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BackgroundStandard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). The proteasome has long been considered a promising therapeutic target because of its role as a central biological hub in tumor cells. Marizomib is a novel pan-proteasome inhibitor that crosses the blood-brain barrier.MethodsEuropean Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 1709/Canadian Cancer Trials Group CE.8 was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label phase 3 superiority trial. Key eligibility criteria included newly diagnosed glioblastoma, age > 18 years and Karnofsky performance status > 70. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) in patients receiving marizomib in addition to TMZ/RT→TMZ with patients receiving the only standard treatment in the whole population and in the subgroup of patients with MGMT promoter-unmethylated tumors.ResultsThe trial was opened at 82 institutions in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. A total of 749 patients (99.9% of the planned 750) were randomized. OS was not different between the standard and the marizomib arm (median 17 vs. 16.5 months; HR = 1.04; P = .64). PFS was not statistically different either (median 6.0 vs. 6.3 months; HR = 0.97; P = .67). In patients with MGMT promoter-unmethylated tumors, OS was also not different between standard therapy and marizomib (median 14.5 vs. 15.1 months, HR = 1.13; P = .27). More CTCAE grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in the marizomib arm than in the standard arm.ConclusionsAdding marizomib to standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy resulted in more toxicity, but did not improve OS or PFS in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

Over the last decade, innovative treatments have enlarged the therapeutic arsenal against NSCLC. Although there is clinical evidence supporting treatment options, controversy surrounds the impact of their combinations and sequence. The goal of this study was to fill this gap using real world data (Symphony Health).9676 Patients with a diagnosis of non-metastatic (NM) and metastatic (M) NSCLC between July 2016 and December 2016 were included and followed till December 2021. The following data were collected: diagnostic date, age, gender, comorbidities, metastases, treatments (SUrgery, RAdiotherapy, CHemotherapy, IMmunotherapy, and TArgeted therapies), sequence (L1-L4), and death. Treatment patterns (Sankey graphs), and outcomes (Kaplan-Meyer and Cox regressions) were derived.Amongst NM patients, the most frequently observed treatments were RA, IM, IM and CH in first, second, third and fourth lines respectively. In M patients, the most frequent treatments were CH, IM, IM, and IM in first, second, third and fourth lines respectively. The overall 5-years survival in the cohort was 23.7 % (36 % in NM, 16 % in M). The corresponding median survival time were 1.98 years (3.2 NM, 1.27 M). In NM, best median survival times were recorded for those with only one line SU. For patients who had 2 lines, CH→IM; 3 lines, CH→IM→CH. In M, best median survival times were recorded for those with only one line RA. For patients who had 2 lines CH→IM; 3 lines CH→IM→CH.These new insights could guide further studies and improve the management of patients with NSCLC.

This study reports secondary outcome analyses from a past study of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program for middle-school aged children. Middle school students (N = 697) were randomly assigned to PRP, PEP (an alternate intervention), or control conditions. Gillham et al., (2007) reported analyses examining PRP's effects on average and clinical levels of depression symptoms. We examine PRP's effects on parent-, teacher-, and self-reports of adolescents' externalizing and broader internalizing (depression/anxiety, somatic complaints, and social withdrawal) symptoms over three years of follow-up. Relative to no intervention control, PRP reduced parent-reports of adolescents' internalizing symptoms beginning at the first assessment after the intervention and persisting for most of the follow-up assessments. PRP also reduced parent-reported conduct problems relative to no-intervention. There was no evidence that the PRP program produced an effect on teacher- or self-report of adolescents' symptoms. Overall, PRP did not reduce symptoms relative to the alternate intervention, although there is a suggestion of a delayed effect for conduct problems. These findings are discussed with attention to developmental trajectories and the importance of interventions that address common risk factors for diverse forms of negative outcomes.

Recent research suggests that rumination may represent both a risk factor for and consequence of depression, especially among female samples. Nevertheless, few longitudinal studies have examined a reciprocal model of rumination and depression in early adolescence, just before rates of depression diverge by gender. The present study evaluated a cross-lagged path model of rumination and depression in a sample of 408 early adolescents. Gender moderation was also examined. Support was found for a longitudinal bidirectional model of rumination and depression but only among girls. For boys, increased rumination emerged as a consequence, not as a predictor, of depression symptoms. In early adolescence, rumination may be a greater risk factor for depression among girls than boys, whereas depression may be a significant vulnerability factor for increased rumination among both boys and girls. Why rumination may be more maladaptive for girls than boys is discussed within a psychosocial and developmental framework.

