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122 results on '"French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission"'

1. Optimizing full 3D SPARKLING trajectories for high-resolution T2*-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author: R, Chaithya G, Weiss, Pierre, Daval-Fr��rot, Guillaume, Massire, Aur��lien, Vignaud, Alexandre, Ciuciu, Philippe, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Modèles et inférence pour les données de Neuroimagerie (MIND), IFR49 - Neurospin - CEA, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PRIMO (ITAV), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Siemens Healthineers [Saint-Denis], Building large instruments for neuroimaging: from population imaging to ultra-high magnetic fields (BAOBAB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chaithya Giliyar Radhakrishna was supported by the CEA NUMERICS PhD program, which received European funding from Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No800945.We acknowledge the financial support of the CrossDisciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation of CEA (SILICOSMIC project, PI: P. Ciuciu), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC in France under the allocation 2019-GCH0424 made by GENCI. Pierre Weiss was supported by the ANR JCJC Optimization on Measures Spaces ANR-17-CE23-0013-01 and the ANR-3IA Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute., ANR-17-CE23-0013,OMS,Optimisation sur des espaces de mesures(2017), ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Baobab (BAOBAB), and We acknowledge the financial support of the CrossDisciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation of CEA (SILICOSMIC project, PI: P. Ciuciu), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC in France under the allocation 2019-GCH0424 made by GENCI. Pierre Weiss was supported by the ANR JCJC Optimization on Measures Spaces ANR-17-CE23-0013-01 and the ANR-3IA Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute.
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 3D MRI, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, non-Cartesian, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), acceleration, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], optimization, compressed sensing
Abstract: International audience; The Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space samplING, or SPARKLING, is an optimization-driven method that has been recently introduced for accelerated 2D T2*-w MRI using compressed sensing. It has then been extended to address 3D imaging using either stacks of 2D sampling patterns or a local 3D strategy that optimizes a single sampling trajectory at a time. 2D SPARKLING actually performs variable density sampling (VDS) along a prescribed target density while maximizing sampling efficiency and meeting the gradient-based hardware constraints. However, 3D SPARKLING has remained limited in terms of acceleration factors along the third dimension if one wants to preserve a peaky point spread function (PSF) and thus good image quality.In this paper, in order to achieve higher acceleration factors in 3D imaging while preserving image quality, we propose a new efficient algorithm that performs optimization on full 3D SPARKLING. The proposed implementation based on fast multipole methods (FMM) allows us to design sampling patterns with up to 10^7 k-space samples, thus opening the door to 3D VDS. We compare multi-CPU and GPU implementations and demonstrate that the latter is optimal for 3D imaging in the high-resolution acquisition regime (600µm isotropic). Finally, we show that this novel optimization for full 3D SPARKLING outperforms stacking strategies or 3D twisted projection imaging through retrospective and prospective studies on NIST phantom and in vivo brain scans at 3 Tesla. Overall the proposed method allows for 2.5-3.75x shorter scan times compared to GRAPPA-4 parallel imaging acquisition at 3 Tesla without compromising image quality.
Published: 2022

2. Thermal transport-porosity-microstructural characteristics: unpicking the relationship in ultra-porous α-Al2O3 powder

Author: Jordan Letessier, Aïmen E. Gheribi, Jean-Mathieu Vanson, Christelle Duguay, Fabrice Rigollet, Nathalie Ehret, Jerôme Vicente, Jean-Laurent Gardarein, Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), and Financial support provided by: the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Électricité de France (EDF) and FRAMATOME. The project leading to this publication has received funding from the Excellence Initiative of Aix-Marseille University - A*Midex, a French Investissements d’Avenir program AMX-19-IET-013. Support from: the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Rio Tinto Aluminium, Alcoa, Hydro Aluminium, Elysis and Constellium.
Subjects: Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, grain size, interparticle porosity, inverse problems, Mechanical Engineering, thermal diffusivity, theoretical model, intraparticle porosity, microstructural parameter, transient hot plate, Condensed Matter Physics, percolation theory, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, thermal conductivity, multiscale model, measurement, X-ray tomography, thermal quadrupole method, scanning electron microscopy
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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3. X-ray imaging with Micromegas detectors with optical readout

Author: Cools, A., Aune, S., Beau, F., Brunbauer, F.M., Benoit, T., Desforge, D., Ferrer-Ribas, E., Kallitsopoulou, A., Malgorn, C., Oliveri, E., Papaevangelou, T., Pollacco, E.C., Ropelewski, L., Sari, A., Iguaz, F.J., Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric JOLIOT (JOLIOT), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), CERN [Genève], Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection (PTC-ID) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)., SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities (proposal number 99220033), RD51 at CERN, Weizmann Institute of Science, ANR-10-LABX-0038,P2IO,Physics of the 2 infinities and the origins(2010), and ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011)
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, neutron imaging, CMOS camera, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], X-rays, synchrotron, beta-rays, cancer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, detector, neutrons, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), gamma-rays, non-destructive examination, beta imaging, metrology, radioactivity, SOLEIL, ionizing radiation, radiography, Micromegas
Abstract: In the last years, optical readout of Micromegas gaseous detectors has been achieved by implementing a Micromegas detector on a glass anode coupled to a CMOS camera. Effective X-ray radiography was demonstrated using integrated imaging approach. High granularity values have been reached for low-energy X-rays from radioactive sources and X-ray generators. Detector characterization with X-ray radiography has led to two applications: neutron imaging for non-destructive examination of highly gamma-ray emitting objects and beta imaging for the single cell activity tagging in the field of oncology drug studies. First measurements investigating the achievable spatial resolution of the glass Micromegas detector at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility with a high-intensity and flat irradiation field will be shown in this article., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 7th International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors, 11-16 December 20223, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Published: 2022

