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Hydrogen is a promising renewable energy carrier and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) is commonly used to generate hydrogen from renewable biomass feedstocks. Enriching hydrogen content in synthesis gas (syngas) production can be made possible by applying the WGSR after gasification. WGSR can achieve a maximal carbon monoxide (CO) conversion using a commercially patented CZA (Cu/ZnO/Al2O3) catalyst. This study proposed three in-lab self-synthesized CZA catalysts to be evaluated and compared with the patented catalyst performance-wise. The three catalysts were prepared with co-precipitation of different Cu:Zn:Al molar ratios: CZA-431 (4:3:1), CZA-531 (5:3:1) and CZA-631 (6:3:1). The catalysts characteristics were determined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. CO gas was mixed with steam in a catalytic reactor with a 3:1 molar ratio, running continuously through the catalyst at 250 °C for 30 mins. All three catalysts, however, performed below expectations, where CZA-431 had a CO conversion of 77.44%, CZA-531 48.75%, and CZA-631 71.67%. CaO, as a co-catalyst, improved the performance by stabilizing the gas composition faster. The CO conversion of each catalyst also improved: CZA-431 improved its CO conversion to 97.39%, CZA-531 to 96.71%, and CZA-631 to 95.41%. The downward trend of the CO conversion was deemed to be caused by copper content found in CZA-531 and CZA-631 but not in CZA-431, which tended to form a Cu-Zn metal complex, weakening the catalyst's activity.

This study investigates the effects of varying temperatures on the co-pyrolysis of wood sawdust (WS) and waste tires (WT) within a stainless steel fixed-bed reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere. The experiments were conducted at three different temperatures: 400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C, focusing on the thermal behavior and resultant product yields. At 600 °C, WS produced the highest oil yield (63.6 wt%), suggesting a tendency to generate more aqueous and volatile components. Conversely, WT alone showed an optimal oil yield of 46.4 wt% at 500 °C, while the WS-WT blend achieved 55.6 wt%. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the pyrolytic oils indicated that WS-heavy mixtures were rich in aliphatic compounds, whereas WT-dominant samples had increased aromatic and phenolic contents, demonstrating the potential for creating valuable chemicals from waste. Additionally, gas analysis highlighted significant variations in syngas composition, with increased methane and decreased CO2 levels at higher temperatures, emphasizing the role of the water-gas shift reaction. These findings underscore the critical importance of temperature control in optimizing the efficiency and quality of products from co-pyrolysis, presenting a viable method for enhancing the value derived from waste materials.

The management of mineral and coal non-tax state revenue (PNBP Minerba) requires urgent attention and improvement, which can be achieved through appropriate oversight of internal auditors. This study assesses the efficacy of internal audit role development through an organizational learning perspective. Authors interviewed eleven informants from internal auditors of the inspectorate and auditees from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (KESDM) of the Republic of Indonesia. The data corroborates our theoretical framework within organizational significance theory, which states that the interconnection of the relationship between internal auditors and auditees, the internal audit process, and internal auditor resources culminates in the "results zone." Within this zone, internal audits yield effective outcomes that can positively influence the organization’s significance. This research reveals that auditees feel that an internal auditor’s findings and recommendations can influence their organization. This perspective can enhance PNBP Minerba management system and foster learning and organizational change. However, internal auditor recommendations have not effectively spurred organizational learning in KESDM, implying that KESDM is still in the developmental phase. This study stands out for its qualitative exploration of organizational characteristics, particularly the interplay between internal auditors and auditees, the internal audit process, and internal auditor resources.

ABSTRACTThis study analyses the knowledge-sharing process and its outcomes among stakeholders (i.e., academia, industry, government and civil society) in the context of a regional sustainability-oriented project held in Ena City, central Japan, by using the Quadruple Helix (QH) framework. We collected data through interviews with the stakeholders and related documents and employed qualitative content analysis to analyse the data. Our findings imply that there is a gap between the theoretical understanding and practical application of sustainability practices at the initial stage of interaction. However, the project facilitated inter-exchanges of knowledge among stakeholders in the respective helices that could address this gap. Our research suggested the roles of stakeholders in a sustainability-driven collaboration as bridging academics, resource-providing industry, observant government and boundary-spanning civil society which represent the balanced QH model. The current study contributes to the existing literature three-fold. First, few existing studies have employed the QH model in the context of sustainability. Second, most previous studies on the QH model have focused on macro-perspectives. Third, the study clarifies the roles of the stakeholders, which extends the understanding of the QH model. This study suggests a regional sustainability policy that encourages more bottom-up initiatives, in line with the balanced helix model.

