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3. Scientific Proceedings Second International Symposium on Cytostatic Drug Resistance

Author

Hill, Bridget T., Hosking, L. K., McClean, S., Shellard, S. A., Dempke, W. C. M., Whelan, R. D. H., Sehested, M., Friche, E., Demant, E. J. F., Jensen, P. B., Kopnin, B. P., Wolf, B., Seidel, A., Nickelsen, M., Brandt, I., Heinemann, G., Dietel, M., Bremer, S., Hoof, T., Tümmler, B., Broxterman, H. J., Versantvoort, C. H. M., Kuiper, C. M., Feller, N., Schuurhuis, G. J., Lankelma, J., Gupta, S., Tsuruo, T., Kim, C., Gollapudi, S., Bittl, A., Nap, M., Jäger, W., Lathan, B., Lang, N., Raikhlin, N. T., Perevozchikov, A. G., Volodina, J. L., Licht T., Fiebig H. H., Bross K. J., Herrmann F., Mertelsmann R., Bashir, I., Sikora, K., Foster, C. S., Castagna, M., Viacava, P., Cianfrigliao, M., Favati, A., Collecchi, P., Caligo, M. A., Cipollini, G., Bevilacqua, G., Schrenk, D., Gant, T. W., Silverman, J. A., Thorgeirsson, S. S., Harstrick, A., Zhang, Z. G., Schmoll, H. J., Rustum, Y., Mitze, M., Beck, T., Weikel, W., Brumm, C., Knapstein, P. G., McDonald, T., Gardner, P., Kang, N., van der Heyden, S. A. M., Elst, H. J., Stein, U., Jandrig, B., Krause, H., Schmidt-Peter, P., Frege, J., Wunderlich, V., Boven, E., van Kalken, C. K., Pinedo, H. M., Gebauer, W., Fallgren-Gebauer, E., Diete, M., Wagner, T., Müller, M. R., Lennartz, K., Nowrousian, H. R., Seeber, S., Shtil, A. A., Kazarov, A. R., Gudkov, A. V., Stavrovskaya, A. A., Djuraeva, F. H., Stromskaya, T. P., Noller, A., Frese, G., Neumann, M., Wilisch, A., Probst, H., Gekeler, V., Handgretinger, R., Schmidt, H., Muller, C. P., Dopfer, R., Klingebiel, T., Niethammer, D., Weger, S., Diddens, H., Daumiller, E., Bunge, A., Lilischkis, R., Salmassi, A., Kopun M., Scherthan H., Granzow C., Leuschner, I., Schmidt, D., Hoffmann, H., Harms, D., Scagliotli, G. V., Leonardo, E., Cappia, S., Esposito, G., Tombesi, M., Cianfriglia, M., Esposito, G. V., Merendino, N., Viora, M., Caserta, M., Tritarelli, E., Rocca, E., Boccoli, G., Samoggia, P., Fossati, C., Testa, U., Peschle, C., Darling, J. L., Ashmore, S. M., Peterson, D. C., Thomas, D. G. T., Kramer, R. A., Stanlunas, R., Summerhayes, T., Lion, T., Shoemaker, R. H., Wu, L., Smythe, A., Boyd, M. R., Beck, W. T., Danks, M. K., Wolverton, J. S., Chen, M., Bugg, B. Y., Suttle, D. P., Catapano, C. V., Fernandes, D. J., Gieseler, F., Boege, F., Erttmann, R., Arps, H., Zwelling, L., Wilms, K., Biersack, H., Kaspers, G. J. L., Pieters, R., Klumper, E., de Waal, F. C., van Wering, E. R., Veerman, A. J. P., Schmidt, C. A., Lorenz, F., Schäfer, A., Kirsch, A., Siegert, W., Huhn, D., Simon, W. E., Siebert, G., Schneider, M., Oettling, M., Reymann, A., Entmann, R., Schmidt, S., Woermann, C., Windmeier, C., Herzig, I., Schaefer, B., Heidebrecht, H. J., Wacker, H. H., Künnemann, H., van Heijningen, Th. H. M., Slovak, M. L., Baak, J. P. A., Steidtmann, K., Fichtinger-Schepman, A. -M. J., Hill, B. I., Scanlon, K. J., Zeller, W. J., Chen, G., Gietema, J. A., de