4. Sub-25 ps timing measurements with 10 × 10 cm 2 PICOSEC Micromegas detectors

Author: Lisowska, M., Bortfeldt, J., Brunbauer, F., Fanourakis, G., Floethner, K.J., Gallinaro, M., Garcia, F., Giomataris, I., Gustavsson, T., Iguaz, F.J., Janssens, D., Kallitsopoulou, A., Kovacic, M., Legou, P., Liu, J., Lupberger, M., Maniatis, I., Meng, Y., Muller, H., Oliveri, E., Orlandini, G., Papaevangelou, T., Pomorski, Michal, Ropelewski, L., Sampsonidis, D., Scharenberg, L., Schneider, T., Sohl, L., van Stenis, M., Tsipolitis, Y., Tzamarias, S.E., Utrobicic, A., Veenhof, R., Wang, X., White, S., Zhang, Z., Zhou, Y., CERN [Genève], Université Paris-Saclay, Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, University of Lisboa, Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique et Interactions en phase Condensée (DICO), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Zagreb, University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), University of Virginia, We acknowledge the financial support of the EP R&D, CERN Strategic Programme on Technologies for Future Experiments, the RD51 collaboration, in the framework of RD51 common projects, the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, the PHENIICS Doctoral School Program of Universit ́e Paris-Saclay, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central266Universities of China, the Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 11935014), the COFUND-FP-CERN-2014 program (grant number 665779), the Funda ̧c ̃ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal (grants IF/00410/2012 and CERN/FIS-PAR/0006/2017), the Enhanced Eurotalents program (PCOFUND-GA-2013-600382), and the US CMS program under DOE contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359.
Subjects: instrumentation, detector, Electronic architecture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], PICOSEC Micromegas detector
Abstract: International audience; The PICOSEC Micromegas detector is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled to a semi-transparent photocathode and a Micromegas amplifying structure. First single-pad prototypes demonstrated a time resolution below = 25 ps, however, to make the concept appropriate to physics applications, several developments are required. The objective of this work was to achieve an equivalent time resolution for a 10 × 10 cm area PICOSEC Micromegas detector. The prototype was designed, produced and tested in the laboratory and successfully operated with a 80 GeV/c muon beam. Preliminary results for this device equipped with a CsI photocathode demonstrated a time resolution below = 25 ps for all measured pads. The time resolution was reduced to be below = 18 ps by decreasing the drift gap to 180 m and using dedicated RF amplifier cards as new electronics. The excellent timing performance of the single-channel proof of concept was not only transferred to the 100-channel prototype, but even improved, making the PICOSEC Micromegas detector more suitable for large-area experiments in need of detectors with high time resolutions.
Published: 2022
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5. Atomic Insights into the Events Governing the Borosilicate Glass–Water Interface

Author: Stéphane Gin, J.M. Delaye, Rodolphe Pollet, Hicham Jabraoui, Thibault Charpentier, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Département de recherche sur les technologies pour l'enrichissement, le démantèlement et les déchets (DE2D), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Programmes Transversaux de Compétences ≪Simulation Numérique≫ (ALTERVER) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME)
Subjects: Materials science, Interface (Java), Borosilicate glass, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, Chemical engineering, Degradation (geology), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; An atomistic understanding of the mechanisms that govern the borosilicate glass–water interface is highly needed to obtain initial assessments of the phenomena occurring during the degradation of nuclear waste forms. To this end, we have simulated a structural model of sodium borosilicate glass using classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations followed by a Car–Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study both the reactivity and water adsorption events on a sodium borosilicate glass. The obtained results revealed that: (i) Na+ ions are directly involved in the first stages of the dissolution mechanism, namely, the penetration of water and the release of the most accessible sodium from the surface of the glass to the aqueous solution, (ii) due to the presence of a higher amount of sodium ions closer to BIV than BIII units, the boron atom with the BIII unit is more accessible to accommodate water molecules than the one with the BIV unit, and (iii) the attack of BIII by a water molecule occurs by a phenomenon of nondissociative adsorption followed by dissociative adsorption where the adsorbed water dissociates by the presence of another nearby water molecule. An analysis of the electronic structure, based on maximally localized Wannier functions, shows that the nondissociative adsorption presents a noncovalent bond between one of the lone pairs of the water molecule and BIII (B–OH2) by an interatomic distance of 1.57 Å, whereas the dissociative adsorption of this water molecule showed a B–OH covalent bond by an interatomic distance of 1.49 Å. Water molecules are collectively adsorbed on a B adsorption site, which ultimately leads to terminal B–OH and silanol H–NBO formations. As B–OH is formed, the boron site begins to attract more water molecules, which can be considered an early stage of solvation of the glass around this site. By combining DFT approaches and Bader charge analysis, our calculation reports that the adsorption of a single water molecule onto a sodium-rich site exhibits higher total interaction energy than onto a pure boron atomic site. On the other hand, DFT revealed that the water molecule adsorbed on the sodium-rich site exhibits a higher elongation of the H–OW bond length of about 0.05 Å, indicating the high probability of water dissociation and favoring the formation of H–NBO precipitates.
Published: 2021
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6. Progress in fast and red plastic scintillators

Author: Matthieu Hamel, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Financial support of the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
Subjects: instrumentation, scintillation, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, X-ray imaging, medical imaging, Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], plastic scintillator, Analytical Chemistry, Radioactivity, X-rays, TCSPC, DANS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ionizing radiation, Tomography, nuclear instrumentation, Sensor
Abstract: Radiological detection where Cherenkov residual background can be prominent requires scintillators with increased emission wavelength. Cherenkov residual background precludes the use of UV-emitting sensors such as plastic scintillators. However, the literature is scarce in red-emitting plastic scintillators and only one commercial scintillator is currently available (BC-430, from Saint-Gobain Crystals and Detectors). In addition, X-ray imaging or time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET) applications are also demanding on this type (color) of scintillators, but such applications also require that the material displays a fast response, which is not particularly the case for BC-430. We present herein our latest developments in the preparation and characterization of fast and red plastic scintillators for this application. Here, ‘fast’ means nanosecond range decay time and ‘red’ is an emission wavelength shifted towards more than 550 nm. At first, the strategy to the preparation of such material is explained by decomposing the scintillator to fundamental elements. Each stage is then optimized in terms of decay time response, then the elemental bricks are arranged to give plastic scintillator formulations that are compatible with the abovementioned characteristics. The results are compared with the red-emissive BC-430 commercial plastic, and the ultra-fast, violet-emitting BC-422Q 1% plastic. In particular, the first-time use of trans-4-dimethylamino-4′-nitrostilbene in the scintillation field as a red wavelength shifter allowed preparing plastic scintillators with the following properties: λemmax 554 nm, photoluminescence decay time 4.2 ns, and light output ≈ 6100 ph/MeV. This means a scintillator almost as bright as BC-430 but at least three times faster. This new sensor might provide useful properties for nuclear instrumentation.
Published: 2022
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7. Deep transfer learning for blended source identification in galaxy survey data

Author: A. Guinot, S. Farrens, A. Lacan, A. Z. Vitorelli, Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Kedge Business School (Kedge BS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The authors wish to acknowledge the COSMIC project funded by the CEA DRF-Impulsion call in 2016, the CrossDisciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation (SILICOSMIC project in 2018) of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission., The Euclid Collaboration, the European Space Agency and the support of the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales., ANR-19-CE23-0024,AstroDeep,Analyse de données astronomiques massives avec de l'apprentissage machine(2019), HEP, INSPIRE, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, techniques: image processing, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, methods: numerical, gravitational lensing: weak, 0103 physical sciences, Code (cryptography), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, computer.programming_language, Physics, Pixel, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pattern recognition, Python (programming language), methods: data analysis, Noise, Identification (information), Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Parametric model, Artificial intelligence, Transfer of learning, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], computer, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present BlendHunter, a proof-of-concept for a deep transfer learning based approach for the automated and robust identification of blended sources in galaxy survey data. We take the VGG-16 network with pre-trained convolutional layers and train the fully connected layers on parametric models of COSMOS images. We test the efficacy of the transfer learning by taking the weights learned on the parametric models and using them to identify blends in more realistic CFIS-like images. We compare the performance of this method to SEP (a Python implementation of SExtractor) as function of noise level and the separation between sources. We find that BlendHunter outperforms SEP by $\sim 15\%$ in terms of classification accuracy for close blends ($, 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2022
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8. Importance sampling based active learning for parametric seismic fragility curve estimation