Kaizen is a very important continuous improvement technique; however, measuring kaizen results/benefits have not been clearly and comprehensively addressed by the literature.

Objective: Consumers expect MSMEs to adopt sustainable strategies but realizing there is a gap between business sustainability practices and consumer expectations. This research aims to identifies sustainable business strategies to be integrated into business practices. Research Design & Methods: This research uses exploratory qualitative methods. The data collection technique uses an interview method. The sampling design used non-probability sampling (snowball). The analysis technique is through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and concluding because it can explain, assess, and visualize superior MSMEs empowerment modeling. Findings: The results of this study indicate the technology-based sustainable business strategy must be the primary role model to increasing the MSMEs competitiveness. A successful sustainable business strategy has four core dimensions: innovation, collaboration, communication, and commitment. Digital businesses can be used as a medium to achieve their vision of sustainable practices in competitive advantage, brand loyalty, risk mitigation, and cost reduction. Researchers prove that the sustainability can lead to an increase in the market value of MSMEs. Implications & Recommendations: MSMEs who proactively make the core of business strategy sustainability will encourage innovation and generate enthusiasm and loyalty from employees, customers, suppliers, communities, and investors. Implementation of integrated digital business strategy should include guidelines for understanding consumer behavior, accessing market data more easily, and using social media as a form of continuous communication that shows the proximity of MSMEs to customers. Contribution & Value Added: Empirical research to measure the relationship between proposed sustainable business practices and consumer expectations holds excellent opportunities for future research.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMT2) is a metabolic disease that is increasingly attracting public attention. Diabetes mellitus is expected to reach 439 million in the world in 2030. Resistant starch (RS) is an indigestible starch which has health properties which has health properties that can be used for preventing diabetes mellitus type 2. In order to increase the RS content, a dual modification method consisted of acidification and heat moisture treatment (HMT) can be applied. The Acid-HMT method is affected by various factors, i.e., acid types, acid concentration, water content ratio, HMT temperature and HMT processing time, and different treatments may result in different RS yields. This study aimed to analyze the effective treatment in the Acid-HMT dual modification to enhance RS content by using a systematic review based on the PRISMA method. The studies revealed that there were 11 articles (n = 68 data) which utilized various acid types combined with HMT. The utilization of acid-alcohol, HCl, and organic acid such as citric acid, acetic acid, and lactic acid resulted in different results of RS content in modified starch. In addition to acid types, treatment conditions such as acid concentration, acidification time, acidification temperature, water content ratio, HMT time, and HMT temperature also affected the resulted RS. The treatment with 0.2 M citric acid for 24 hours at 25 ℃ combined with HMT with 30% moisture at 110 ℃ for 8 hours resulted in the highest increase in RS content of modified starch.

Obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease resulting from excessive accumulation of fat. With a significant annual increase, it has become a health concern across the globe in the last decades. To tackle this problem, an exploration of traditional medicinal plants (TMP) functioning as anti-obesity drugs using an ethnopharmacology approach has been carried out. Research on the drug development of obesity treatment was directed at how to inhibit pancreatic lipase as the enzyme accounted for lipid absorption. Using a systematic review and meta-analysis, this current study investigated TMP anti-obesity from the articles published in 6 scientific databases, i.e., Scopus, Science Direct, Proquest, Cengage Library, Ebsco, and Emerald, using particular keywords. The review resulted in 19 articles containing 91 eligible data based on inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta-analysis extracted data as follows: IC50, number of replications, and standard error, regarding the anti-obesity effects of medicinal plants and orlistat as a positive control. The results showed 8 medicinal plants showing anti-obesity via inhibition of pancreatic lipase, including Solenostemma argel, Garcinia vilersiana, Phyllanthus chamaepeuce, Cassia auriculata, Moringa oleifera, Ficus carica, Ocimum gratissimum, and Adiantum capillus-veneris.