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We report the case of a female Shih-Tzu dog with chronic vomiting and hematemesis not responsive to symptomatic treatment. Due to the non-specific clinical signs, the patient underwent endoscopy and biopsy of the gastric mucosa. Histopathological analysis revealed atrophic gastritis, a disease rarely reported in dogs and characterized by the destruction of parietal cells of the mucosa and their replacement by fibrosis. This analysis allowed an adequate treatment based on the administration of corticosteroids by the anti-inflammatory effects and action in the regeneration of parietal cells, associated with a soft, hypoallergenic diet formulated with a low fat content, low digestible fibers, and high contents of complex carbohydrates, which resulted in the resolution of the clinical condition in a few weeks. In a second endoscopy, performed after eight months of treatment, the gastric mucosa presented a pink color, regardless of the degree of distension, no lesions or discontinuity points. Fragments were collected for histopathological analysis, which confirmed the recovery of gastric lesions and restoration of the macroscopically healthy mucosa. Most gastric diseases require histological analysis for a definitive diagnosis. In this context, endoscopy has brought unquestioned benefits to the patient since it allowed an accurate diagnosis with a quick and safe collection of gastric mucosa samples.

Hasta principios de esta década parecía que la agenda internacional de la cooperación para el desarrollo no era muy pertinente para América Latina. Esta percepción empezó a cambiar con las negociaciones en el seno de Naciones Unidas que llevaron a la Agenda 2030 de Desarrollo Sostenible. Este texto analiza cómo los países latinoamericanos intentan insertarse –de manera diferenciada– en la nueva agenda, destacando su perfil dual (receptor y proveedor/protagonista). Se abordan los factores explicativos, los distintos planteamientos (oficiales, de la sociedad civil y la academia), la incidencia de la región en la evolución de la agenda y se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre las perspectivas dentro del contexto regional actual. Se concluye que América Latina está mejor posicionada para asumir un papel activo, aunque se mantienen contradicciones en dicha agenda y limitaciones dentro de la misma región que pueden reducir el impacto de sus esfuerzos.

This study examined how social support seeking and rumination interacted to predict depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later in early adolescents (N = 118; 11-14 years at baseline). We expected social support seeking would be more helpful for adolescents engaging in low rather than high levels of rumination. Adolescents self-reported on all measures at baseline, and on depression and anxiety symptoms 6 months later. Social support seeking predicted fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety at low rumination levels but was not associated with benefits as rumination increased. For depression symptoms, social support seeking predicted "more" symptoms at high rumination levels. Results were stronger for emotion-focused than problem-focused support seeking and for depression compared with anxiety symptoms. These findings suggest that cognitive risk factors like rumination may explain some inconsistencies in previous social support literature, and highlight the importance of a nuanced approach to studying social support seeking.

Foi atendido na rotina clínica de um hospital veterinário, um cão, macho, da raça Schnauzer, criptorquida com massa em canal inguinal direito. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico para a retirada da massa, foi encontrada uma formação tubular a qual fazia a ligação entre essa massa e o testículo esquerdo. A análise histopatológica concluiu que a formação tubular tratava-se de tubas uterinas, a massa era o testículo direito com seminoma e sertolioma e o testículo esquerdo apresentava atrofia. A avaliação citogenética revelou cromossomos normais, do sexo masculino, 78, XY concluindo que se tratava de um pseudo-hermafrodita masculino.

The current study tested the prospective relations (6-month lag) between three aspects of the parent-child relationship at Time 1 (T1) and adolescents' explanatory styles at Time 2 (T2): caregiving behaviors, parents' explanatory style for their own negative events, and parents' explanatory style for their children's negative events. The sample included 129 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years at baseline and their parents. Adolescents reported on their own explanatory style and their parents' caregiving behaviors; parents self-reported on their caregiving behaviors and their explanatory style for their own and their children's events. Regression analyses identified maternal acceptance as a significant predictor of T2 adolescents' explanatory style. Marginal effects emerged for fathers' psychological control and fathers' explanatory style for their children's events. Findings suggest that the ways parents--especially mothers--interact with their children may play a role in adolescents' cognitive vulnerability to depression.

