20161577, 165.0 mm SL; China: Tibet Autonomous Region: Motuo County: lower Yarlung Tsangpo River, 29��19'22"N, 95��18'13"E, 708 m above sea level; collected by Zheng Gong, Jian Wang, & Huaming Hu, October 2016. Paratypes. IHB 20161578���20161592, 15 specimens, 125.8���175.1 mm SL; same data as holotype. Diagnosis. Garra yajiangensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is distinguished from the other members of this group by the following combination of characters: a quadrate and slightly bilobed proboscis covered with 2���7 middle-sized unicuspid tubercles, including two large-sized tubercles on the anterior margin of each lobe; some small unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe and the lateral surface of snout; anus situated substantially closer to the anal-fin origin than to the pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 19���24% of pelvic-anal distance); 34���36 lateral-line scales; 12 circumpeduncular scales; and morphometric features: body depth 17.4���19.5% SL, caudal-peduncle length 15.7���19.2% SL, snout length 43���49% HL, eye diameter 13���18% HL, and disc length 49���58% HL. Description. Morphometric data of 16 type specimens in Table 4. Body elongate; cylindrical anteriorly, laterally compressed posteriorly. Head moderately large; head length greater than width, head width greater than depth; interorbital region slightly convex. Snout rounded with transverse lobe covered with some small unicuspid tubercles, demarcated posteriorly by deep transverse groove; some small unicuspid tubercles on lateral surface. Proboscis quadrate, moderately prominent, and slightly bilobed, each lobe slightly protruding; anterodorsal region of proboscis covered with 2���7 middle-sized unicuspid tubercles, including two large-sized tubercles on anterior margin of each lobe; tubercles more conspicuous in larger individuals. Eyes moderately large, situated dorsolaterally behind middle of head. Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbels situated antero-laterally, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbels shorter than rostral barbels. Rostral cap with crenulated margin and numerous tiny papillae, separated from upper jaw by deep groove, posteriorly continuous with lower lip on each side. Edge of upper and lower jaws covered with thin horny sheath. Mental adhesive disc large, elliptical; disc length shorter than width, slightly longer than half head length; anteromedian fold densely covered by tiny papillae, separated from lower jaw by deep groove, posteriorly bordered by shallow notch from central callous-pad; lateral and posterior margins free; lateroposterior flap with densely arranged tiny papillae. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8�� branched rays; distal margin slightly concave; first branched ray longest, almost equal to head length; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13 (10), or 14 (6*) branched rays; length shorter than head length; distal tip not reaching pelvic-fin origin, reaching vertically to dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 8 branched rays; length shorter than head length, equal to pectoral-fin length; distal tip reaching beyond anus; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5�� branched rays; distal tip reaching base of caudal fin; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; lower lobe slightly longer. Lateral line complete and horizontal; with 32 (3), 33 (10), or 34 (3*) scales plus 2 scales on the caudal-fin base. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 4 (8) or 4�� (8*), between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 2�� (3*) or 3 (13). Circumpeduncular scales 12. Predorsal scales 9 (7*), 10 (8), or 11 (1); smaller than flank scales. Chest and belly scaled; scales on chest smaller than on belly. One long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin. Anus situated very closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin origin (see Fig. 5, distance from anus to anal fin 19���24% of pelvic-anal distance), separated from anal-fin origin by 3 scale rows. Coloration. In preserved specimens, head, dorsum, and side of head pale brown or gray. Mouth, chest, and belly faint yellow or light brown. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and anal fins gray or grayish white; pectoral fin darker than other fins. A gray submarginal band on distal half of dorsal fin. Lower lobe and distal margin of upper lobe of caudal fin dark gray. Distribution. Known only from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in Motuo County, southeastern Tibet (Fig. 3). Ecology. This new species was primarily caught in the mainstem of the Yarlung Tsangpo (occasionally found in the tributaries), where it inhabits swift-flowing waters with numerous rocks (Fig. 7). The spawning period occurs from March to May when water temperature ranges from 12���17��C according to macroscopic visual examination of the gonads. The eggs are yellow and demersal. Examinations of intestinal contents show that this species mainly feeds on periphytic algae. Etymology. Named after its type locality, Yajiang (the Chinese abbreviation of the Yarlung Tsangpo River). An adjective. Molecular phylogenetic analysis. After alignment, 1137 bps of Cyt b gene sequences belonging to 86 individuals of 40 species of Garra and two species of Labeo were used for analysis. Of all 1137 bps, 182 were variable sites and 151 were parsimony informative sites. Based on the K2P model, paired genetic divergences between these two new species and their congeners are given in Table 5. The genetic divergences between G. motuoensis and its sampled