Vries, E. G. E, Sleijfer, D.Th, Willemse, P. H. B., Guchelaar, H. J., Uges, D. R. A., Aulenbacher, P., Voegeli, R., Mulder, N. H., Skrezek, C., Bertermann, H., Eichholtz-Wirth, H., Born, R., Bier, H., Koch, M., Bernhardt, G., Hählen, K., Reile, H., van Zantwijk, C. H., Wering, E. R. van, Görögh, T., Lippert, B., Werner, J. A., Eickbohm, J. E., Mickiseh, G. H., Gottesman, M. M., Pastan, I., Hofmann, J., Wolf, A., Spitaler, M., Bock, G., Grunicke, H., Ponstingl, H., Roth, I., Granzow, C., Dörner, C., Erttmann, R., Looft, G., Ossenkoppele, G. J., Scheffer, G. L., Atassi, G., Pierre, A., Kraus, L., Leonce, S., Regnier, G., Dhainaut, A., Ponstingl H., Stöhr M., Rohlff, C., Glazer, R. I., Cho-Chung, Y. S., Höllt, V., Kouba, M., Vogt, G., Allmeier, H., Nissen, N. I., Cros, S., Guilbaud, N., Dunn, T., Berlion, M., Atassi, G., Bizzari, J. P., Messing, A. M., Matuschek, A., Mutter, I., Kiwit, J. C. W., Bastian, L., Goretzki, P. E., Frilling, A., Simon, D., Röher, H. D., Reichle, A., Altmayr, F., Rastetter, J., Erbil, C., Jaques, G., Maasberg, M., Havemann, K., Häußermann, K., Heidebrecht, H. -J., Van de Vrie, W., Gheuens, E. E. O., Durante, N. M. C., De Bruijn, E. A., Marquet, R. L., Van Oosterom, A. T., Eggermont, A. M. M., Stow, M. W., Vickers, S. E., Warr, J. R., Roller, E., Eichelbaum, M., Klumpp, B., Krause, J., Schumacher, K., Hörner, S., Laßmann, A., Traugott, U., Schlick, E., Bürkle, D., Futscher BW, List AF, Dalton WS, Ladda, E., Bühl, K., Weimer, A., Eser, C., Hamprecht, K., Schalk, K. P., Jackisch, C., Brandt, B., Blum, M., Louwen, F., Schulz, K., Hanker, J. P., Rüther, U., Schmidt, A., Müller, H. A. G., Nunnensiek, C., Bader, H., Eisenberger, F., Jipp, P., Niethammer, B., Muller, C., Ling, V., Joncourt, F., Redmond, S., Stöhr, M., Buser, K., Fey, M., Tobler, A., Brunner, K., Gratwohl, A., Cerrry, T., Nuessler, V., Pelka-Fleischer, R., Nerl, C., Beckert, B., Wilmanns, W., Hegewisch-Becker, S., Fliegner, M., Zander, A., Hossfeld, D. K., Blanz, J., Mewes, K., Ehninger, G., Zeller, K. -P., Schuldes, H., Herrmann, G., Boeckmann, W., Schroeder, R., Jonas, D., Zurborn, K. -H., Bruhn, H. D., Uharek, L., Glass, B., Gassmann, W., Loeffler, H., Mueller-Ruohholtz, W., Gassmann W., Glass B., Uharek L., Loeffler H., Mueller-Ruchholtz W., Jaquet, K., Kreipe, H., Felgner, J., Radzun, H. J., Parwaresch, M. R., Kogan EA, Mazurenko NN, Sekamova SM, Wolf, H., Röhe, K., Wilkens, K., Clausen, M., Henze, E., van der Bosch, J., Rüller, S., Schlaak, M., Köhl, U., Schwabe, D., Rohrbach, E., Montag, E., Bauer, S., Cinatl, J., Cinatl, Jr, I., Mainke, M., Geiss, H., Kornhuber, B., Juhl, H., Stritzel, H., Kalhoff, H., Schniegel, W., Menke, T., Pröbsting, B., Schulze-Westhoff, P., Boos, J., Weidner, J., Wedemeyer, N., Wiedorn, K., Ueda, Y., Blasius, S., Wuisman, P., Böcker, W., Roessner, A., Dockhorn-Dworniczak, B., Ramm, D., Knebel, J., Sass, W., Aufderheide, M., and Seifert, J.