Relata-se o caso de uma cadela da raça Shih-Tzu com vômito crônico e hematêmese não responsivos ao tratamento sintomático. Devido aos sinais clínicos inespecíficos, a paciente foi submetida à endoscopia e biópsia da mucosa gástrica. A análise histopatológica revelou gastrite atrófica, doença raramente reportada em cães e caracterizada pela destruição das células parietais da mucosa e sua substituição por fibrose. Esta análise possibilitou o tratamento adequado, embasado na administração de corticosteróides, pelos efeitos antiinflamatórios e pela atuação na regeneração das células parietais, associada a uma dieta leve, hipoalergênica, formulada com baixos teores de gordura, pobre em fibras digeríveis e altos teores de carboidratos complexos, que resultou na resolução do quadro clínico em poucas semanas. Em uma segunda endoscopia, realizada após oito meses de tratamento, a mucosa gástrica se apresentava de coloração rósea, independentemente do grau de distensão, sem lesões ou pontos de descontinuidade. Foram colhidos fragmentos para análise histopatológica, que confirmou a recuperação das lesões gástricas e restabelecimento de mucosa macroscopicamente saudável. A maioria das doenças gástricas necessita de análise histológica para o diagnóstico definitivo. Neste contexto, a endoscopia trouxe benefícios incontestes à paciente, pois possibilitou o diagnóstico preciso com colheita de amostras de mucosa gástrica de forma rápida e segura.

Abstract The aim of this study were to detect antibodies anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi in two different populations of domestic cats (Felis catus domesticus) from North Paraná referred for surgical castration and to determine which characteristics of the animals studied may be associated with seropositivity. Serum samples from 679 cats were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in series. Associations between age, sex, race, year of care and animal group were verified using the simple logistic regression. Percentage of 8.5% (58/679) of cats were positive for Leishmania spp. and 7.6% (51/673) for T. cruzi by the tests ELISA and IFAT. Animals collected by non-governmental animal protection organizations presented more seropositivity for Leishmania spp. (p

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as estratégias dos enfermeiros do Instituto Nacional de Câncer para divulgação do seu capital científico e discutir os efeitos simbólicos capitalizados no campo da oncologia na década de 1980. Método: estudo histórico-social, cujas fontes primárias constituíram-se de documentos escritos e depoimentos orais e, as secundárias, de artigos e livros sobre o tema, fundamentado com os conceitos de capital científico e habitus do sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu. Resultados: evidenciou-se a efetiva atuação do enfermeiro desse Instituto nas políticas de prevenção e controle do câncer e das estratégias utilizadas no ensino de enfermagem em oncologia no curso de graduação. Concluiu-se que a Enfermagem destacou-se, nesse contexto, através da difusão do seu capital científico, como participante da construção de um campo científico da Enfermagem oncológica no Brasil, com destaque à ocupação de alguns espaços sociais importantes.

Increasing human-animal proximity has also increased risks of zoonotic disease transmission. This study measured the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii, anti-Leishmania spp. and anti-Leptospira spp. IgG antibodies in dogs and cats attended by the Birth Control Project (BCP) from 2004 to 2012 to determine which environmental variables were significantly associated with infectious agents in the study population. Blood samples from 271 dogs and 415 cats were collected by jugular or cephalic venipuncture for serological analysis. Indirect immunofluorescence assays were used to detect anti-T. gondii and anti-Leishmania spp. IgG antibodies and microscopic serum-agglutination tests were used to detect anti- Leptospira spp. antibodies. Data tabulation and statistical analyses were performed using EpiInfo (3.4.3). Among canine sera samples, 20.6% (56/271), 1.3% (3/236), and 21.6% (51/236) were positive for T. gondii, Leishmania spp., and Leptospira spp., respectively. Higher T. gondii prevalence was found in dogs of unknown breeding history (p=0.0009), those fed raw or undercooked meat (p=0.0101), and those that did not receive the polyvalent vaccine (p=0.0147). There was no statistically significant association between leishmaniosis and leptospirosis and variables evaluated in the epidemiological questionnaire. Among feline sera samples, 20.9% (87/415) were positive for T. gondii. The highest prevalence rates were observed in felines that hunted rodents (p=0.0388) and that consumed untreated water (p=0.0294). These results confirmed that ingestion of raw or undercooked meat, drinking untreated water, and predation of rodents were important risk factors for T. gondii infection. A low Leishmania spp. serodiagnostic prevalence was observed. The most frequent Leptospira spp. serovars were Copenhageni, Canicola, and Butembo.