congeners known from the Brahmaputra and the adjacent river drainages ranged from 2.6% (vs. G. cf. gotyla A) to 19.8% (vs. G. poecilura); between G. yajiangensis and its congeners ranged from 6.3% (vs. G. cf. gotyla B) to 16.1% (vs. G. poecilura). Phylogenetic trees from two inference methods (BI and ML) showed identical topologies for the most part, although some shallow nodes varied. Only the Bayesian Inference tree is shown, with node support values displayed from the two inference methods (Fig. 8). Topology of the phylogenetic tree indicated that all sampled individuals of G. motuoensis grouped into a monophyletic clade with high probabilities (0.99/100), which was sister to G. cf. gotyla A. Similarly, all sampled individuals of G. yajiangensis clustered into a monophyletic clade with high probabilities (1/99), which was the closest to G. cf. gotyla B. Both G. motuoensis and G. yajiangensis were independent from their sister taxon with high probabilities (1/100 and 0.9/66, respectively)., Published as part of Gong, Zheng, Freyhof, J��rg, Wang, Jian, Liu, Meng, Liu, Fei, Lin, Pengcheng, Jiang, Yueliang & Liu, Huanzhang, 2018, Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China, pp. 367-384 in Zootaxa 4532 (3) on pages 375-378, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2615429

Garra motuoensis, new species (Figs. 1���2) Holotype. IHB 20161470, 162.5 mm SL; China: Tibet Autonomous Region: Motuo County: Xigong River, a tributary of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, 29��16'44"N, 95��14'56"E, 680 m above sea level; collected by Zheng Gong, Jian Wang, & Huaming Hu, October 2016. Paratypes. IHB 20161471, 1 specimen, 120.8 mm SL, April 2016; IHB 20161472, 1 specimen, 154.1 mm SL, June 2016; IHB 20161473, 1 specimen, 154.4 mm SL, July 2016; IHB 20171474���20171475, 2 specimens, 129.8��� 140.3 mm SL, November 2017; other data same as holotype. Diagnosis. Garra motuoensis, a member of the proboscis species group, is distinguished from the other members of this group by the following combination of characters: a prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed proboscis covered with 6���20 small to middle-sized unicuspid tubercles; some middle-sized unicuspid tubercles on the transverse lobe of the snout and several small unicuspid tubercles on the lateral surface of snout; anus slightly closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin origin (distance from anus to anal fin 36���46% of pelvic-anal distance); 36���37 lateral-line scales; 12 circumpeduncular scales; and other morphometric features: body depth 16.7���22.5% SL, caudal-peduncle length 16.8���20.3% SL, snout length 42���49% HL, eye diameter 15���18% HL, and disc length 42���51% HL. Description. Morphometric data of 6 type specimens in Table 3. Body elongate; cylindrical anteriorly, laterally compressed posteriorly. Head moderately large; head length greater than width, head width greater than depth; interorbital region slightly convex. Snout moderately rounded with transverse lobe covered with some middle-sized prominent unicuspid tubercles, demarcated posteriorly by deep transverse groove; several small unicuspid tubercles on lateral surface. Proboscis prominent, quadrate, and slightly bilobed, each lobe slightly elevated; anterodorsal region of proboscis covered with 6���20 irregularly arranged small to middle-sized unicuspid tubercles; tubercles more conspicuous in larger individuals. Eyes moderately large, situated dorsolaterally behind middle of head. Barbels in two pairs; rostral barbels situated antero-laterally, shorter than eye diameter; maxillary barbels shorter than rostral barbel. Rostral cap with crenulated margin and numerous tiny papillae, separated from upper jaw by deep groove, posteriorly continuous with lower lip on each side. Edge of upper and lower jaws covered with thin horny sheath. Mental adhesive disc large and elliptical; disc length shorter than width, slightly shorter than half of head length; anteromedian fold densely covered with tiny papillae, separated from lower jaw by deep groove and posteriorly bordered by shallow notch from central callous-pad; lateral and posterior margins free; lateroposterior flap with densely arranged tiny papillae. Dorsal fin with 3 simple and 8�� branched rays; distal margin slightly concave; first branched ray longest, nearly equal to head length; origin closer to snout tip than to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13 (1) or 14 (5*) branched rays; length shorter than head length; distal tip not reaching pelvic-fin origin and dorsal-fin origin. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 8 branched rays; length nearly equal to head length; distal tip reaching beyond anus; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to snout tip. Anal fin with 3 simple and 5�� branched rays; distal tip not reaching to base of caudal fin; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin origin. Caudal fin forked; lower lobe slightly longer. Lateral line complete and horizontal; with 34 (2*) or 35 (4) scales plus 2 scales on the caudal-fin base. Transverse scale rows above lateral line 3��, between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin 2�� (5*) or 3 (1). Circumpeduncular scales 12. Predorsal scales 10 (2*) or 11 (4); smaller than flank scales. Chest and belly scaled; scales on chest smaller than on belly. One long axillary scale at base of each pelvic fin. Anus slightly closer to analfin origin than to pelvic-fin origin (see Fig. 1, distance from anus to anal fin 36���46% of pelvic-anal distance); separated from anal-fin origin by 5 scale rows. Coloration. In preserved