AbstractThis study aims to examine the role of digitalization in management accounting systems (DIMAS) in increasing the effectiveness of management decision-making in urban small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a developing economy. This study also investigates the mediating role of information quality (accuracy and timeliness) and cost reduction in the relationship between DIMAS and management decision-making. This research employed primary data collected from questionnaire responses from 536 urban SMEs that implemented digitalization in a developing economy setting. The results show that DIMAS has a positive effect on the accuracy and timeliness of accounting information and cost reduction, which in turn contribute to better decision-making. The results of the mediation test reveal that the accuracy and timeliness of accounting information and cost reduction mediate the relationship between DIMAS and management decision-making. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence on the importance of digitalization for urban SMEs operating in a developing country, enabling them to survive and achieve a competitive advantage in an era of high uncertainty due to the industry 4.0 and the COVID-19 pandemic.

The purpose of this study is to improve students' mood state and motivation to learn through blended learning versus full online. This research is quantitative with the use of experimental methods. Participants in this study were students from University of Muhammadiyah Malang (n=42) who take physical education courses. The forty-two participants were allocated to the blended learning group (n=21) and full online group (n=21). The instruments in this study used the mood states and motivation questionnaire. The intervention program was carried out for four weeks with three weekly meetings. The raw data in this study will be analyzed using the SPSS application to find the mean and standard deviation, normality test, and homogeneity test. Independent sample t-test was used to test the difference in pre-test and post-test mood state scores and student motivation. The level of significance used in this study is 0.05. The study results found that there was a significant difference in effect between blended learning and full online and the data proved that blended learning had a better effect than full online. This research contributes to developing a learning system that can be used in the new normal era so that lecturers can create optimal lectures.

Previous literature which examined relationship between fraud risk factors and occupational frauds occurrence is limited to the setting of a single developed country. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the moderating role of ethical culture in affecting the relationship between fraud risks and occupational fraud using the sample of regional development banks (RDB) in one of the major developing countries, Indonesia. Our study employs Indonesian RDBs due to their economic significance and their exposure to a higher risk of occupational fraud. Primary data was collected using a survey method involving 355 employees from the 15 largest RDBs in Indonesia. The collected data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). We find that occupational fraud in RDBs is associated with opportunity and pressure. A strong ethical culture can weaken the positive relationship between these two fraud risks and occupational fraud. The findings of our paper imply that organizations that face a significant risk of fraud, such as RDBs, should invest in strengthening the organizations’ ethical culture as it could mitigate two out of four fraud risk factors. This study contributes towards development of the fraud diamond theory by examining the effect of ethical culture in mitigating fraud risk in the banking industry which is growing rapidly in a developing economy. This study focuses on a context that has still only been analyzed by previous research to a limited degree, namely RDBs which are known as the “second sector” of the banking industry in Indonesia.

Autoclaving-cooling is a common starch modification method to increase the resistant starch (RS) content. The effect of this method varies depending on the type of crop and treatment condition used. The objectives of this study were to verify the autoclaving-cooling treatment based on a meta-analysis result and to evaluate the physicochemical properties of modified starches. The meta-analysis study used 10 articles from a total of 1,293 that were retrieved using the PRISMA approach. Meta-analysis showed that the optimal treatments of autoclaving-cooling process that increase the RS content significantly, was in starch samples from the cereal group (corn, oats, rice) (SMD: 19.60; 95% CI: 9.56–29.64; p < 0.001), with water ratio 1:4 (SMD: 13.69; 95% CI: 5.50–21.87; p < 0.001), using two cycles of autoclaving-cooling (SMD: 16.33; 95% CI: 6.98–25.67; p < 0.001) and 30 min of autoclaving heating (SMD: 12.97; 95% CI: 1.97–23.97; p < 0.001) at 121°C (SMD: 12.18; 95% CI: 1.88–22.47; p < 0.001). Verification using corn flour and corn starch showed a significant increase in RS contents from 15.84 to 27.78% and from 15.27 to 32.53%, respectively, and a significant decrease in starch digestibility from 67.02 to 35.74% and from 76.15 to 28.09%, respectively. Treated sample also showed the pasting profile that was stable under heating and stirring.

This research aims to describe the direction of communication policy formulation of the Revision of the Broadcasting Law related to analog to digital broadcast migration. The research approach chosen was qualitative with the method of data collection in the form of interviews and literature studies. Based on the criteria for the formulation of communication policy, it can be interpreted that the Revision of the Broadcasting Law related to the migration of analog to digital broadcasts contains: (1) Global politics and ITU agreements as a policy context, (2) Modern broadcasting technology and the global economy as a policy domain and (3) Frequency efficiency, guaranteeing public rights in broadcasting, and improving the quality of television broadcasting as a communication policy paradigm.