Published
1991
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7. Specific absorption rate as a poor indicator of magnetic resonance-related implant heating.

Author

Nitz WR, Brinker G, Diehl D, and Frese G

Subjects
Body Burden, Burns prevention & control, Germany, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Prosthesis Failure, Radiation Injuries prevention & control, Radiation Protection standards, Radiometry standards, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Burns etiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging adverse effects, Radiation Injuries etiology, Radiation Protection methods, Radiometry methods
Abstract

Recent publications of the magnetic resonance safety profile of neurostimulators, cardiac pacemakers, and other implanted devices imply that these devices are no longer a contraindication for magnetic resonance imaging. It is very promising that patients who have these implanted devices may in the future no longer be denied an important diagnostic modality. On the other hand, the safety recommendations given in a number of publications included the maximum permissible whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR). This is one factor indicating potential heating, but there are a number of other factors that may have an even higher impact on the potential heating of tissue in the vicinity of leads or implanted devices. Using only the whole-body SAR as a recommendation for a safety profile is potentially dangerous.

Published
2005
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8. [Safety and safety limits in MRI].

Author

Frese G and Oppelt A

Subjects
Electromagnetic Fields, Humans, Reproducibility of Results, Safety, Magnetic Resonance Imaging standards
Abstract

The influence of electromagnetic fields on humans through the use of magnetic resonance tomography is an ongoing topic in the scientific literature. However, the contents of relevant standards and legal regulations governing the operation of MR equipment are less well known. We summarize the actual status and give an overview of the national and international bodies in charge of generation and publication of guidelines and regulations.

Published
2003
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9. Comparison of the threshold for peripheral nerve stimulation during gradient switching in whole body MR systems.

Author

Den Boer JA, Bourland JD, Nyenhuis JA, Ham CL, Engels JM, Hebrank FX, Frese G, and Schaefer DJ

Subjects
Adult, Electric Stimulation instrumentation, Humans, Least-Squares Analysis, Magnetic Resonance Imaging instrumentation, Electric Stimulation methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Peripheral Nerves physiology
Abstract

Purpose: To compare thresholds for peripheral nerve stimulation from gradient switching in whole body magnetic resonance (MR) equipment of different design., Materials and Methods: Threshold data obtained in three experiments were reformatted into a single joint data set describing thresholds for anterio-posterior (AP) gradient orientation and Echo Planar Imaging (EPI) waveforms with bipolar ramp times between 0.07 and 1.2 ms. Reformatting included the use of: a) the rate of change of the maximum field in the patient space as a measure of gradient output, b) lowest observable thresholds, c) lognormal distribution of thresholds, and d) equal standard deviation (SD) of all samples., Results: The joint data fit a hyperbolic threshold function. The residues were not significantly different between experiments., Conclusion: Then expressed in appropriate format, the thresholds for peripheral nerve stimulation in volunteers for whole body MR equipment can be described with a hyperbolic threshold curve with rheobase 18.8 +/- 0.6 Tesla/second and chronaxie 0.36 +/- 0.02 milliseconds., (Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2002
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10. Susceptibility of multidrug-resistant human leukemia cell lines to human interleukin 2-activated killer cells.