specimens, head, dorsum, and flank dark gray. Mouth, chest, and belly faint yellow or slightly brown. Dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins gray; pectoral fin darker than other fins. Interradial membranes of all fins covered with conspicuous black pigment. Smaller individuals paler than larger ones. Distribution. Known from the Xigong River, a tributary of the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River in southeastern Tibet (Fig. 3). Ecology. This new species was caught from swift-flowing waters with numerous rocks in the Xigong River, where water is very clear (Fig. 4). Macroscopic visual examination of the gonads suggests that its spawning period occurs in May when water temperature reaches 14��C. The eggs are yellow and demersal. Examinations of intestinal contents show that this species mainly feeds on periphytic algae. Etymology. Named after its type locality, Motuo County. An adjective., Published as part of Gong, Zheng, Freyhof, J��rg, Wang, Jian, Liu, Meng, Liu, Fei, Lin, Pengcheng, Jiang, Yueliang & Liu, Huanzhang, 2018, Two new species of Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the lower Yarlung Tsangpo River drainage in southeastern Tibet, China, pp. 367-384 in Zootaxa 4532 (3) on pages 371-375, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2615429

Barbus anatolicus, new species (FIG. 2���7) Holotype. FFR 0 8811, 193 MM SL; TURKEY: KIRŞEhIR PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER At KESIKK��PR��, 38��57'39''N 34��11'57''E. Paratypes. FFR 0 8802, 27, 67���201 MM SL; SAME DAtA AS hOLOtYPE.��� FFR 0 0 231, 5, 124���168 MM SL; FFR 0 0 238, 4, 157���196 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER 2 KM SOUth OF ZARA, 39��52'26"N 37��44'44"E. ��� FFR 0 8800, 12, 102���251 MM SL; TURKEY: YOZGAt PROV.: StREAM DELICE At YERK��Y, 39��37'19''N 34��29'23''E. ��� FFR 0 8801, 3, 118���168 MM SL; TURKEY: KAStAMONU PROV.: StREAM DEVREZ At WEStERN AŞAĞIDIKMEN, 40��59'02''N 34��05'57''E. ��� FSJF 3740, 2, 116���119 MM SL; TURKEY; ��ANKIRI PROV.: StREAM ULUSU (��ERKEŞ) 1 KM SOUthWESt OF ��ERKEŞ, 40��48'27"N 32��53'03"E. ��� FSJF 2902, 9, 89���236 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39��43'16"N 36��57'44"E. ��� FSJF 2978, 18, 57���132 MM SL; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER At ORtAtOPA��, NORth-WESt OF ŞARKIŞLA, 39��22'57"N 36��15'01"E. Additional material. FFR 0 8810, 8, 86���170 MM SL; TURKEY: GIRESUN PROV.: StREAM BAĞIRSAK At ALUCRA, 40��18'37''N 38��46'21''E. ��� FFR 0 8808, 6, 84���158 MM SL; TURKEY: G��M��ŞhANE PROV.: StREAM KELKIt SOUth OF SEYDIBABA, 40��05'28''N 39��03'02''E. ��� FFR 0 0 178, 2, 84���88 MM SL; TURKEY: ORDU PROV.: StREAM TIFI At G��K��EBAYIR, 40��47'57"N 36��43'50"E. ��� FFR 0 10265, 7, 85���113 MM SL; TURKEY: SAMSUN PROV.: StREAM TERSAKAN At HAVZA, 40��59'23"N 35��43'03"E. ��� FSJF 3127, 3, 53���68 MM SL; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: YEŞILIRMAK RIVER At ILICASU, 20 KM FROM TAŞOVA, 40��44'09"N 36��08'60"E. ��� FSJF 3104, 9, 63���136 MM SL; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ��ORUM 15 KM NORth OF G��YN��CEK, 40��29'30"N 35��35'28"E. Material used in the molecular genetic analysis. FSJF DNA-1386; TURKEY: SIVAS PROV.: KIZILIRMAK RIVER SOUth OF SIVAS, 39��43'16"N 36��57'44"E. (GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407604, MH407625).��� FSJF DNA- 1607; TURKEY: AMASYA PROV.: StREAM ��ORUM 15 KM NORth OF G��YN��CEK, 40��29'30"N 35��35'28"E. (GENBANK ACCESSION NUMBERS: MH407648, MH407605, MH407619). Diagnosis. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus AND B. escherichii BY hAVING MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 51���58 IN B. rionicus; 52���58 IN B. escherichii) AND thE OUtER MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN BEING MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY CONCAVE). It IS ALSO DIStINGUIShED FROM B. escherichii BY thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE). Barbus anatolicus IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. rionicus BY hAVING A MORE OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. APPROXIMAtELY 50���60%) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS, COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth FEW IRREGULARLY ShAPED BROWNISh SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK). ThE NEW SPECIES IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. macedonicus BY hAVING thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF thE VERtICAL OF thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN (VS. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN ABOVE thE PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN), 12���15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN thE LAtERAL LINE AND thE DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN (VS. 14���17), thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD EXCEPt FOR SOME INDIVIDUALS LARGER thAN 200 MM SL) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. IN ADULtS hEAD AND FLANK COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. barbus, B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. WIth A MEDIAN PAD), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 53���63 IN B. barbus, 53���62 IN B. oligolepis, 51���64 IN B. tauricus), thE LENGth OF thE ANAL FIN BEING EqUAL IN BOth SEXES (VS. LONGER IN FEMALE thAN IN MALE IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus), thE POStERIOR MARGIN OF thE DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE (VS. SLIGhtLY CONCAVE OR StRAIGht IN B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus) AND NUMEROUS, IRREGULARLY ShAPED, BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS AND OFtEN ALSO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED DARK-BROWN, LARGE BLOtChES ON thE BACK, FLANK AND hEAD IN jUVENILES AND ADULtS (VS. COLORAtION PLAIN BROWNISh OR WIth MANY, VERY SMALL DARK-BROWN OR BLACK SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK IN ADULtS). It IS FURthER DIStINGUIShED FROM B. oligolepis AND B. tauricus BY hAVING FEWER GILL RAKERS ON thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9���11 VS. 11���14 IN B. oligolepis , 11���13 IN B. tauricus) AND FROM B. tauricus BY hAVING A MORE StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL- FIN RAY (OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. 