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5. List of contributors

Author

Agullo, Jose Luis, primary, Amassian, Vahe E., additional, Arle, Jeffrey E., additional, Arranz, Beatriz Arranz, additional, Balzer, Jeffrey R., additional, Bello, Lorenzo, additional, Borghei, Alireza, additional, Boström, Azize, additional, Bricolo, Albino, additional, Brinzeu, Andrei, additional, Candocia, Alexander, additional, Chudy, Darko, additional, Climent, Alejandra, additional, Coscujuela, Antonio, additional, Crammond, Donald J., additional, de Meo, Federico, additional, Deletis, Vedran, additional, Dinkel, Michael, additional, D’Amico, Alberto, additional, Epstein, Fred, additional, Fernández-Conejero, Isabel, additional, Ferreira, Carla Araujo, additional, Fontes, Ricardo B.V., additional, Fornia, Luca, additional, Frank, Nicole, additional, Freundl, Brigitta, additional, Gay, Lorenzo, additional, Georgoulis, George, additional, Giampiccolo, Davide, additional, Goto, Tetsuya, additional, Guiroy, Alfredo, additional, Haberl, Hannes, additional, Happel, Leo, additional, Hofstoetter, Ursula S., additional, Holdefer, Robert N., additional, Kline, David, additional, Kochanski, Ryan, additional, Kodama, Kunihiko, additional, Koht, Antoun, additional, Kothbauer, Karl F., additional, Leonetti, Antonella, additional, Levitin, Gregory, additional, MacDonald, David B., additional, Malcharek, Michael J., additional, Minassian, Karen, additional, Møller, Aage R., additional, Morota, Nobuhito, additional, Moul, Marina, additional, Neuloh, Georg, additional, Ney, John P., additional, Nibali, Marco Conti, additional, Niimi, Yasunari, additional, Parisi, Cristiano, additional, Pasquali, Claudia, additional, Pessina, Federico, additional, Puglisi, Guglielmo, additional, Raabe, Andreas, additional, Raguž, Marina, additional, Ribas, Manuel, additional, Riva, Marco, additional, Rossi, Marco, additional, Sala, Francesco, additional, Sani, Sepehr, additional, Schneider, Gerhard, additional, Schramm, Johannes, additional, Sciortino, Tommaso, additional, Seidel, Kathleen, additional, Sekula, Raymond F., additional, Shils, Jay L., additional, Sinclair, Catherine F., additional, Sindou, Marc, additional, Skinner, Stanley A., additional, Sloan, Tod B., additional, Stecker, Mark M., additional, Szelényi, Andrea, additional, Téllez, Maria J., additional, Thirumala, Parthasarathy, additional, Toleikis, J. Richard, additional, Tramontano, Vincenzo, additional, Ulkatan, Sedat, additional, Urriza, Javier, additional, van der Goes, David N., additional, Vodušek, David B., additional, and Zubak, Irena, additional

Published
2020
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7. Rare phenomena of central rhythm and pattern generation in a case of complete spinal cord injury.

Author

Minassian, Karen, Bayart, Aymeric, Lackner, Peter, Binder, Heinrich, Freundl, Brigitta, and Hofstoetter, Ursula S.

Subjects
SPINAL cord injuries, CENTRAL pattern generators, QUADRUPEDALISM, SPASMS, RHYTHM, HINDLIMB
Abstract

Lumbar central pattern generators (CPGs) control the basic rhythm and coordinate muscle activation underlying hindlimb locomotion in quadrupedal mammals. The existence and function of CPGs in humans have remained controversial. Here, we investigated a case of a male individual with complete thoracic spinal cord injury who presented with a rare form of self-sustained rhythmic spinal myoclonus in the legs and rhythmic activities induced by epidural electrical stimulation (EES). Analysis of muscle activation patterns suggested that the myoclonus tapped into spinal circuits that generate muscle spasms, rather than reflecting locomotor CPG activity as previously thought. The EES-induced patterns were fundamentally different in that they included flexor-extensor and left-right alternations, hallmarks of locomotor CPGs, and showed spontaneous errors in rhythmicity. These motor deletions, with preserved cycle frequency and period when rhythmic activity resumed, were previously reported only in animal studies and suggest a separation between rhythm generation and pattern formation. Spinal myoclonus and the EES-induced activity demonstrate that the human lumbar spinal cord contains distinct mechanisms for generating rhythmic multi-muscle patterns. The existence of dedicated spinal circuits generating locomotion in humans has remained controversial. Here, the authors study distinct forms of spontaneous and induced rhythmic leg activity in a paralyzed individual, providing insight into spinal rhythmogenesis and pattern formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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