Author: Gauchy, Clement, Feau, Cyril, Garnier, Josselin, Garnier, Josselin, CEA- Saclay (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Mathématiques Appliquées - Ecole Polytechnique (CMAP), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Analyse d’interactions stochastiques intelligentes et coopératives (ASCII), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and This research was supported by CEA (French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission) and SEISM Institute
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 62F35, 62L05, 62P30, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], Computer experiments, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Machine Learning (cs.LG), Methodology (stat.ME), [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], statistical learning, probabilistic risk assessment, importance sampling, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics - Machine Learning, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics - Methodology
Abstract: The key elements of seismic probabilistic risk assessment studies are the fragility curves which express the probabilities of failure of structures conditional to a seismic intensity measure. A multitude of procedures is currently available to estimate these curves. For modeling-based approaches which may involve complex and expensive numerical models, the main challenge is to optimize the calls to the numerical codes to reduce the estimation costs. Adaptive techniques can be used for this purpose, but in doing so, taking into account the uncertainties of the estimates (via confidence intervals or ellipsoids related to the size of the samples used) is an arduous task because the samples are no longer independent and possibly not identically distributed. The main contribution of this work is to deal with this question in a mathematical and rigorous way. To this end, we propose and implement an active learning methodology based on adaptive importance sampling for parametric estimations of fragility curves. We prove some theoretical properties (consistency and asymptotic normality) for the estimator of interest. Moreover, we give a convergence criterion in order to use asymptotic confidence ellipsoids. Finally, the performances of the methodology are evaluated on analytical and industrial test cases of increasing complexity.
Published: 2022

9. Effects of neutron irradiation and post-irradiation annealing on pop-in crack propagation instabilities in 6061 aluminium alloy

Author: Tom Petit, Claire Ritter, Jacques Besson, Thilo F. Morgeneyer, Laboratoire de Comportement Mécanique des Matériaux Irradiés (LCMI), Service d'Etudes des Matériaux Irradiés (SEMI), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, within the project PRT
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, aluminium, hardening, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], toughness, General Materials Science, Irradiation effects, fracture mechanisms
Abstract: International audience; This study analyses the increase of crack propagations instabilities (pop-in) with irradiation during fracture toughness testing of an aluminium alloy 6061 alloy after neutron irradiation. The aim is to identify if the crack propagation instabilities are related to microstructural heterogeneities, i.e. weak zones, or if they are linked to a competition between testing machine stiffness and tearing modulus.A mechanical analysis is performed comparing the testing machine stiffness to the tearing moduli of the irradiated materials. For this purpose an experimental program is carried out in the hot cells facility at CEA Saclay to conduct mechanical and microstructural studies, after irradiation in a Material Testing Reactor (mean conventional thermal fluence: 6.8 x 10$^{21}$ $n_{th.conv}$.cm$^{-2}$.The material hardening is quantified in this study using tensile tests after the heat treatments. The effect of this hardening on crack propagation instabilities is measured by fracture toughness tests on irradiated and precracked CT12.5 samples. Damage mechanisms are studied by SEM fractography and classical ductile fracture micromechanisms are found for all conditions without notable differences between non irradiated and irradiated materials. The evolution of toughness with irradiation and subsequent heat treatments is therefore attributed to the matrix hardening/softening and its effect on nucleation of voids on brittle second phase particles as evidenced by the same authors for classical age hardening of the alloy.To investigate experimentally if the crack propagation instabilities are related to the tearing moduli, heat treatments of the irradiated material are applied that soften the material. It is shown that with softening, the number of crack propagation instabilities decreases and eventually the pop-ins disappear. The instability criteria using J-Δa R-curves of the toughness tests are applied and it is concluded that the increase in pop-ins with irradiation is resulting from the decrease of the material tearing modulus (and its interaction with the machine stiffness).The toughness test results of the irradiated material of the present study are compared with those of the literature and show very good agreement.
Published: 2022
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10. C910 chemical compound inhibits the traffiking of several bacterial AB toxins with cross-protection against influenza virus

Author: Yu Wu, Nassim Mahtal, Eléa Paillares, Léa Swistak, Sara Sagadiev, Mridu Acharya, Caroline Demeret, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Olivier Schwartz, Serena Petracchini, Amel Mettouchi, Lucie Caramelle, Pierre Couvineau, Robert Thai, Peggy Barbe, Mathilde Keck, Priscille Brodin, Arnaud Machelart, Valentin Sencio, François Trottein, Martin Sachse, Gaëtan Chicanne, Bernard Payrastre, Florian Ville, Victor Kreis, Michel-Robert Popoff, Ludger Johannes, Jean-Christophe Cintrat, Julien Barbier, Daniel Gillet, Emmanuel Lemichez, TROTTEIN, François, Caractérisation d'un composé antitoxines bactériennes à large spectre - - ToxProtect_Larg_Spectr2019 - ANR-19-ASTR-0001 - ASTRID - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Research Laboratory on Drugs and Therapeutic Innovation - - LERMIT2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0033 - LABX - VALID, Toxines bactériennes - Bacterial Toxins, Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Microbiologie Intégrative et Moléculaire (UMR6047), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (ex SIMOPRO) (SIMoS), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Marquage (SCBM), Seattle Children's Research Institute [Seattle, WA, USA], Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Lille, Plateforme BioImagerie Ultrastructurale – Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform (UTechS UBI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Chimie biologique des membranes et ciblage thérapeutique (CBMCT - UMR 3666 / U1143), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was funded by the joint ministerial program of Research and Development against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive risks ( CBRNE ), grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ( ANR-19-ASTR-0001 ), Labex IBEID ( ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID ), and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission ( CEA ). N.M., E.P., L.C., and F.V. were supported by DGA-MRIS/AID scholarships with CEA or Pasteur. SIMoS and SCBM are members of the Laboratory of Excellence LERMIT and were supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ( ANR-10-LABX-33 )., ANR-19-ASTR-0001,ToxProtect_Larg_Spectr,Caractérisation d'un composé antitoxines bactériennes à large spectre(2019), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0033,LERMIT,Research Laboratory on Drugs and Therapeutic Innovation(2010), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; The development of anti-infectives against a large range of AB-like toxin-producing bacteria includes the identification of compounds disrupting toxin transport through both the endolysosomal and retrograde pathways. Here, we performed a high-throughput screening of compounds blocking Rac1 proteasomal degradation triggered by the Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor-1 (CNF1) toxin, which was followed by orthogonal screens against two toxins that hijack the endolysosomal (diphtheria toxin) or retrograde (Shiga-like toxin 1) pathways to intoxicate cells. This led to the identification of the molecule C910 that induces the enlargement of EEA1-positive early endosomes associated with sorting defects of CNF1 and Shiga toxins to their trafficking pathways. C910 protects cells against eight bacterial AB toxins and the CNF1-mediated pathogenic Escherichia coli invasion. Interestingly, C910 reduces influenza A H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in vitro. Moreover, parenteral administration of C910 to mice resulted in its accumulation in lung tissues and a reduction in lethal influenza infection.
Published: 2022
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11. Treatment of Uranium and Plutonium Solutions Generated in the Atalante Facility, France - 12004