Tidak sedikit para guru sekolah dasar (SD) diberikan tugas untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan kecakapan memelihara aktivitas fisik dan bentuk tubuh siswa agar tetap fit, terutama dikala sekolah tidak memiliki guru pendidikan jasmani. Sebagai role model, sewajarnya apabila seorang guru SD dituntut memiliki tubuh yang fit secara kualitas dan bentuk, tidak terkecuali para calon guru SD. Masalah muncul ketika pandemi covid-19 membatasi aktivitas fisik yang diyakini berkorelasi dengan berubahnya bentuk tubuh yang unfit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kualitas aktivitas fisik dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) calon guru SD selama pandemi covid-19. Merupakan jenis cross-sectional study memanfaatkan IPAQ-SF yang disebarkan melalui google form kepada seluruh mahasiswa PGSD UMM. Setelah melalui screening, sebanyak 334 orang (51 laki-laki dan 283 perempuan) layak dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif statistik dan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik mahasiswa masuk dalam kategori keaktifan tinggi (M= 2.374, SD= 1.544) dan IMT masuk dalam kategori normal (M= 21,8, SD= 4,1). Tidak ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan IMT [X2 (6,N= 334)= 1,898, p= 0,929, r= 0,032, p= 0,557]. Artinya, variabel aktivitas fisik tidak cukup menjadi penyebab dari bentuk tubuh mahasiswa. Perlu penelitian yang lebih mendalam untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi IMT.

Abstract. Competition in various industries in Indonesia is getting tighter. Various companies are competing to be at the forefront of the minds of consumers. Strategy for strategy is implemented, one of them is Customer Relationship Management (CRM) strategy conducted by PT. Panen Lestari Internusa by launching Sogo Premier Card as a form of membership card for its customers. This research is a research with a qualitative approach that analyzes how CRM strategies are implemented by PT. Panen Lestari Internusa. The interview technique used was a semi-structured interview with two internal speakers from PT. Panen Lestari Internusa and four external informant whom are SPC members and two marketing communication expertise. Data analysis techniques in this study used coding techniques with reliability checking techniques using source triangulation. The results showed that the use of Sogo Premier Card as a form of CRM was considered to help increase the loyalty of Sogo Department Store consumers with three important elements such as reward based bonds, selection and interaction. Keywords: customer relation management, consumer loyalty, membership card

Abstrak: Pelaksanaan lesson study ini memiliki tujuan yaitu meningkatkan kecerdasan kinestetik menggunakan modifikasi permainan pada kelas 4 di SD Moh. Hatta Malang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan mengimplementasikan lesson study. Adapun subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas 4 di SD Moh. Hatta Malang Pengimplementasian lesson study ini dilakukan dalam 4 kali putaran. Tahapan pelaksanaan LS terdiri dari 3 tahapan yaitu: (1) tahap perencanaan (plan), (2) Tahap pelaksanaan (do), serta (3) tahap refleksi (see). Kecerdasan Kinestetik siswa kelas 4 SDN Moh Hatta Data rata-rata nilai siswa pada matapelajaran PJOK pada siklus I 72,5; siklus II 77,13 dan siklus III 78,5. Siklus IV 81,7 Peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II 4,63; siklus II ke siklus III 1,37. Siklus III ke IV 3, 25 Lesson study menyebabkan siswa bersemangat, dalam melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran dan merasa senang sehingga hasil kemampuan gerak kinestetik paserta didik dari siklus I ke siklus IVmeningkat. Kata Kunci: kecerdasan kinestetik, modifikasi permainan, sekolah dasar Abstract: The implementation of this lesson study has the aim of improving kinesthetic intelligence using game modification in grade 4 in Moh. Hatta primery school. This research is a descriptive research by implementing lesson study. The subjects of the study were 4th grade students in Moh. Hatta primery school. The implementation of this lesson study was conducted in 4 rounds. The stages of LS implementation consist of 3 stages: (1) planning stage, (2) Implementation stage (do), and (3) stage of reflection (see). Kinesthetic Intelligence of grade 4 students in Moh Hatta Primary School Average data on student score on Physchal Education learning in cycle I 72,5; cycle II 77.13 and cycle III 78.5. Cycle IV 81,7 Increase from cycle I to cycle II 4.63; cycle II to cycle III 1.37. Cycle III to IV 3, 25 Lesson study causes the students to be excited, in doing the learning activities and feel happy so that the result of kinesthetic ability of the students from cycle I to cycle IV can increased. Keywords: kinesthetic intelligence, game modification, elementary school