Depression is a common psychological problem in adolescence. Recent research suggests that group cognitive-behavioral interventions can reduce and prevent symptoms of depression in youth. Few studies have tested the effectiveness of such interventions when delivered by school teachers and counselors (as opposed to research team staff). We evaluated the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program for adolescents (PRP-A), a school-based group intervention that targets cognitive behavioral risk factors for depression. We randomly assigned 408 middle school students (ages 10-15) to one of three conditions: PRP-A, PRP-AP (in which adolescents participated in PRP-A and parents were invited to attend a parent intervention component), or a school-as-usual control. Adolescents completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms, cognitive style, and coping at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and at 6-month follow-up. PRP-A reduced depression symptoms relative to the school as usual control. Baseline levels of hopelessness moderated intervention effects. Among participants with average and high levels of hopelessness, PRP (A and AP) significantly improved depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, hopelessness, and active coping relative to control. Among participants with low baseline hopelessness, we found no intervention effects. PRP-AP was not more effective than PRP-A alone. We found no intervention effects on clinical levels of depression or anxiety. These findings suggest that cognitive-behavioral interventions can be beneficial when delivered by school teachers and counselors. These interventions may be most helpful to students with elevated hopelessness. (Contains 5 tables and 3 figures.)

It is of major significance for geographical research a systemic analysis regarding the need to understand relationships and dynamics between society and nature. From this perspective, this paper makes a discussion on concepts of ecosystem and geosystem, aiming to present the geosystemic entity as a unique concept for the analysis of environmental dynamics in the geographical scope. This topic supported geographical science in understanding the structure, standard and operation of socio-environmental interactions, promoting interdisciplinary work, and extracting from the environment diagnosis and prognosis about geosystemic weaknesses and strengths in different temporal-spatial scales of analysis and complexity.

Las cumbres internacionales casi siempre provocan mucha desilusión (excepto entre los cínicos, algunos diplomáticos hiperrealistas y los indiferentes). En este sentido, no defraudó la II Cumbre de jefes de Estado y de Gobierno de la Unión Europea, América Latina y el Caribe, celebrada en Madrid los días 17 y 18 de mayo de 2002. La gran mayoría de los analistas independientes son escépticos si no son abiertamente críticos sobre los resultados de este foro entre los líderes de las dos regiones.

The authors investigated the effectiveness and specificity of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP; J. E. Gillham, L. H. Jaycox, K. J. Reivich, M. E. P. Seligman, & T. Silver, 1990), a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program. Children (N = 697) from 3 middle schools were randomly assigned to PRP, Control (CON), or the Penn Enhancement Program (PEP; K. J. Reivich, 1996; A. J. Shatte, 1997), an alternate intervention that controls for nonspecific intervention ingredients. Children's depressive symptoms were assessed through 3 years of follow-up. There was no intervention effect on average levels of depressive symptoms in the full sample. Findings varied by school. In 2 schools, PRP significantly reduced depressive symptoms across the follow-up relative to both CON and PEP. In the 3rd school, PRP did not prevent depressive symptoms. The authors discuss the findings in relation to previous research on PRP and the dissemination of prevention programs.

This study evaluated the Penn Resiliency Program's effectiveness in preventing depression when delivered by therapists in a primary care setting. Two-hundred and seventy-one 11- and 12-year-olds, with elevated depressive symptoms, were randomized to PRP or usual care. Over the 2-year follow-up, PRP improved explanatory style for positive events. PRP's effects on depressive symptoms and explanatory style for negative events were moderated by sex, with girls benefiting more than boys. Stronger effects were seen in high-fidelity groups than low-fidelity groups. PRP did not significantly prevent depressive disorders but significantly prevented depression, anxiety, and adjustment disorders (when combined) among high-symptom participants. Findings are discussed in relation to previous PRP studies and research on the dissemination of psychological interventions.

Previous studies suggest that school-based cognitive-behavioral interventions can reduce and prevent depressive symptoms in youth. This pilot study investigated the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program, the Penn Resiliency Program for Children and Adolescents (the PRP-CA), when combined with a parent intervention component. Forty-four middle school students and their parents were randomly assigned to the enhanced PRP (the PRP-CA plus parent program) or control conditions. Students completed measures of depression and anxiety symptoms at baseline and 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after the intervention ended. The combined version of the PRP significantly reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety during the follow-up period. Children assigned to the intervention condition were less likely than controls to report clinical levels of anxiety symptoms. Findings suggest that school-based cognitive-behavioral interventions that include parents may prevent depression and anxiety symptoms in early adolescence.