Author: Lagrave, Herve [French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission - CEA, Rhone Valley Research Center, BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Ceze Cedex (France)]
Published: 2012

12. New contactless method for thermal diffusivity measurements using modulated photothermal radiometry

Author: Semerok, A. [French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Nuclear Energy, DEN/DANS/DPC/SEARS/LISL, 91191 Gif/Yvette (France)]
Published: 2014
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13. Leaching and Reactivity at the Sodium Aluminosilicate Glass–Water Interface: Insights from a ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Study

Author: Hicham Jabraoui, Rodolphe Pollet, Stéphane Gin, Jean-Marc Delaye, Thibault Charpentier, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Département de recherche sur les technologies pour l'enrichissement, le démantèlement et les déchets (DE2D), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Programmes Transversaux de Compétences Simulation Numérique (ALTERVER) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), HPC/AI resources of TGCC under the allocation 2021-A0100810825 made by GENCI, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME)
Subjects: Materials science, Force field (physics), 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Molecular dynamics, chemistry.chemical_compound, General Energy, Chemical engineering, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Reactivity (chemistry), Leaching (metallurgy), Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ReaxFF, 0210 nano-technology, Sodium aluminosilicate
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we used ReaxFF reactive force field molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the dynamics associated with reactivity at the sodium aluminosilicate (NAS) glass–water interface. By combining van Hove correlation functions and visual analysis of individual trajectories, we found that when a Na+ ion leaves its initial position at the glass surface under the effect of water, it can be replaced either by a H+ ion or by another diffused Na+, resulting in a (Na+ ⇌ H+) ion exchange or (Na+ ⇌ Na+) ion exchange, respectively. These rearrangements at the NAS glass–water interface take place through many events such as the formation of oxygen-bearing functional groups (silanol Si(OH), germinal silanol Si(OH)2, and Al(OH)) and the agglomeration of Na+ ions on the glass surface. The high affinity between water and Na+ ions leads to two events, namely, the penetration of the water molecule into the first glass layer and the release of Na+ ions into the bulk water. The release of sodium ions into bulk water takes place via several successive steps: (1) leaving their original position to an area more exposed to bulk water, (2) diffusion to the surface of the glass, (3) leaving the surface toward the solution, and (4) coming back to the glass surface. Statistical analysis shows that oxygen-bearing functional group formation occurs both by protonation of the nonbridging oxygen (NBO) site and by filling defects such as SiIII, AlIII, and AlIV by OH– resulting from the dissociation of water molecules, while in the bulk, they could be produced by the proton jumps between two adjacent NBO sites and dissociation of the water diffused in deep layers of glass. Germinal silanol groups (Si(OH)2) are present in small amounts in the first layer of the glass after the protonation of two NBOs from a single SiIV. This process is accompanied by the conversion of AlIII and AlIV units into AlV units and SiIII units into SiIV units. By comparing the networks of Si and Al, we found that Al is more impacted by the occurrence of water molecules than Si, which is explained by an increase in the diffusion coefficient of Al compared with Si when these units become protonated (Si(OH) and Al(OH)).
Published: 2021
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14. Reprogramming Escherichia coli for the production of prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloids

Author: Nicolas Canu, Muriel Gondry, Isabelle Correia, Pascal Belin, Robert Thai, Olivier Lequin, Isabelle Jacques, Pavlina Dubois, Steven G. DuBois, Fabien Le Chevalier, Mireille Moutiez, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des biomolécules (LBM UMR 7203), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (ex SIMOPRO) (SIMoS), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This work was supported by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), the Sorbonne University and the French National Research Agency (grant ANR-16-CE29-0026)., We thank Dr Taek Soon Lee and Melanya Gudzeva from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for providing us with plasmids pJBEI-3085 and pJBEI-3122., ANR-16-CE29-0026,DKP-COMBIBIO,L'utilisation des voies de biosynthèse dépendant des synthases de cyclodipeptides pour obtenir de nouvelles 2,5-dicétopipérazines bioactives(2016), Chimie Moléculaire de Paris Centre (FR 2769), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Chimie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institute of Neurosciences and Psychology [Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Stereochemistry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Context (language use), Diketopiperazines, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Indole Alkaloids, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Escherichia coli, Moiety, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Author Correction, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, Indole test, Prenylation, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, Alkaloid, lcsh:R, Bioproduction, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, Biocatalysis, lcsh:Q, Mevalonate pathway, Genetic Engineering, Metabolic engineering, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Prenylated indole diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloids are important bioactive molecules or their precursors. In the context of synthetic biology, efficient means for their biological production would increase their chemical diversification and the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Here, we prove the suitability of the Escherichia coli chassis for the production of prenylated indole DKP alkaloids. We used enzyme combinations not found in nature by co-expressing bacterial cyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) that assemble the DKP ring and fungal prenyltransferases (PTs) that transfer the allylic moiety from the dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to the indole ring of tryptophanyl-containing cyclodipeptides. Of the 11 tested combinations, seven resulted in the production of eight different prenylated indole DKP alkaloids as determined by LC-MS/MS and NMR characterization. Two were previously undescribed. Engineering E. coli by introducing a hybrid mevalonate pathway for increasing intracellular DMAPP levels improved prenylated indole DKP alkaloid production. Purified product yields of 2–26 mg/L per culture were obtained from culture supernatants. Our study paves the way for the bioproduction of novel prenylated indole DKP alkaloids in a tractable chassis that can exploit the cyclodipeptide diversity achievable with CDPSs and the numerous described PT activities.
Published: 2019
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15. Electrophysiological Evaluation of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Sensitivity to Saxitoxin and Tetrodotoxin

Author: Boullot, Floriane, Fabioux, Caroline, Hégaret, Hélène, Boudry, Pierre, Soudant, Philippe, Benoit, Evelyne, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (ex SIMOPRO) (SIMoS), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), SIMOPRO, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This research was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR) [13-CESA-0019-ACCUTOX], the French Research Network PHYCOTOX, the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). F.B. was supported by a pre-doctoral fellowship from the Région Bretagne and the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO)., ANR-13-CESA-0019,ACCUTOX,De la caractérisation des déterminants de l'accumulation des toxines paralysantes (PST) chez l'huître (Crassostrea gigas) au risque sanitaire pour l'homme dans son contexte sociétal(2013), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), ERL CNRS 9004, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: animal structures, QH301-705.5, Alexandrium minutum, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages, Crassostrea gigas, equipment and supplies, paralytic shellfish toxins, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, compound nerve action potential, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Biology (General), geographic locations
Abstract: Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) may bio-accumulate high levels of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) during harmful algal blooms of the genus Alexandrium. These blooms regularly occur in coastal waters, affecting oyster health and marketability. The aim of our study was to analyse the PST-sensitivity of nerves of Pacific oysters in relation with toxin bio-accumulation. The results show that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of saxitoxin (STX) sensitivity, thus providing intermediate STX sensitivity compared to other bivalve species. However, theses nerves were much less sensitive to tetrodotoxin. The STX-sensitivity of compound nerve action potential (CNAP) recorded from oysters experimentally fed with Alexandrium minutum (toxic-alga-exposed oysters), or Tisochrysis lutea, a non-toxic microalga (control oysters), revealed that oysters could be separated into STX-resistant and STX-sensitive categories, regardless of the diet. Moreover, the percentage of toxin-sensitive nerves was lower, and the STX concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of CNAP higher, in recently toxic-alga-exposed oysters than in control bivalves. However, no obvious correlation was observed between nerve sensitivity to STX and the STX content in oyster digestive glands. None of the nerves isolated from wild and farmed oysters was detected to be sensitive to tetrodotoxin. In conclusion, this study highlights the good potential of cerebrovisceral nerves of Pacific oysters for electrophysiological and pharmacological studies. In addition, this study shows, for the first time, that C. gigas nerves have micromolar range of STX sensitivity. The STX sensitivity decreases, at least temporary, upon recent oyster exposure to dinoflagellates producing PST under natural, but not experimental environment.
Published: 2021
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16. Design and integration of femtosecond fiber Bragg gratings temperature probes inside actively cooled ITER-like plasma-facing components