40���60%). Description. SEE FIG. 2���4 FOR GENERAL APPEARANCE AND TABLES 2���3 FOR MORPhOMEtRIC AND MERIStIC DAtA. A LARGE SPECIES WIth A SLENDER AND SLIGhtLY COMPRESSED BODY. DORSAL PROFILE ARChED AND VENtRAL PROFILE StRAIGht OR SLIGhtLY ARChED. PREDORSAL PROFILE CONVEX AND POStDORSAL PROFILE StRAIGht. HEAD RELAtIVELY LONG, ItS UPPER PROFILE StRAIGht IN INtERORBItAL AREA, CONVEX At NOStRILS AND SLIGhtLY CONCAVE IN FRONt OF NOStRILS. MOUth SUBINFERIOR, WIth WELL- DEVELOPED LIPS. LIPS WIth PAPILLAE, LOWER LIP thICKER thAN UPPER LIP. LOWER LIP WIth PRODUCED LAtERAL AND MEDIAN LOBES (FIG. 5). ROStRAL BARBEL NOt REAChING VERtICAL OF NOStRIL. MAXILLARY BARBEL REAChING tO VERtICAL OF POStERIOR MARGIN OF PUPIL. SNOUt POINtED. LARGESt KNOWN SPECIMEN ABOUt 400 MM SL (NOt PRESERVED). LAtERAL LINE WIth 58���71 SCALES, 12���15 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN, 9���10 SCALE ROWS BEtWEEN LAtERAL LINE AND ANAL-FIN ORIGIN. GILL RAKERS 3���5 + 5���6=9���11 ON OUtER SIDE OF FIRSt GILL ARCh. DORSAL FIN WIth 4 SIMPLE AND 7�����9�� (MODE 8��) BRANChED RAYS. POStERIOR MARGIN OF DORSAL FIN MARKEDLY CONCAVE. DORSAL-FIN ORIGIN SLIGhtLY IN FRONt OF VERtICAL OF PELVIC-FIN ORIGIN. LASt SIMPLE DORSAL-FIN RAY OSSIFIED APPROXIMAtELY 70���80% OF ItS LENGth (FIG. 6). PECtORAL FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 15���16 BRANChED RAYS. PELVIC FIN SLIGhtLY CONVEX, WIth 1 SIMPLE AND 7���8 BRANChED RAYS. ANAL FIN WIth 3 SIMPLE AND 5�� BRANChED RAYS, OUtER MARGIN CONVEX, REAChING tO BASE OF CAUDAL FIN IN MOSt INDIVIDUALS, ItS LENGth NOt FOUND tO BE SEXUALLY DIMORPhIC. CAUDAL FIN FORKED, LOBES SLIGhtLY POINtED. MANY EPIDERMAL KEELS ON tOP OF hEAD AND PREDORSAL SCALES (FIG. 7) IN KIZILIRMAK POPULAtION, ABSENt IN YEŞILIRMAK POPULAtION. TOtAL VERtEBRAE 45���49 (MODALLY 45). PhARYNGEAL tEEth 5.3.2���2.3.5. Coloration. FORMALIN PRESERVED ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth BROWN BACKGROUND COLOUR ON BACK AND FLANK, YELLOWISh ON BELLY. MANY SMALL BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON hEAD, EXtENDING DOWNWARDS tO ChEEK. NUMEROUS SMALL AND IRREGULAR BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON BACK AND FLANK, USUALLY SMALLER thAN SCALES OR AS LARGE AS SCALES. SPOtS OFtEN AGGREGAtE tO LARGE, IRREGULARLY ShAPED BLOtChES. DORSAL AND CAUDAL FINS GREYISh. ANAL, PECtORAL AND PELVIC FINS YELLOWISh. NUMEROUS BLACK OR DARK-BROWN SPOtS ON RAYS OF ALL FINS. LIFE ADULtS AND jUVENILES WIth SILVERY OR BRIGht GOLDEN BACKGROUND COLOUR, PECtORAL AND ANAL FINS WIth ORANGE hUE OR ORANGE MARGIN. Distribution and notes on habitat. Barbus anatolicus IS KNOWN FROM thE DRAINAGES OF thE KIZILIRMAK AND YEŞILIRMAK RIVERS (FIGURE 8). It INhABItS SWIFt FLOWING WAtER, WIth ROCKY AND PEBBLE BOttOM. Etymology. ThE NAME OF thE SPECIES IS DERIVED FROM ANAtOLIA. AN ADjECtIVE. Remarks. Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. niluferensis FROM thE SOUthERN MARMARA SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE GILL RAKERS (9���11 VS. 6���8), MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 43���44), A LONGER (26���29% SL VS. 24���26) AND MORE SLENDER hEAD (hEAD DEPth At OCCIPUt 50���61% HL VS. 60���68) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8���13% HL VS. 18���23). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. pergamonensis FROM thE EAStERN AEGEAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 41���42), MORE LAtERAL LINE SCALES (58���71 VS. 52���61), A LONGER hEAD (26���29% SL VS. 25���26) AND A ShORtER DIStANCE BEtWEEN thE ROStRAL BARBELS (8���13% HL VS. 19���22). Barbus anatolicus IS DIStINGUIShED FROM B. lacerta FROM thE PERSIAN GULF BASIN AND FROM B. cyri, FROM thE CASPIAN SEA BASIN BY hAVING A StRONGLY OSSIFIED LASt UNBRANChED DORSAL-FIN RAY (OSSIFIED ALONG 70���80% OF ItS LENGth VS. LESS thAN 50%) AND thE LOWER LIP WIth A MEDIAN LOBE (VS. A POORLY DEVELOPED SWOLLEN MEDIAN PAD). It FURthER DIFFERS FROM B. lacerta AND B. cyri BY hAVING MORE tOtAL VERtEBRAE (45���49 VS. 42���44) AND MORE GILL RAKERS ON thE OUtER SIDE OF thE FIRSt GILL ARCh (9���11 VS. 6���9). It hAS tO BE NOtED, thAt WE FOUND NO EXtERNAL DIFFERENCE tO DIStINGUISh B. lacerta, B. cyri AND B. karunensis FROM EACh OthER AND WE CANNOt CONFIRM thE MORPhOLOGICAL PARt OF thE DIAGNOSES PROVIDED BY KhAEFI et al. (2017) PARtLY BASED ON thE SAME MAtERIALS EXAMINED AS FOR thIS StUDY., Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Geiger, Matthias & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the K��z��l��rmak and Ye��il��rmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 539-557 in Zootaxa 4461 (4) on pages 542-547, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1460272