This study reports secondary outcome analyses from a past study of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP), a cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program for middle-school aged children. Middle school students (N = 697) were randomly assigned to PRP, PEP (an alternate intervention), or control conditions. Gillham et al., (2007) reported analyses examining PRP’s effects on average and clinical levels of depression symptoms. We examine PRP’s effects on parent-, teacher-, and self-reports of adolescents’ externalizing and broader internalizing (depression/anxiety, somatic complaints, and social withdrawal) symptoms over three years of follow-up. Relative to no intervention control, PRP reduced parent-reports of adolescents’ internalizing symptoms beginning at the first assessment after the intervention and persisting for most of the follow-up assessments. PRP also reduced parent-reported conduct problems relative to no-intervention. There was no evidence that the PRP program produced an effect on teacher- or self-report of adolescents’ symptoms. Overall, PRP did not reduce symptoms relative to the alternate intervention, although there is a suggestion of a delayed effect for conduct problems. These findings are discussed with attention to developmental trajectories and the importance of interventions that address common risk factors for diverse forms of negative outcomes.

The South Atlantic has gone from being dominated by the Western powers – until well into the 20th Century – to becoming a zone that is relatively marginal in the international system. If the SouthernAtlantic can be considered today a promising area, it is because of the relative dynamism in the exchanges that have occurred in several fields over the past few years, and the greater autonomy which the current multipolar context allows. Within this framework, South-South cooperation can be highlighted as a factor in the intensificationof inter-regional ties. This study analyses the relevance of the South Atlantic concept, reviews relations between Africa and South America, and explores bi-regional cooperation in a context of globaltransformations.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os impactos ambientais urbanos, a partir de uma abordagem sobre a transformação de APP (Área de Preservação Permanente) ocupadas por população de baixa renda em Londrina-PR. Partindo do princípio de que o meio ambiente também é social enfrenta-se um desafio quanto à integração das políticas públicas de preservação ambiental e direito à moradia. A metodologia foi baseada na análise de relatórios e documentos oficiais da gestão pública que tratam da problemática habitacional no município, o que apontou para um significativo número da população de baixa renda em situação de ilegalidade como moradora de fundos de vale. Na busca por soluções adequadas, tanto para o meio urbano social quanto ambiental, o estudo de caso do Conjunto Habitacional Aquiles Stenghel, localizado na Região Norte da cidade de Londrina, mostrou que a relocação de famílias moradoras das margens do Córrego Sem Dúvida, foi possível para uma área próxima no Conjunto Habitacional Primavera. O Projeto Integrado Habitar Brasil BID/PAC-PPI da Poligonal conseguiu promover a recuperação ambiental de todo o fundo de vale anteriormente ocupado.

Nos últimos anos a biotecnologia mudou radicalmente com a introdução de novas técnicas desenvolvidas, aplicadas sobretudo aos microorganismos. Uma técnica de melhoramento genético é a transgênese, na qual se dá a inserção de um ou mais genes exógenos em um organismo. Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGMs) ou transgênicos são todos aqueles que in vitro receberam um ou mais genes via tecnologia genética, vindo a sofrer transformações. Devido aos riscos potenciais que essas alterações apresentam para os ecossistemas, para a agricultura e para a saúde humana, estão sujeitas a normas nacionais e internacionais. Assim este trabalho sob a ótica do Direito procurou demonstrar a trajetória dessas novas tecnologias, enfocando a Lei de Biossegurança com seus atuais aspectos polêmicos e as vantagens e desvantagens dos transgênicos, culminando com algumas considerações finais que mostram como caminha atualmente o Direito Ambiental no cenário Nacional.