Author: C. Destouches, C. Dechelle, L. Dubus, B. Santraine, M. Richou, Nicolas Roussel, Guillaume Laffont, F. Gallay, C. Pocheau, B. De Gentile, G. Caulier, Jonathan Gaspar, R. Cotillard, Caroline Hernandez, Marc Missirlian, Yann Corre, N. Chanet, Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Capteurs Fibres Optiques (LCFO), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), and Financial support of the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission.
Subjects: Tokamak, Materials science, WEST, Plasma parameters, Plasma heat flux, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], law.invention, Fiber Bragg grating, law, High temperature measurement, General Materials Science, Fiber, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], tokamak, Groove (music), nuclear instrumentation, Civil and Structural Engineering, instrumentation, Optical fiber sensor, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Divertor, Distributed and Quasi-distributed sensing, Laser, Plasma facing component, regenerated Fiber Bragg grating, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Femtosecond, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Measuring the temperature in plasma-facing components (PFCs) provides information both on plasma parameters in the divertor region and on the thermal stress experienced by PFCs. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are interesting candidates for this application because they are immune to electromagnetic interferences and their ability to be multiplexed allows an extended spatial coverage. Four fibers, each of them including eleven regenerated Bragg gratings, have been embedded in tungsten-coated graphite components and operated up to their signal-collapsing limit at 800 °C. Extending the measurement range towards higher temperatures increases the sensitivity to plasma parameters and allows withstanding higher energy experiments. To overcome thermal limitations, the system is up-graded using femtosecond laser inscribed fibers. In addition to their outstanding thermal stability, femtosecond FBGs benefit from higher signal-to-noise ratios than regenerated FBGs. The paper addresses femtosecond FBGs design and issues relative to their integration inside the actively cooled ITER-like PFCs of the WEST tokamak. The period and length of the gratings are designed to increase the number of measurement spots to fourteen gratings per fiber, regularly distributed over 17 cm, while ensuring robust detection even with strong thermal gradients (no overlapping or deformation of Bragg peaks). The system operates up to 1200 °C with gradients reaching 200 °C/mm perpendicularly and 40 °C/mm in parallel to the fiber. FBGs are inserted in actively cooled ITER-like PFCs through a 2.5 mm deep lateral groove localized at 5 mm beneath the top of bulk tungsten monoblocks. A PFC mock-up machined with a groove has been tested under HHF facility to assess the effect of the groove on monoblocks thermal behavior. The test demonstrates that machined monoblocks behave as expected from simulation and can withstand 20 MW/m2 heat flux (i.e. 1200 °C in the fiber) with 20 % overheating as compared to intact monoblocks.
Published: 2021
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17. Chemical and structural evolution of nano-oxides from mechanical alloying to consolidated ferritic oxide dispersion strengthened steel

Author: Gabriel Spartacus, Joël Malaplate, Frédéric De Geuser, Isabelle Mouton, Denis Sornin, Michel Perez, Raphaëlle Guillou, Benoit Arnal, Elodie Rouesne, Alexis Deschamps, Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Laboratoire d'Analyse Microstructurale des Matériaux (LA2M), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research was founded by the Reactors of 4th Generation (R4G) program of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)., ANR-11-EQPX-0020,GENESIS,Groupe d'Etudes et de Nanoanalyses des Effets d'IrradiationS(2011), CEA- Saclay (CEA), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)
Subjects: History, Polymers and Plastics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Metals and Alloys, Ceramics and Composites, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: International audience; Ferritic Oxides Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) steels are of great interest for nuclear fission and fusion power plants. The nano-oxides embedded into the matrix provide the main contribution to the ODS steel strength. Understanding of the precipitation mechanism of ODS steels is thus critical for optimizing the fabrication process, involving Mechanical Alloying (MA) of Fe-14Cr, Y2O3 and TiH2 powders. In this study, results from small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, atom probe tomography and electron microscopy have been combined to investigate the nano-oxides evolution throughout the whole consolidation thermal treatment until 1100 °C. After MA clusters are observed, composed of Y, O and Ti. During heating these clusters grow and new ones nucleate, together with a sequential enrichment in Ti (from as-MA to 700 °C) and Y (between 900 and 1100 °C). A small quantity of Al is also found in the nano-oxides between 700 and 1100 °C. At 1100 °C the nano-oxides are found to be mainly Y2Ti2O7 and subsequently progressively transform to Y2TiO5 during isothermal holding. Nano-oxides display however an unchanged extremely low coarsening rate, demonstrating the outstanding stability of both Y2Ti2O7 and Y2TiO5 at 1100 °C.
Published: 2022
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18. A two-component parameterization of marine ice-nucleating particles based on seawater biology and sea spray aerosol measurements in the Mediterranean Sea