Key to species of Barbus in the Middle East 1a 39���44 total vertebrae; small-sized fish reaching about 200 mm SL............................................... 2 1b 44���49 total vertebrae; large-sized fish reaching usually 300���500 mm SL.......................................... 5 2a Lower lip with a median lobe............................................................................. 3 2b Lower lip with a median swollen pad...................................................................... 4 3a 62���71 total lateral line scales; 6���8 gill rakers..................................................... B. niluferensis 3b 52���61 total lateral line scales; 8���11 gill rakers.................................................. B. pergamonensis 4a 69���87 lateral line scales........................................................................ B. miliaris 4b 50���66 lateral line scales...................................................... B. cyri / B. lacerta / B. karunensis 5a Lower lip with median lobe............................................................................. 6 5b Lower lip with median swollen pad....................................................................... 8 6a Flank plain-brown or with many minute dark-brown spots in adults...................................... B. rionicus 6b Flank, back and head with many irregularly shaped black or brown spots, often also with large, dark-brown blotches in juve- niles and adults........................................................................................ 7 7a Lateral line with 54���58 scales; anal fin longer in female than in male................................... B. escherichii 7b Lateral line with 58���71 scales; anal fin of equal length in female and in male............................. B. anatolicus 8a Head length 1.2���1.5 times in body depth; snout length 1.5���1.7 times interorbital distance.................... B. oligolepis 8a Head length 1.0���1.2 times body depth; snout length 1.4���1.5 times interorbital distance....................... B. tauricus, Published as part of Turan, Davut, Kaya, C��neyt, Geiger, Matthias & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Barbus anatolicus, a new barbel from the K��z��l��rmak and Ye��il��rmak River drainages in northern Anatolia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 539-557 in Zootaxa 4461 (4) on page 542, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1460272

Key to species of Luciobarbus in the African Mediterranean Sea basin The key is developed based on materials examined listed at the end of the text. 1a Barbels thick, rostral-barbel origin close to tip of snout............................................. L. guercifensis 1b Barbels thin, rostral-barbel origin clearly behind tip of snout.................................................... 2 2a Last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along 2/3 of its length.................................................. 3 2b Last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along almost its entire length............................................. 8 3a Caudal peduncle 1.2���1.3 times longer than deep............................................................. 4 3b Caudal peduncle 1.3���1.5 times longer than deep............................................................. 6 4a Predorsal length 46���52% SL; interorbital distance 40���44% HL; 43���47+1���3 lateral line scales...... Luciobarbus setivimensis 4b Predorsal length 52���59% SL; interorbital distance 36���46% HL; 41���45+1���3 lateral line scales......................... 5 5a Pectoral-fin length 17���21% SL, 60���79% HL; usually 41+1���2 lateral line scales................ Luciobarbus mascarensis 5b Pectoral-fin length 21���24% SL, 79���90% HL; 43���45+1���3 lateral line scales................... Luciobarbus lanigarensis 6a Caudal peduncle depth 13���14% SL; 43���47+1���2 lateral line scales............................ Luciobarbus numidiensis 6b Caudal peduncle depth 10���13% SL; 41���45+1���2 lateral line scales............................................... 7 7a Predorsal length 46���52% SL; Interorbital distance 36���39% HL; 41���43+1���2 lateral line scales; 4 unbranched dorsal-fin rays................................................................................... Luciobarbus leptopogon 7b Predorsal length 52���56% SL; Interorbital distance 33���40% HL; 42���45+1���2 lateral line scales; usually 5, very rarely 4 unbranched dorsal-fin rays............................................................ Luciobarbus yahyaouii 8a Anal-fin length 19���23% SL.......................................................... Luciobarbus numidiensis 8b Anal-fin length 16���19% SL............................................................................. 9 9a Anal-fin base length 8���10% SL; 41���43+1���2 lateral line scales................................ Luciobarbus chelifensis 9b Anal-fin base length 6���8% SL; 43���47+1���3 lateral line scales................ Luciobarbus callensis / Luciobarbus rifensis, Published as part of Brahimi, Amina, Libois, Roland, Henrard, Arnaud & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Luciobarbus lanigarensis and L. numidiensis, two new species of barbels from the Mediterranean Sea basin in North Africa (Teostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 542-560 in Zootaxa 4433 (3) on page 546, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1290437