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui efektivitas ureterorenoscopy (URS) menggunakan laser Holmium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Ho: YAG) untuk pengelolaan batu ureter di Rumah Sakit Persekutuan Gereja Indonesia (PGI) Cikini sepanjang tahun 2010 hingga 2012. Metode: data dikumpulkan retrospektif dari catatan medis pasien di Rumah Sakit PGI Cikini dari 1 Januari 2010 sampai 31 Desember 2012 yang menjalani URS dengan Ho: YAG lithotripter laser untuk mengobati penyakit batu saluran kemih. Kriteria inklusi pada semua pasien dengan batu saluran kemih dilakukan URS menggunakan laser Ho: YAG. Hasil: sebanyak 205 penyakit batu ureter dari 182 pasien yang mendapat pengobatan URS dengan Ho: YAG laser litotriptor di Rumah Sakit PGI Cikini, terdiri dari 143 laki-laki dan 39 wanita dengan rata-rata umur 45,69 tahun (19-76). Terdiri dari 115 batu ureter kanan dan 90 kiri, dengan 128 batu ureter proksimal dan 77 distal. Komorbititas yang paling sering muncul adalah hydronephrosis sejumlah 169 (88,5%) dan 155 (75,6%) komorbiditas dari kasus lainya. Komplikasi post operatif ditemukan pada 11 pasien (5,8%). Rata-rata waktu operasi 55,19 menit dan rata-rata lama rawat inap pasien paska operasi adalah 3,31 hari. Angka bebas batu secara keseluruhan adalah 88,3%. Dimana angka bebas batu pada ureter proksimal adalah 85,9%, sedangkan ureter distal 89,6%, dengan angka bebas batu secara keseluruhan yaitu 88,3%. Simpulan: URS memakai laser Ho: YAG merupakan prosedur yang aman dan efektif untuk pasien dengan batu ureter terlepas dari lokasi batu pada ureter.

Abstract: This research was aimed to develop teaching materials for badminton material in the form of interactive multimedia. The results of the badminton expert validation showed a percentage of 91.89%, learning experts showed a percentage of 89.58% and the results of media expert validation showed a percentage of 87.80%. With the results of the validation, the product is feasible to be tested. Furthermore, for product trials, the percentage of small group trials was 90.10% and the percentage of large group trials was 91.15%. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan pembelajaran untuk materi bulutangkis ke dalam bentuk multimedia interaktif. Hasil validasi ahli bulutangkis menunjukkan persentase sebesar 91,89%, ahli pembelajaran menunjukkan persentase sebesar 89,58% dan hasil validasi ahli media menunjukkan persentase sebesar 87,80%. Dengan hasil validasi tersebut maka produk layak untuk diujicobakan. Selanjutnya, untuk uji coba produk, persentase ujicoba kelompok kecil sebesar 90,10% dan persentase ujicoba kelompok besar sebesar 91,15%.

The chemical properties that serve as major determinants for the glycemic index (GI) of starchy food and recommended low-GI, carbohydrate-based foods have remained enigmatic. This present work performed a systematic assessment of linkages between chemical properties of foods and GI, and selected low-GI starchy foods. The data were sourced from literature published in various scientific journals. In total, 57 relevant studies and 936 data points were integrated into a database. Both in vitro and in vivo studies on GI values were included. The database was subsequently subjected to a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis from in vitro studies revealed that the two significant factors responsible for the GI of starchy foods were resistant starch and phenolic content (respectively, standardized mean difference (SMD): −2.52, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): −3.29 to −1.75, p (p-value) < 0.001; SMD: −0.72, 95%CI: −1.26 to −0.17, p = 0.005), while the lowest-GI crop type was legumes. Subgroup analysis restricted to the crop species with significant low GI found two crops, i.e., sorghum (SMD: −0.69, 95%CI: −2.33 to 0.96, p < 0.001) and red kidney bean (SMD: −0.39, 95%CI: −2.37 to 1.59, p = 0.001). Meta-analysis from in vivo studies revealed that the two significant factors responsible for the GI of starchy foods were flavonoid and phenolic content (respectively, SMD: −0.67, 95%CI: −0.87 to −0.47, p < 0.001; SMD: −0.63, 95%CI: −1.15 to −0.11, p = 0.009), while the lowest-GI crop type was fruit (banana). In conclusion, resistant starch and phenolic content may have a desirable impact on the GI of starchy food, while sorghum and red kidney bean are found to have low GI.