Author

Kimmig A, Gekeler V, Neumann M, Frese G, Handgretinger R, Kardos G, Diddens H, and Niethammer D

Subjects
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, Antigens, CD7, Antigens, Differentiation immunology, Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte immunology, Drug Resistance, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Histocompatibility Antigens immunology, Humans, Leukemia genetics, Leukemia immunology, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Lewis X Antigen, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics, Phenotype, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Verapamil pharmacology, Immunotherapy, Adoptive, Interleukin-2 pharmacology, Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated physiology, Leukemia therapy
Abstract

Considering the possibility to overcome drug resistance by other treatment strategies than chemotherapy we investigated the susceptibility of three independently selected multidrug-resistant sublines of the T-lymphoblastoid leukemic cell line CCRF-CEM to lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. We found that two of the multidrug-resistant sublines were significantly less susceptible targets to LAK cells. A third one, however, was as susceptible as the parental CCRF-CEM cell line. Moreover, a multidrug-resistant subline that reverted to an almost drug-sensitive phenotype was observed to be also revertant for resistance against LAK cells. We found an inverse relationship between the expression of the mdr1 gene (P-glycoprotein) and the susceptibility to LAK cells. Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, while increasing the drug sensitivity of a multidrug-resistant subline, did not induce a reversal of the suppression of LAK susceptibility. The possibility of enhanced resistance to LAK cells of multidrug-resistant cells should be taken into account when one is looking for therapy strategies to overcome multidrug resistance.

Published
1990

11. Expression of a P-glycoprotein gene is inducible in a multidrug-resistant human leukemia cell line.

Author

Gekeler V, Frese G, Diddens H, and Probst H

Subjects
ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1, Cell Line, DNA analysis, Dactinomycin pharmacology, Doxorubicin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Humans, Uridine metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Leukemia genetics, Membrane Glycoproteins genetics
Abstract

A human T lymphoblastoid CCRF-CEM cell line exhibiting cross resistance to a variety of drugs was selected with increasing doses of actinomycin D. A subline, designated CCRF ACTD400+, was permanently cultured in the presence of 400 ng/ml Actinomycin D for several months. Using a fragment of the human mdr1 cDNA we found high expression of a 5 kb mRNA species which was not detectable in the sensitive parental CCRF-CEM cell line. The extent of the mdr-mRNA expression in resistant cells, however, depended on the presence or absence of actinomycin D in the culture medium: when the inhibitor was omitted, the expression decreased to about 60% after one month. In reverse, the steady state level of the P-glycoprotein mRNA increased about 2.5-fold within 72 h after the original dose of the drug was added again. In further experiments we recorded the actinomycin D or adriamycin dose response curves of the variously treated sublines by evaluation of [3H]uridine or [3H]thymidine incorporation, respectively, into acid insoluble material. Consistently, the drug sensitivity of the respective macromolecular synthesis was found to decrease with increasing mdr-mRNA levels.

Published
1988
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12. Resistance to methotrexate and multidrug resistance in childhood malignancies.

Author

Niethammer D, Diddens H, Gekeler V, Frese G, Handgretinger R, Henze G, Schmidt H, and Probst H

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Burkitt Lymphoma drug therapy, Child, DNA, Neoplasm isolation & purification, Drug Resistance genetics, Female, Humans, Infant, Leukemia drug therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Osteosarcoma drug therapy, RNA, Neoplasm isolation & purification, Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase metabolism, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Methotrexate pharmacology, Neoplasms drug therapy
Abstract

Resistance to drugs, either primary or acquired, is a main problem in cancer chemotherapy. The paper summarizes our results in regard to resistance to methotrexate and multiple drug resistance in human cell lines of pediatric malignancies and in children with resistant cancer. In cell lines as well as in children we could demonstrate amplification of the gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase as a cause for resistance to MTX. Procedures to overcome drug resistance such as treatment with high dose MTX and leucovorin rescue are discussed. The increased expression of the mdrl gene coding for the P-glycoprotein is related to multidrug resistance. This could be shown in cell lines and in children. The expression decreased when the drug, used for induction of resistance, was omitted for a few weeks from the cell culture medium. Readdition of the drug caused a rapid increase of expression. For the first time data in children are presented which demonstrate the amplification of the gene coding for dihydrofolate reductase or increased expression of the mdrl gene as cause of drug resistance. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Published
1989
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