Luciobarbus lanigarensis, new species (Figs. 3���5) Holotype. RMCA 2017-022 -P-0024, 134 mm SL; Morocco: Guenfouda prov.: Oued Isly, 34.5118��N, 2.0 5826��W. Paratypes. RMCA 2017-022 -P-0019-0042, 21, 71��� 150 mm SL; ZFMK ICH-105602-105603, 2, 115��� 123 mm SL; same data as holotype. Material for molecular analyses. RMCA DNA-2017-022 -P-LO1-LO6; same data as holotype (GenBank accession numbers: Cyt b: MH187170, MH187171, MH187172, MH187173, MH187174; D-loop: MH187193, MH187194, MH187195, MH187196, MH187197). Diagnosis. Luciobarbus lanigarensis is distinguished from other Luciobarbus species from the African Mediterranean Sea basin by a combination of characters, none of them unique. Luciobarbus lanigarensis is distributed adjacent to L. mascarensis in the east and L. yahyaouii and L. guercifensis in the west. It is distinguished from L. guercifensis by having thin barbels (vs. thick), the rostral-barbel origin placed clearly behind the tip of the snout (vs. rostral-barbel origin at the extreme anterior of the snout) and from L. mascarensis, L. yahyaouii and L. leptopogon, by having a wider interorbital distance (38���47% HL vs. 36���40 in L. mascarensis, 33���40 in L. yahyaouii, 36���39 in L. leptopogon) and a longer pectoral-fin (21���24% SL vs. 16���21 in L. mascarensis, 18���21 in L. yahyaouii). It is further distinguished from L. chelifensis, L. leptopogon and L. mascarensis by having 43���45+1���3 lateral line scales (vs. 41���43+ 1���2 in L. chelifensis and L. leptopogon, usually 41+ 1���2 in L. mascarensis) (Table 8). The new species is distinguished from L. callensis, L. chelifensis and L. rifensis by having the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along 2/3 of its length (vs. last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along almost its entire length) and a longer anal-fin (19���23% SL vs. 17���19 in L. callensis and L. chelifensis, 16���19 in L. rifensis). The new species is distinguished from L. leptopogon and L. setivimensis by having a greater pre-dorsal distance (53��� 59% SL vs. 49���52 in L. leptopogon, 47���52 in L. setivimensis). Description. See Figures 3���5 for general appearance. Morphometric data are given in Table 2 and meristic data in Tables 7 and 8. Middle sized and stout species, with a moderately long head. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin. Depth decreasing continuously towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width between pectoral and dorsal- fin origins. Caudal peduncle compressed, 1.3���1.5 times longer than deep. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface. Snout rounded. Mouth inferior. Dorsal-fin origin situated above pelvic-fin origin. Anal-fin origin at vertical of 50���60% of distance between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Anal fin reaching to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin reaching 70���80% of distance between pectoral-fin and pelvic-fin origins. Pelvic fin not reaching vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray when folded down. Pelvic fin reaching to about 70���90% of distance between pelvic and analfin origins. Posterior dorsal-fin margin slightly concave. Posterior pectoral- and anal-fin margins convex. Caudal fin forked with rounded lobes of equal length. Largest known specimen 150 mm SL, but expected to grow larger. Dorsal fin with 4 unbranched and 8�� branched rays, last unbranched ray ossified and serrated at 2/3 of its length. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Pectoral-fin with 14���17 (mode 16) and pelvic fin with 8 rays. Lateral line with 43���45 scales on flank and 1���3 scales on caudal-fin base. Between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 8�����9�� (mode 8��) scale rows, and 5�����6�� (mode 5��) scale rows between pelvic-fin origin and lateral line. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows: 4+3+2. On first gill arch, 3-4 gill rakers on the on the upper and 8 on lower limb. Coloration. Brown yellowish-golden in life and preserved individuals without colour pattern. Head golden, cheeks and ventral side of head and body whitish. In life, fins orange. Etymology. Luciobarbus lanigarensis is named for Lanigar, the old name of Ouajda province, given by Claudius Ptolemaeus (100-170). An adjective. Distribution. Luciobarbus lanigarensis was found in the Isly River in northestern Morocco, which is a headwater stream of the Tafna River. The Tafna River drainage is situated in the border area between Algeria and Morocco, having its estuary in Algeria close to the city of Tlemcen. Therefore, we expect L. lanigarensis to be found in Algeria also. See Figure 2 (L. lanigarensis are Nr. 28���29) for the distribution of Luciobarbus species from the African Mediterranean Sea basin., Published as part of Brahimi, Amina, Libois, Roland, Henrard, Arnaud & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Luciobarbus lanigarensis and L. numidiensis, two new species of barbels from the Mediterranean Sea basin in North Africa (Teostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 542-560 in Zootaxa 4433 (3) on pages 547-551, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1290437

Luciobarbus numidiensis, new species (Figs. 6���8) Holotype. RMCA 2017-022 -P-0004, 140 mm SL; Algeria: Mila prov.: Oued El-K��bir at Hammam Beni Haroun, 36.6053��N, 6.2783��E. Paratypes. RMCA 2017-022 -P-0001-0007, 6, 99��� 162 mm SL; same data as holotype.��� RMCA 2017-022 -P- 0008-0011, 4, 45��� 78 mm SL; Algeria: Jijel prov.: Oued Saleh at Borj Bou Akkaz, 36.4915��N, 5.8894��E. ��� RMCA 2017-022 -P-0012-0018, 5, 73��� 150 mm SL; ZFMK ICH-105604-105605, 2, 100��� 109 mm SL; Algeria: Mila prov.: Oued El-K��bir at Hammam Beni Haroun, 36.6053��N, 6.2783��E. Material for molecular analyses. RMCA DNA-2017-022 -P-NH1-NH6, same data as holotype (GenBank accession numbers: Cyt b: MH187177, MH187179, MH187182, MH187183, MH187187; D-loop: MH187200, MH187203, MH187205, MH187206, MH187210).