Purpose: This study aims to examine the participants' [junior high school students and Master of business administration (MBA) consultants] perceptions and utilizations of the multidimensional place-based resources within the context of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), specifically focusing on its alignment with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for quality education. While place-based resources have demonstrated the potential for fostering innovative thinking and collaborative efforts, a gap exists in understanding how these resources can be effectively integrated to bolster learning and sustainable outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopted a single-case research methodology and conducted an in-depth exploration of the integration of place-based resources within the context of ESD using the 2021 Forest Community Outreach (FCO) Project in Ena City, Japan. Questionnaires, daily journals and consultation reports were used for data collection. This study used the coding and qualitative content analysis process to understand the significance of the five dimensions of place-based resources in fostering effective ESD practices. Findings: The findings show the gap between interest in ESD and utilization of place-based resources as reflected in the perceptions and interests of junior high school participants. MBA consultants acknowledged the relevance of leveraging the five dimensions of place-based resources in the context of ESD. This research enriches the understanding of recognizing and harnessing different resources within the settings, emphasizing the significance of a multidimensional place-based resources approach to effectively incorporate these resources into ESD, thereby fostering learning and practical sustainability outcomes. Originality/value: This study conducts a novel analysis of diverse dimensions within the realm of place-based resources and their profound influence on the learning experiences and creativity of participants engaged in ESD. The study lays the groundwork for the validation of place-based resource dimensions through collaborative efforts involving stakeholders within the region.

The purpose of this study was to determine the learning lay up shoot using basic audiovisual media shoot lay ups can improve learning outcomes shoot lay ups in class VIIIA Starch Canisius junior year 2013/2014 . This study uses Classroom Action Research ( CAR). The technique of collecting data through observation and assessment of learning outcomes shoot basketball lay up. Data analysis techniques used in this research is descriptive . At the end of the first cycle activity of teachers in teaching basic techniques lay up shoot using audio-visual media reaches 76.19%, whereas at the end of the first cycle of student activity during the learning process lay up shoot using audio-visualmediareaches78.57%. At the end of the second cycle of activity of teachers in teaching basic techniques lay up shoot using audio-visual media reaches 85.71%, whereas at the end of the second cycle of activity of students during the learning process lay up shoot using audio-visual media reaches 92.86%. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that learning the lay-up shoot using basic audiovisual media shoot lay ups can improve student learning outcomes at Canisius junior class VIIIA Pati year 2013/2014.

Location of urban distribution center (UDC) has played an important role in reducing distribution cost, environmental impact, and traffic congestion in urban areas. The article aims at evaluating potential location of UDC for sugar commodity using a combined approach that comprises two stages: spatial analysis and multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming. Results demonstrate that different locations of UDC correspond to different costs and environmental implications. It is suggested that a new UDC for the sugar commodity can be located at the east part of the city outskirt. Using more than two UDCs in the studied case appears to be not economically and environmentally beneficial.

Supply is one of the most important factors for the company, but there are still so many companies who don’t understand about how to monitoring their supplies so there will be not too much or too little supplies for them to manage. Some of the important things are to know how many supplies that a company should prepare to fulfill the needs of supply for the next period. This essay is aimed to investigate whether there was a shift/moving towards the supplies and the factor, which trigger the moving, how many supplies that the company should have and the cost that they have to pay to fulfill the supplies. The result shows that there was a moving of supplies, which has been cause by some factors. The kind of research that being used is a descriptive research, with a quantitative data. And the methods that being used is the case study, The point of this research is because of the moving of supplies that has been caused by the age of the supplies, the company have to calculate how many supplies that they should have to fulfill the needs of the next period.