Author: Jonathan V. Trueblood, Alesia Nicosia, Anja Engel, Birthe Zäncker, Matteo Rinaldi, Evelyn Freney, Melilotus Thyssen, Ingrid Obernosterer, Julie Dinasquet, Franco Belosi, Antonio Tovar-Sánchez, Araceli Rodriguez-Romero, Gianni Santachiara, Cécile Guieu, Karine Sellegri, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Istituto di Scienze dell'Atmosfera e del Clima [Bologna] (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia [Cádiz, Espagne] (ICMAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (France), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Météo-France, European Commission, NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 13. Climate action, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, 01 natural sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) have a large impact on the climate-relevant properties of clouds over the oceans. Studies have shown that sea spray aerosols (SSAs), produced upon bursting of bubbles at the ocean surface, can be an important source of marine INPs, particularly during periods of enhanced biological productivity. Recent mesocosm experiments using natural seawater spiked with nutrients have revealed that marine INPs are derived from two separate classes of organic matter in SSAs. Despite this finding, existing parameterizations for marine INP abundance are based solely on single variables such as SSA organic carbon (OC) or SSA surface area, which may mask specific trends in the separate classes of INP. The goal of this paper is to improve the understanding of the connection between ocean biology and marine INP abundance by reporting results from a field study and proposing a new parameterization of marine INPs that accounts for the two associated classes of organic matter. The PEACETIME cruise took place from 10 May to 10 June 2017 in the Mediterranean Sea. Throughout the cruise, INP concentrations in the surface microlayer r (INPSML) and in SSAs (INPSSA) produced using a plunging aquarium apparatus were continuously monitored while surface seawater (SSW) and SML biological properties were measured in parallel. The organic content of artificially generated SSAs was also evaluated. INPSML concentrations were found to be lower than those reported in the literature, presumably due to the oligotrophic nature of the Mediter ranean Sea. A dust wet deposition event that occurred during the cruise increased the INP concentrations measured in the SML by an order of magnitude, in line with increases in iron in the SML and bacterial abundances. Increases in INPSSA were not observed until after a delay of 3 days compared to increases in the SML and are likely a result of a strong in fluence of bulk SSW INPs for the temperatures investigated (T =-18 °C for SSAs, T =-15 °C for SSW). Results con firmed that INPSSA are divided into two classes depending on their associated organic matter. Here we find that warm (T ≥-22 °C) INPSSA concentrations are correlated with water soluble organic matter (WSOC) in the SSAs, but also with SSW parameters (particulate organic carbon, POCSSW and INPSSW,-16C) while cold INPSSA (T, CHARMEX and MERMEX are supported by CNRS-INSU, IFREMER, CEA, and Météo-France as part of the programme MISTRALS coordinated by INSU. The Sea2Cloud project is funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Sea2Cloud grant agreement no. 771369). Emmanuel Boss's group is funded by NASA Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry.
Published: 2021
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19. Green recycling methods to treat lithium-ion batteries E-waste: a circular approach to sustainability

Author: Joyashree Roy, Qingyu Yan, Yang Dja-Ia Cindy, Daniel Meyer, Xian Yi Tan, Michaël Carboni, Kenny Wu Zhuoran, Vida Krikstolaityte, Madhavi Srinivasan, Saptak Rarotra, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Systèmes HYbrides pour la Séparation (LHyS), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and 'Singapore –CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE, award number USS-IF-2018-4),' is acknowledged, which is a joint lab setup between Nanyang Technological University (NTU, Singapore) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, France)
Subjects: Materials science, Reuse, Lithium, Electronic Waste, Metal–Organic Frameworks, Electric Power Supplies, Electrodeposition, Chemistry [Science], General Materials Science, Recycling, Electronics, Circular Economy, Renewable energy storage, Ions, Electrode material, Value creation, Bioleaching, Waste management, Materials [Engineering], Mechanical Engineering, Circular economy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Environmentally friendly, Battery E-Waste, Mechanics of Materials, Metals, Sustainability
Abstract: E-waste generated from end-of-life spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is increasing at a rapid rate owing to the increasing consumption of these batteries in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy storage worldwide. On the one hand, landfilling and incinerating LIBs e-waste poses environmental and safety concerns owing to their constituent materials. On the other hand, scarcity of metal resources used in manufacturing LIBs and potential value creation through the recovery of these metal resources from spent LIBs has triggered increased interest in recycling spent LIBs from e-waste. State of the art recycling of spent LIBs involving pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy processes generates considerable unwanted environmental concerns. Hence, alternative innovative approaches toward the green recycling process of spent LIBs are essential to tackle large volumes of spent LIBs in an environmentally friendly way. Such evolving techniques for spent LIBs recycling based on green approaches, including bioleaching, waste for waste approach, and electrodeposition, are discussed here. Furthermore, the ways to regenerate strategic metals post leaching, efficiently reprocess extracted high-value materials, and reuse them in applications including electrode materials for new LIBs. The concept of “circular economy” is highlighted through closed-loop recycling of spent LIBs achieved through green-sustainable approaches. Ministry of National Development (MND) National Environmental Agency (NEA) National Research Foundation (NRF) Submitted/Accepted version A grant award from NEA (National Environmental Agency, Singapore) and Ministry of National Development (MND, Singapore) titled “Singapore –CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE, award number USS-IF-2018-4),” is acknowledged, which is a joint lab set up between Nanyang Technological University (NTU, Singapore) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, France).
Published: 2021
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20. Globally optimized 3D SPARKLING trajectories for high-resolution T2*-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author: G R, Chaithya, Weiss, Pierre, Massire, Aurélien, Vignaud, Alexandre, Ciuciu, Philippe, Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Modelling brain structure, function and variability based on high-field MRI data (PARIETAL), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Service NEUROSPIN (NEUROSPIN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PRIMO (ITAV), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des Technologies Avancées en sciences du Vivant (ITAV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Siemens Healthineers [Saint-Denis], Unité Baobab (BAOBAB), We acknowledge the financial support of the CrossDisciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation of CEA (SILICOSMIC project, PI: P. Ciuciu), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of TGCC in France under the allocation 2019-GCH0424 made by GENCI. Pierre Weiss was supported by the ANR JCJC Optimization on Measures Spaces ANR-17-CE23-0013-01 and the ANR-3IA Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute., ANR-17-CE23-0013,OMS,Optimisation sur des espaces de mesures(2017), and ANR-19-P3IA-0004,ANITI,Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute(2019)
Subjects: 3D MRI, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, non-Cartesian, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, fast imaging, acceleration, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], optimization, non-Cartesian sampling, compressed sensing
Abstract: The Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space sampLING, or SPARKLING, is an optimization-driven method that has been recently introduced for accelerated 2D T2* weighted magnetic resonance imaging~(MRI) using compressed sensing. It has then been extended to address 3D imaging using either stacks of 2D sampling patterns or a local 3D strategy that optimizes a single sampling trajectory at a time. 2D SPARKLING actually performs variable density sampling (VDS) along a prescribed target density while maximizing sampling efficiency and meeting the gradient-based hardware constraints. However, 3D SPARKLING has remained limited in terms of acceleration factors along the third dimension if one wants to preserve a peaky point spread function (PSF) and thus good image quality.In this paper, in order to achieve higher acceleration factors in 3D imaging while preserving image quality, we propose a new efficient algorithm that performs globally optimized 3D SPARKLING. Its computational complexity scales up with the number of k-space samples p at the rate of O(p log(p)) and allows for the optimization of all k-space trajectories simultaneously, thus yielding a full 3D VDS pattern. We compare multi-CPU and GPU implementations and demonstrate that the latter is optimal for 3D imaging in the high-resolution acquisition regime (600 um isotropic). Finally, we show that this novel globally optimized 3D SPARKLING approach outperforms stacking strategies through retrospective and prospective studies on NIST phantom and in vivo brain scans at 3 Tesla, respectively. Overall the proposed method allows for 5x shorter scan times compared to GRAPPA-4 parallel imaging acquisition at 3 Tesla.
Published: 2020

