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Additional file 1: Supplementary Material. Supplementary Methods. Supplementary Results. Supplementary Table 1. Levetiracetam plasma level. Supplementary Table 2. Side effects related to study drug levetiracetam. Supplementary Table 3. Results of the post-hoc analysis for the mean differences between Pre-Op and Baseline timepoints for NeuroCogFX scores. Supplementary Table 4. Results of the post-hoc analysis for the mean differences between Follow-Up and Baseline timepoints for NeuroCogFX scores. Supplementary Table 5. Estimated marginal means and post-hoc analysis for QOLIE31 subtest scores and overall score for all timepoints from the linear mixed model. Supplementary Table 6. Estimated marginal means for NeuroCog FX subtest-, domain-, performance- and Total scores for all timepoints, subdivided by main effects “time” and “neurosurgical procedure”. Supplementary Table 7. Estimated marginal means for NeuroCog FXsubtest scores, domain scores, performance scores and Total score for all timepoints, subdivided by maineffects (time, hemisphere) and interaction effect (time*hemisphere). Supplementary Figure1. Constitution of different scores of neuropsychological test battery NeuroCog-FX. Supplementary Figure 2. Levetiracetam plasma level and occurred seizures. Levetiracetam levels were measured one day before surgery (Pre-Op timepoint, two days after onset) and three days after surgery (Post-Op timepoint, six days after onset).The starting dose of levetiracetam was 2x500 mg on the first day, was escalated to 2 x 1000 mg on the second day and was maintained at this dose for overall nine days. Two patients each, who had a seizure three days post-surgery, are marked with blackpoints. Supplementary Figure 3. Severity of hematotoxicity markers in relative percentage. Values were measured one week after surgery. Grading according to National Cancer Institute – Common Terminology Criteria of Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 (Grade 0 = within the normal range, Grade 1 = mild, Grade 2 = moderate, Grade 3 = severe, Grade 4 = life threatening). n = 43 in hemoglobin, thrombocytes and leukocytes; n = 39 in lymphocytes. Hemoglobin(g/dL): M, 12.24; SD, 1.43; range, 4.80-50. Thrombocytes(g/L): M, 221.5; SD, 86.71; range, 51-427. Leukocytes(g/L): M, 11.32; SD, 3.66; range, 3.5-20.7. Lymphocytes(g/L): M, 1.8; SD, 1.32; range, 0.3-7.92. Supplementary Figure 4. Frequency of patients reporting side effects related to study drug Levetiracetam in absolute percentage across four time points. If a patient reported an adverse reaction more than once and the CTCAE grade differed, the higher severity grade was selected. None of the patients reported side effects regarding abdominal pain, concentration impairment, amnestic aphasia, aggression, anxiety, nightmare, or tinnitus.