Business entities are able to exert their influence on particular stakeholders for the benefit of their interest by managing the information they disseminate to the public, particularly if there is no regulation on such issue in place. Accordingly, the extent of accounting information disclosed to the public, specifically voluntary environmental information, is determined by the internal characteristics of the business entities. The objective of this research is to test the financial, non-financial, and corporate governance attributes of Indonesian public companies which contribute to the extent of environmental information disclosure in Indonesia. This research measured the extent of Indonesian public companies’ environmental disclosure using Environmental Disclosure Index (EDI) as a dependent variable. The index is developed from the parameters under environmental protocols of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) G3 framework. Samples of 35 Indonesian public companies are purposively chosen for each of the year from 2005-2008 to form a total of 140 observations. The testing results conclude that size of company, economic performance, and industry sensitivity positively affect environmental disclosure. This research is limited by an assumption that Indonesian public companies employ annual report as the primary means to publicize financial and non-financial information to public.

Purpose: This paper aims to offer an empirical application of the concept of learning organization (LO) 2.0. Design/methodology/approach: Based on fieldwork study, a case of Ricoh Ena Forest Project is presented to illustrate the contextualized and multi-stakeholder perspective of LO 2.0 in running an environmental sustainability project. Findings: The case demonstrated the value of incorporating multiple stakeholders to develop a multi-party learning entity for sustainability pursuit. The findings also highlighted the importance of forfeiting managerial dominance and the creation of a shared commitment in implementing the concept of LO 2.0. Originality/value: The study adds empirical evidence to the literature on how LO 2.0 can be implemented and provides guidance on tackling some of the potential challenges.

An accurate and standardized diagnosis is needed to detect microbial resistance and changes in an organism's genome. The main problems faced in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis from clinical samples are the quality of the primers and the specificity of a gene target. This study aims to determine the main characteristics when evaluating primers' s fitness generated from in silico experiments using Thermo Fisher Scientific® software and optimization efforts to increase sensitivity to clinical samples, this study also objectively evaluates the potential of atpE as a detection target for MTB using sputum specimens from a clinical setting. A total of 25 clinical samples from pulmonary tuberculosis patients were extracted using the Zymo DNA Extraction® kit and 11 of them were also extracted using the boiling method. DNA isolates were tested for concentration and purity with Nanodrops®. The primer was designed using the open-access software Thermo Fisher Scientific Oligo Primer design tool ®. Reference primer of atpE was obtained from previous research in vitro. Primary validation was carried out using gel electrophoresis. The ROC curve analysis was carried out with GraphPad Prism version 8.4. The atpE primers designed with Thermo Fisher Scientific® showed a 100% detection rate against the positive control bacterial DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The overall atpE primers from Thermo Fisher Scientific® had a sensitivity of 61.54% and a specificity of 100% compared to the reference primers against the clinical sample. In summary, the atpE gene is a good candidate for both species and drug-resistance genes targeted for PCR and genotype profiling in M. tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to functioning as a carbon sink, mangrove soil also releases greenhouse gases (GHGs) through microbial metabolism. GHG flux fluctuates according to the ecological parameters of mangroves and climate variability. We quantified GHG fluxes from the soil using a closed-chamber technique and assessed soil and porewater conditions in three primary mangrove zones (each zone was dominated by one of the mangrove types) at Ngurah Rai Forest Park, Bali, Indonesia, categorized by genera: Bruguiera, Rhizophora, and Sonneratia. We found that the CO2 flux ranged from 322.5 to 3,494.5 µg/m²/h, CH4 flux ranged from -24.7 to 60.9 µg/m²/h, and N2O flux ranged from -1.2 to 2.3 µg/m²/h. None of the GHG fluxes varied significantly between mangrove zones. Overall, the highest CO2 fluxes were observed in the Bruguiera zones, while the highest CH4 and N2O fluxes were found in the Sonneratia and Rhizophora zones, respectively. A significant relationship between GHG fluxes and soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), water content, bulk density, and soil type. The average warming effect on GHG fluxes ranged from 0.9 and 1.8 MgCO2/ha/year, accounting for only 1.1% to 2.2% of the annual plant carbon sequestration rate of 75.9 to 81.6 MgCO2/ha/year. These findings suggest that the variability of GHG fluxes is not significantly influenced by mangrove type; instead, soil conditions play a crucial role. Calculations of the net carbon stock may overlook the relatively low warming effect of GHG fluxes in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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