The environmental planning in hydrographic micro basins may minimize the incidence of environmental impacts as consequence of the human indiscriminate action. The hydrographic basin is worldly recognized as the best unit for handling natural resources. Thus, a methodology for diagnosis of the real situation of natural resources, in a basin, turns to be a necessary tool for the preservation and management of these resources. The identification of the different kinds of predominant vegetables informs, chiefly, about the level of soil protection, since the vegetation is responsible for the protection against the impacts of the raindrops (splash), by the reduction of the speed of surface outflow (runoff), through the increasing of the land ruggedness and greater soil structure constitution that may offer greater resistance to the action of the erosive processes. Besides, the collected data about the covering vegetation generally comes along with the information about the current use of the soil, since they both are strictly related. Several authors have pointed out the importance of geo morphological mappings of environmental planning projects. The use of the cartography and geo morphological information aim to represent the physiography of the landscape,considering the elements identification or environment of transport and accumulation, characterization of the morph genetics processes, and the human action implications. From the environmental point of view, the landforms are factors that influence the local hydrological conditions and specific top climatic. In this sense, the micro basins of Ribeirões dos Apertados and Três Bocas located between the municipalities of Londrina and Arapongas, North of Paraná, though constituted by fertile soils, Nitossolos and Argissolos, present a mainframe of environmental degradation common to other micro basins of the region, or, the lack of banks vegetation, the action of erosive processes, blocking the water fountains, and turning unviable the maintenance and increasing of the productivity of these areas. This study aims the composition of an environmental diagnosis of a limited area between two micro basins, as well as to evaluate the system of handling the soil and the effectiveness of conservationists’ practices that have been used in order to present an environmental planning.It can be observed that in some agricultural areas, at least in the beginning, between two micro basins, some conservationists practices were used as handling and use of rural soil, the build of terraces, recovering of dirty roads, and suitable handling of the agricultural defensive packing, among others. But what is really outstanding in the properties, like everything else in Paraná state, is the introduction of The Direct Planting System. The results of these actions mainly when working together with the responsible organs of agricultural management, are effective in the improvement of environmental conditions for the agricultural development activity, rather with the increasing in production and maintenance of the environmental balance in the micro basins. It was noticed also that in many rural properties of the studied area, are beginning to adopt the direct planting system. However, it is necessary to guide the human occupation in order to keep safe the areas intended to be of environmental preservation, aiming the conservation of the natural resources, the strong environmental fragility and high susceptibility to erosion of this area of study.

The human survival is closely connected to the use we do of our natural resources existing inour planet, in a way that this connection depends on the consumption habits and apprehensionof these goods. During the last century (XX), we noticed a boom of technology and a greatchanging in the habits of the world population. With the information globalization andknowledge, the environmental situation in the planet was more evident, and we concluded thatthe mankind should rethink the model of exploration of the natural resources. (Stockholm,Rio-92, Agenda 21 among others), and even the social paradigms. The proposal of this workis make a factual approach in this ocean of knowledge and discussions about theenvironmental problems currently presented in our society. It was chosen as a study unity theHydrographic basin, specifically the physical processes presented at Ribeirão das Marrecasmicro basin river. Collecting the data, basically a physical environmental inventory,characterizing the environment as most detailed as possible of the micro basin by consultingthe cartographic documents available and bibliographic information. To the developing of themicro basin hydrographical of Ribeirão das Marrecas, it was necessary the confection ofseveral themes letters. Each item of the inventory was translated into basic themes maps:geological, geo morphological, downward slopes maps, hydrographic, climatologically, theuse of the soil and pedological. The intervention unit “hydrographical basin” presents advantages and disadvantages. The main advantage is that this territorial unit relates theeffects/causes of the environmental more clearly and easier measuring. So, we intend toestablish the recovery proposals presenting some mitigating alternatives or solving conflictsin the area of the micro basin. Due the region peculiarities, concerning to the dynamiceconomical and social factors, it becomes imperative that the civil responsibility takes it overin response to the environmental passive, whether they come from naturals means or from theaction of man.