��� RMCA DNA-2017-022 -P-NH16-NH27, Algeria: Mila prov.: Beni-Haroun reservoir at Oued El-K��bir, 36.3319, 6.1611 (GenBank accession numbers: Cyt b: MH187175, MH187176, MH187178, MH187180, MH187181, MH187184, MH187185, MH187186, MH187188; D-loop: MH187198, MH187199, MH187201, MH187202, MH187204, MH187207, MH187208, MH187209, MH187211). Diagnosis. Luciobarbus numidiensis is distinguished from other Luciobarbus species from the African Mediterranean Sea basin, by a combination of characters, none of them unique. Luciobarbus numidiensis is distributed adjacent to L. callensis in the east and L. setivimensis in the west. It is distinguished from L. callensis by having a longer anal-fin (19���23% SL vs. 16���19%), a wider anal-fin base (6.5���10% SL vs. 6.5���8) and a longer distance between the pectoral and pelvic-fin origins (27���30% SL vs. 22��� 29). The new species is distinguished from L. setivimensis by the having a longer pectoral-fin (74���94% HL vs. 69��� 84), a longer pre-dorsal length (49���55% SL vs. 46���52), a wider caudal peduncle depth (12���14% SL vs. 11���13) and a smaller eye diameter (11���22% HL vs. 11���28%). The new species is distinguished from L. guercifensis by having thin barbels (vs. thick), the rostral-barbel origin placed clearly behind the tip of the snout (vs. rostral-barbel origin at the extreme anterior of the snout). It is distinguished from L. chelifensis, L. mascarensis and L. leptopogon by having 43���47+1���2 lateral line scales (vs. 41���43+ 1���2 in L. chelifensis and L. leptopogon, usually 41+ 1���2 in L. mascarensis) (Table 8). Luciobarbus numidiesis is further distinguished from L. chelifensis and L. rifensis hy having a longer anal fin (19���22% SL vs. 17���19 in L. chelifensis, 16���19 in L. rifensis). The new species is distinguished from L. leptopogon by having a greater caudal peduncle depth (12���14% SL vs. 10���13) and from L. yahyaouii by having a longer distance between the pelvic and anal-fin origins (23���26% SL vs. 20���24). It is also distinguished from L. mascarensis, L. lanigarensis and L. yahyaouii by having a shorter pre-dorsal length (48���55% SL vs. 53���58 in L. mascarensis, 54���59 in L. lanigarensis, 53���57 in L. yahyaouii). The new species is also distinguished from L. lanigarensis by having a smaller pre-pelvic length (49���56% SL vs. 55���60%), a greater post-orbital length (46���52% HL vs. 42���48) and the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray ossified and serrated at 2/3 of its length (vs. last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along almost its entire length). Description. See Figures 6���8 for general appearance. Morphometric data are given in Table 3 and meristic data in Table 7 and 8. A large-sized species with a moderately long head. Body deepest at dorsal-fin origin or about midline between nape and dorsal-fin origin. Depth decreasing continuously towards caudal-fin base. Greatest body width in front of dorsal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle compressed, 1.2���1.5 times longer than deep. Section of head roundish, flattened on ventral surface. Snout rounded. Mouth inferior. Dorsal-fin origin situated above pelvic-fin origin. Anal-fin origin slightly behind vertical of middle between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Anal-fin origin slightly behind vertical of middle of distance between dorsal and caudal-fin origins. Anal fin reaching to caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin reaching 60���80% of distance between pectoral- and pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic fin not reaching vertical of tip of last dorsal-fin ray when folded down. Pelvic fin reaching to 60���90% of distance between pelvic and anal-fin origins. Posterior dorsal-fin margin straight or slightly concave. Posterior pectoral and anal-fin margins convex. Caudal fin forked with rounded lobes of equal length. Largest known specimen 430 mm SL. Dorsal fin with 4 or 5 unbranched and 8�� branched rays, last unbranched ray serrated along almost its entire length. Anal fin with 3 unbranched and 5�� branched rays. Pectoral-fin with 13���18 rays (mode 17) and pelvic fin with 8 rays. Lateral line with 43���47 scales on flank and 1���2 scales on caudal-fin base. Between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line 8�����9�� (mode 9��) scale rows and 5�����6�� (mode 5��) scale rows between pelvic-fin origin and lateral line. Pharyngeal teeth in three rows: 4+3+2. On first gill arch, 3-4 gill rakers on upperand 8-10 on lower limb. Coloration. In life, whitish-golden on belly, silvery-grey on flank and dark-grey on back. Head golden-grey and cheeks greenish-golden. All fins grey. Pectoral fin with a golden distal edge. Etymology. Luciobarbus numidiensis is named for Numidia, an ancient Berber kingdom, located in Algeria. The capital of Numidia was Cirta, the present city of Constantine. The El-Kebir River, the habitat of L. numidiensis, flows through Constantine. An adjective. Distribution. Luciobarbus numidiensis was found in the El-K��bir River and in the Beni Haroun reservoir, both belonging to the El-K��bir River drainage in northestern Algeria. See Figure 2 (L. numidiensis are Nr. 10���12) for the distribution of Luciobarbus species in the African Mediterranean Sea basin. Remarks. Luciobarbus numidiensis occurs north of the range of L. biscarensis, which is found in the rivers of the Algerian Sahara. It is distinguished from this species by having 43���47+1���2 lateral line scales (vs. 49���51+1���2), 5�����6�� scale rows between the lateral line and the pelvic-fin origin (vs. 7�����8��), 4 at 5 unbranched dorsal-fin rays (vs. 5), the dorsal-fin origin situated above the pelvic-fin origin (vs. behind), a longer anal fin (19���22% SL vs. 17��� 19) and a more wider interorbital