21. Development of alpha-emitting large area radioactive surface sources tailored for decommissioning

Author: Lucille Chambon, Dilan Tüzün, Christophe Bobin, Margot Corbel, Valérie Lourenço, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département d'instrumentation Numérique (DIN (CEA-LIST)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and financial support of the Carnot project CaPSuD of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, dismantling, surface contamination, Primary activity measurement, calibration, reference source, decommissioning, metrology, radioactivity, encapsulation, waste management, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], ionizing radiation, [CHIM.RADIO]Chemical Sciences/Radiochemistry, Instrumentation, Surface sources
Abstract: International audience; The reliability of contamination measurements during decommissioning and dismantling of used nuclear facilities is of the utmost importance for the rest of the process and an efficient waste management. Therefore, the surface contamination monitors used have to be calibrated on-site, regularly, with the use of reference sources. There is a need for new reference sources that could compare to real contaminated surfaces in term of size, level of contamination, but also shape and roughness, while being traceable to national standards and without labile contamination. The approach described herein is the encapsulation of radionuclides in the matrix of an epoxy resin. Surface sources are obtained by pouring the liquid resin in molds of desired size and geometry. Any radionuclide can be scavenged, even volatile ones, as long as they can be processed in aqueous form. The activity used to spike the resin is traceable and was compared with the emission rate of particles measured using a primary method of standardization, the coincidence technique. For alpha emitting radionuclides, the source efficiency is low, around 1 %, but the relation between activity and surface emission rate has proven robust at different activity levels and source thickness. The uniformity of the sources is below 90 %, for sources larger than 100 cm², however large area modular pixelated sources with uniformity of around 90 % could be obtained by assembling several smaller sources. Additionally, the sources prepared have shown no or very low labile contamination, using dry and wet smear tests. This allows their use without any cover layer, and is very beneficial for their use in harsh on-site environments. The sources prepared do not comply with most of the standard ISO 8769 requirements, which regulates the characteristics of metrological reference sources. However, they can be applied to the specific needs of the decommissioning and dismantling process.
Published: 2022
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22. Behaviors of sodium and calcium ions at the borosilicate glass–water interface: Gaining new insights through an ab initio molecular dynamics study

Author: Hicham Jabraoui, Thibault Charpentier, Stéphane Gin, Jean-Marc Delaye, Rodolphe Pollet, Laboratoire Structure et Dynamique par Résonance Magnétique (LCF) (LSDRM), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de recherche sur les Procédés et Matériaux pour les Environnements complexes (DPME), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Programmes Transversaux de Compétences 'Simulation Numérique' (ALTERVER) of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), and HPC/AI resources of TGCC under Allocation No. 2021-A0100810825 made by GENCI
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: We study reactivity and leaching at the calcium sodium borosilicate (CNBS)–water interface by means of a Car–Parrinello ab initio molecular dynamics simulation over a simulation time of 100 ps. With an emphasis on the comparison between the behaviors of Ca2+ and Na+ cations at the CNBS glass–water interface, different mechanism events during the trajectory are revealed, discussed, and correlated with other density functional theory calculations. We show that Na+ ions can be released in solution, while Ca2+ cannot leave the surface of CNBS glass. This release is correlated with the vacancy energy of Ca2+ and Na+ cations. Here, we found that the CNBS structure with the Na+ cation vacancy is energetically more favorable than the structure with the Ca2+ cation vacancy. The calcium adsorption site has been shown to have a greater affinity for water than can be found in the case of the sodium site, demonstrating that affinity may not be considered a major factor controlling the release of cations from the glass to the solution.
Published: 2022
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23. The corrosion behaviour of candidate container materials for the disposal of high-level waste and spent fuel – a summary of the state of the art and opportunities for synergies in future R&D

Author: D.W. Shoesmith, Dirk Engelberg, Digby D. Macdonald, Nikitas Diomidis, N.R. Smart, James J. Noël, Cristiano Padovani, Didier Crusset, H. Asano, Peter G. Keech, D. Féron, Valérie Deydier, T. Ahn, Christina Lilja, Fraser King, H. Hänninen, Sophia Necib, Roberto Gaggiano, David S. Hall, 551 Harwell, SAPHOS, Nanaimo, BC, Canada, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co (SKB), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANDRA, National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (Nagra), ONDRAF, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.NRC), Department of Nuclear Engineering [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Radioactive Waste Management RWM, Integrity Corrosion Consulting, Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company SKB, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, National Agency for Radioactive Waste Management ANDRA, National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste NAGRA, National Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Material ONDRAF/NIRAS, United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Nuclear Waste Management Organisation, University of California Berkeley, Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center RWMC, AMEC Foster Wheeler, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manchester, University of Western Ontario, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], used fuel container, GeneralLiterature_INTRODUCTORYANDSURVEY, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 12. Responsible consumption, Corrosion, High-level waste, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Forensic engineering, General Materials Science, ta216, corrosion, Waste management, radioactive waste management, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Spent nuclear fuel, 13. Climate action, Container (abstract data type), Deep geological repository, Environmental science, deep geological repository, Nuclear waste management, 0210 nano-technology, spent fuel container
Abstract: This paper presents a state-of-the-art analysis of the expected degradation processes of a variety of candidate container materials for the disposal of high-level waste and/or spent nuclear fuel. The work, focusing on the most recent developments, has been performed under the auspices of the Implementing Geological Disposal Technology Platform in the context of an international conference hosted by the Nuclear Waste Management Organisation of Canada (NWMO). The scope of the analysis includes the expected corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking behaviour of copper, carbon steel and titanium in contact with relevant buffer materials (e.g. bentonite, cement) and in conditions expected in an underground disposal facility (long-term anoxic conditions). Considerations relative to the expected evolution of the environmental conditions (especially in the period following backfilling) are also presented. Beyond summarising the current state of knowledge, areas in which opportunities for international collaboration may be present are also highlighted. This paper is part of a supplement on the 6th International Workshop on Long-Term Prediction of Corrosion Damage in Nuclear Waste Systems.
Published: 2017
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24. PPanGGOLiN: Depicting microbial diversity via a partitioned pangenome graph