The sandy lands are a process of scouring with sand forming a sandy area, which correspondsto a reworking of the sands due its constant mobility, involving the transformation of notsolids deposits is sandy areas. This work tried to establish the characterization of thisphenomenon of scouring with sand in a local level, occurring in arenaceous areas in theNortheast of the state of Paraná, specifically in the urban site of Paranavaí. It was also madean evaluation of the environmental degradation as well as different causes for what provokedthese sandy areas. Being an area with a high level of soil decomposition with the highwaysroutes crossing it, it was necessary, besides bibliographic data that allowed a theoretical basis,a research applied in order to supply subsides for future planning related to the spaceorganization. The evolution of the use and soil occupation in this area has been processedwithin an urban planning which considered by no account neither soil characteristic, thevegetation nor the predominant climate in that region. The mechanisms of region atmospherecirculation were analyzed, the alterations or attributes of the climate as well, aiming toidentify the genesis of the erosion sandy and possible time and space distribution. Initially, themain characteristics of the region were collected, components e processes working on the landmodel. It was observed how it worked and the use and occupation of the soil in past times andcurrently. During 2004, using the Environmental Fragility Letter, the areas of erosion wereidentified, ravines and strong erosion that compounds the first stages of the focused problem.The sandy land is a process that involves erosion, transport, e accumulation, meaning most oftimes the loosing of Biosphere productivity. For monitoring these risk areas some measuringcanes were made to measure the soil loss, which were used in several spots of erosion in theurban area in Paranavaí. The measurement happened in every two months for a year in sixdifferent pre-established spots through satellite image that turned it valid in the study field.All together, the pluviometrical levels were analyzed to be related to the soil losses. It wasobserved initially that the causes of these facts were reflection of inappropriate handling ofthe urban soil, and in second time it was noticed that it had a broaden reach, involving fromecological unbalance, to politics, social and economical interests. Among them; thestabilization of this sand scouring some suggestions were made: the plantation of some treesin specific seasons of the year which hold the best conditions for their developing, forinstance, during the Winter the temperature is lower and the insolation lower as well,consequently it provokes a higher level of soil humidity.

Neste trabalho se estudaram os aspectos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação do solo nos municípios de Querência do Norte e Paranavaí, cidades de pequeno e médio porte. Procurou-se contextualizar a questão ambiental nas referidas áreas em decorrência do uso e da apropriação indevida do solo pelo homem que não vem se importando com a preservação do meio ambiente. Realizou-se uma Análise Ambiental que apontou para os inúmeros problemas ambientais comuns às duas cidades, visando-se elaborar propostas de recuperação para esses ambientes degradados.

Analysis of the role of civil society organizations in relations between the European Union and Latin America since the 1970’s, with focus on the last decade, from a mainly European perspective. The article begins by presenting an analytic framework for understanding civil participation in international relations and then goes on to outline the principal players—the Church, political foundations and organizations, and nongovernmental organizations—in the specific case of the links between the EU and Latin America. The article then continues with a discussion of a sector of civil society thus farnot much analyzed in the literature, academic institutions. It looks at some of their most significant contributions, particularly their influence on the practice of biregional relations, one of the most important goals of various networks created in recent years. Finally, the last section provides reflections on the contribution of these players to Euro-Latin American relations.

Em face da degradação ambiental de algumas áreas no norte do Paraná, ocorre a perda da produtividade agrícola. O planejamento do uso do solo, em uma bacia hidrográfica, deve servir como um preventivo instrumento à perda de solos. Este trabalho vem contribuir para a gestão e recuperação ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do rio Taquara, por meio da análise da susceptibilidade à erosão, utilizando-se das técnicas de geoprocessamento na aplicação da Equação Universal de Perda de Solos (EUPS).

Geografia, Londrina, v.2, n.2, dez. 1984

Os estudos geográficos estão em plena expansão no Brasil, o que é revelado por um lado, pela quantidade de trabalhos de pesquisa sobre os mais variados temas, e por outro lado, o que é mais importante, pelo aumento progressivo das reflexões sobre as implicações metodológicas e técnicas da sua própria realização. É neste contexto que colocamos o artigo do Prof. Dr. Jurandyr Luciano Sanches Ross que busca facilitar o conhecimento do Relevo Brasileiro através de uma nova proposta de classificação.

A discussão de temas relacionados ao Meio-Ambiente permaneceu restrita aos biólogos e estudiosos afins por algum tempo, dentro da área da Ecologia. Muitas reflexões foram surgindo face a diferentes acontecimentos, em épocas mais atuais e outras áreas foram dando suas contribuições através de propostas tanto de preservação como de conservação da natureza, face à crescente destruição do Meio-Ambiente e aos mecanismos da vida moderna, que promoveram essas ações destrutivas.

A turfa é uma rocha sedimentar orgânica, branda ou mole, imatura, escura ou pardusca, não litificada, desenvolvida somente em ambientes terrígenos continentais, em presença de água. Como substância mineral, a turfa vem ganhando espaço no mercado brasileiro e mundial, principalmente pelo fato de ser muito diversificada a sua utilização.