distance (37���43% HL vs. 31���39). Luciobarbus numidiensis is quite variable in the serration of the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray. Specimens collected from the Beni-Haroun reservoir have the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along 2/3 of its length with sparsely set denticulations while fish collected from the El-K��bir River have the last unbranched dorsal-fin ray serrated along almost its entire length with densely set denticulations., Published as part of Brahimi, Amina, Libois, Roland, Henrard, Arnaud & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Luciobarbus lanigarensis and L. numidiensis, two new species of barbels from the Mediterranean Sea basin in North Africa (Teostei: Cyprinidae), pp. 542-560 in Zootaxa 4433 (3) on pages 551-555, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4433.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/1290437

Key to species in the Aphanius anatoliae group The key is largely based on the colour pattern of adult, nuptial males. It might be difficult to differentially diagnose immature individuals and individuals out of the spawning season. 1a Scales on back and belly usually absent, scales absent or rare on flank in one species; usually 1���3 lines of large, not or only slightly overlapping scales on mid-lateral flank.............................................................. 2 1b Body completely covered with overlapping scales............................................................ 5 2a Lateral-head profile almost quadratic, lower jaw large, directing upward; body depth 4.0���5.3 times in standard length...... 3 2b Lateral-head profile triangular or rounded, lower jaw small, directing forward; body depth 3.2���4.2 times in standard length.. 4 3a No or few isolated scales on flank; black bars wider at dorsal part in male, narrower in ventral region............ A. saldae 3b 38���46 total, overlapping scales along lateral series; male with black bars regularly shaped, not wider at dorsal part..................................................................................................... A. splendens 4a Caudal peduncle depth 11���14% SL; head depth at nape 61���69% SL; head width at nape 51���60% SL; nuptial males with grey dorsal-fin base............................................................................... A. sureyanus 4b Caudal peduncle depth 16���18% SL; head depth at nape 68���75% SL; head width at nape 62���74% SL; nuptial males with completely black dorsal fin...................................................................... A. transgrediens 5a Male with irregularly set and shaped, dark-brown bars, bars with white spots or vermiculate pattern, some large individuals plain dark-grey with some yellow blotches........................................................ A. irregularis 5b Male with regularly set and shaped dark-brown or black bars, without white spots in bars............................ 6 6a Male with a completely black anal fin or anal fin white with a wide black margin, without black bands or blotches.................................................................................................... A. fontinalis 6b Male with yellow or white anal fin with a narrow black margin, usually with 1���5 black bands or rows of blotches.......... 7 7a Male with 4���14 vertical rows of small black or brown spots on caudal fin; male with 13���25 narrow brown bars on body; female larger than 40 mm SL usually without back spots or blotches on flank except one bold black blotch at middle of hypural..................................................................................... A. villwocki 7b Male with 1���4 bold black vertical bars on caudal fin; male with 5���13 black bars on body; female with bold back spots or/and blotches on flank...................................................................................... 8 8 Male with black dorsal-fin origin, dorsal fin with black distal margin and white proximal band or with a proximal row of white spots or blotches distinctly or slightly above dorsal base....................................................... 9 8b Male with hyaline or white dorsal-fin base, dorsal fin completely black or with greyish or black distal margin and a white line or row of white spots at dorsal-fin base or very slightly above.................................................. 10 9a Male with wide, white proximal band in black dorsal; last lateral bar in male regularly shaped, not fused with penultimate bar............................................................................................... A. iconii, Published as part of Yo��urt��uo��lu, Baran & Freyhof, J��rg, 2018, Aphanius irregularis, a new killifish from south-western Anatolia (Cyprinodontiformes: Aphaniidae), pp. 319-330 in Zootaxa 4410 (2) on page 320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4410.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/3066618

Romanogobio vladykovi : NMW 98446, 1, 82 mm SL; Austria: Mur near Obervogau. ��� NMW 98435 ���98436, 2, 69��� 78 mm SL; Austria: Danube near Engelhartszell, 48.507��N 13.731��E. ��� NMW 96525, 1, 98 mm SL; Austria: Drava near Lavam��nd. ��� NMW 96523, 1, 76 mm SL; Austria: Mur near Bad Radkersburg., Published as part of Friedrich, Thomas, Wiesner, Christian, Zangl, Lukas, Daill, Daniel, Freyhof, J��rg & Koblm��ller, Stephan, 2018, Romanogobio skywalkeri, a new gudgeon (Teleostei: Gobionidae) from the upper Mur River, Austria, pp. 336-350 in Zootaxa 4403 (2) on page 347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4403.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1212280