Author: Adelme Bazin, Stéphane Cruveiller, Claudine Médigue, David Vallenet, Guillaume Gautreau, Rémi Planel, Eduardo P. C. Rocha, Mathieu Gachet, Amandine Perrin, Mathieu Dubois, Christophe Ambroise, Alexandra Calteau, Catherine Matias, Laura Burlot, Analyse Bio-Informatique pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme (LABGeM), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique évolutive des Microbes / Microbial Evolutionary Genomics, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistique et Modélisation (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Modélisation d'Evry (LaMME), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-ENSIIE-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-11-INBS-0013,IFB (ex Renabi-IFB),Institut français de bioinformatique(2011), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ED 515 - Complexité du vivant, Laboratoire de Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisations (LPSM (UMR_8001)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), This research was supported in part by the IRTELIS and Phare PhD programs of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) for GG and AB respectively, the French Government 'Investissements d’Avenir' programs (namely FRANCE GENOMIQUE [ANR-10-INBS-09-08], the INSTITUT FRANÇAIS DE BIOINFORMATIQUE [ANR-11-INBS-0013], and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [Projet ANR-16-CE12-29 for EPCR])., We acknowledge Alexandre Renaux and Jonathan Mercier for their preliminary insights on pangenome graphs. We thank Mélanie Buy for drawing the PPanGGOLiN logo. Finally, we thank Guilhem Royer, Valentin Sabatet, Johan Rollin, Mohammed-Amin Madoui, Tom Delmont, Nicolas Pons and Pierre Peterlongo for all their advice along this work., Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), and Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités]
Subjects: Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Genome, 010104 statistics & probability, Database and Informatics Methods, Biology (General), Genome Evolution, Genomic organization, Data Management, 0303 health sciences, Markov random field, Applied Mathematics, Simulation and Modeling, Genomics, Genomic Databases, Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Synthetic Biology, Algorithms, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, QH301-705.5, Computational biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Molecular Evolution, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genetics, Gene family, 0101 mathematics, Gene, Genome size, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, Comparative genomics, Evolutionary Biology, Bacteria, Correction, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, 15. Life on land, Comparative Genomics, Synthetic Genomics, Genome Analysis, Biological Databases, Multivariate Analysis, Genome dynamics, Genome, Bacterial, Software, Mathematics
Abstract: The use of comparative genomics for functional, evolutionary, and epidemiological studies requires methods to classify gene families in terms of occurrence in a given species. These methods usually lack multivariate statistical models to infer the partitions and the optimal number of classes and don’t account for genome organization. We introduce a graph structure to model pangenomes in which nodes represent gene families and edges represent genomic neighborhood. Our method, named PPanGGOLiN, partitions nodes using an Expectation-Maximization algorithm based on multivariate Bernoulli Mixture Model coupled with a Markov Random Field. This approach takes into account the topology of the graph and the presence/absence of genes in pangenomes to classify gene families into persistent, cloud, and one or several shell partitions. By analyzing the partitioned pangenome graphs of isolate genomes from 439 species and metagenome-assembled genomes from 78 species, we demonstrate that our method is effective in estimating the persistent genome. Interestingly, it shows that the shell genome is a key element to understand genome dynamics, presumably because it reflects how genes present at intermediate frequencies drive adaptation of species, and its proportion in genomes is independent of genome size. The graph-based approach proposed by PPanGGOLiN is useful to depict the overall genomic diversity of thousands of strains in a compact structure and provides an effective basis for very large scale comparative genomics. The software is freely available at https://github.com/labgem/PPanGGOLiN., Author summary Microorganisms have the greatest biodiversity and evolutionary history on earth. At the genomic level, it is reflected by a highly variable gene content even among organisms from the same species which explains the ability of microbes to be pathogenic or to grow in specific environments. We developed a new method called PPanGGOLiN which accurately represents the genomic diversity of a species (i.e. its pangenome) using a compact graph structure. Based on this pangenome graph, we classify genes by a statistical method according to their occurrence in the genomes. This method allowed us to build pangenomes even for uncultivated species at an unprecedented scale. We applied our method on all available genomes in databanks in order to depict the overall diversity of hundreds of species. Overall, our work enables microbiologists to explore and visualize pangenomes alike a subway map.
Published: 2020
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25. Phase and fluorescence imaging with a surprisingly simple microscope based on chromatic aberration

Author: Ondřej Mandula, Jean-Philippe Kleman, Cédric Allier, Françoise Lacroix, Sophie Morales, Pierre Blandin, Daniel Fiole, Dorothee C. Kraemer, Lionel Hervé, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Plateforme M4D, Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, and French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
Subjects: Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy, Microscope, Materials science, Optical Phenomena, Image quality, Phase (waves), Image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Hippocampus, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Chromatic aberration, Animals, Humans, Image resolution, Neurons, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], business.industry, Optical Imaging, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Micrococcus luteus, Cardinal point, Microscopy, Fluorescence, 0210 nano-technology, business, HeLa Cells
Abstract: We propose a simple and compact microscope combining phase imaging with multi-color fluorescence using a standard bright-field objective. The phase image of the sample is reconstructed from a single, approximately 100 μm out-of-focus image taken under semi-coherent illumination, while fluorescence is recorded in-focus in epi-fluorescence geometry. The reproducible changes of the focus are achieved with specifically introduced chromatic aberration in the imaging system. This allows us to move the focal plane simply by changing the imaging wavelength. No mechanical movement of neither sample nor objective or any other part of the setup is therefore required to alternate between the imaging modality. Due to its small size and the absence of motorized components the microscope can easily be used inside a standard biological incubator and allows long-term imaging of cell culture in physiological conditions. A field-of-view of 1.2 mm2 allows simultaneous observation of thousands of cells with micro-meter spatial resolution in phase and multi-channel fluorescence mode. In this manuscript we characterize the system and show a time-lapse of cell culture in phase and multi-channel fluorescence recorded inside an incubator. We believe that the small dimensions, easy usage and low cost of the system make it a useful tool for biological research.
Published: 2020
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26. Combining Organic and Inorganic Wastes to Form Metal–Organic Frameworks

Author: Daniel Meyer, Srinivasan Madhavi, Michaël Carboni, Marine Cognet, Eléonore Lagae-Capelle, Systèmes HYbrides pour la Séparation (LHyS), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Nanayang Technological University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), The 'Singapore–CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE, award number USS-IF-2018-4)', which is a joint laboratory set up between Nanyang Technological University (NTU, Singapore) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, France), Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemistry::Organic chemistry [Science], Materials science, Ethylene, selective precipitation, Mixing (process engineering), Recycling Plastic Bottles, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, metal–organic frameworks, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, Porosity, recycling batteries, Dissolution, metal-organic frameworks, lcsh:QC120-168.85, chemistry.chemical_classification, lcsh:QH201-278.5, lcsh:T, Precipitation (chemistry), Communication, Recycling Batteries, recycling plastic bottles, Polymer, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, hydrometallurgy process, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, Metal-organic framework, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Materials::Energy materials [Engineering], lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium, lcsh:TK1-9971
Abstract: This paper reports a simple method to recycle plastic-bottle and Li-ion-battery waste in one process by forming valuable coordination polymers (metal-organic frameworks, MOFs). Poly(ethylene terephthalate) from plastic bottles was depolymerized to produce an organic ligand source (terephthalate), and Li-ion batteries were dissolved as a source of metals. By mixing both dissolution solutions together, selective precipitation of an Al-based MOF, known as MIL-53 in the literature, was observed. This material can be recovered in large quantities from waste and presents similar properties of purity and porosity to as-synthesis MIL-53. This work illustrates the opportunity to form hybrid porous materials by combining different waste streams, laying the foundations for an achievable integrated circular economy from different waste cycle treatments (for batteries and plastics). Ministry of National Development (MND) National Environmental Agency (NEA) Published version This research was funded by the National Environmental Agency (NEA, Singapore) and the Ministry of National Development (MND, Singapore) with the “Singapore–CEA Alliance for Research in Circular Economy (SCARCE, award number USS-IF-2018-4)”, which is a joint laboratory set up between Nanyang Technological University (NTU, Singapore) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA, France).
Published: 2020
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27. Reinforcing materials modelling by encoding the structures of defects in crystalline solids into distortion scores

Author: Chendi Dai, Mihai-Cosmin Marinica, Alexandra Goryaeva, Clovis Lapointe, Jean-Bernard Maillet, Julien Dérès, Service de recherches de métallurgie physique (SRMP), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, DAM Île-de-France (DAM/DIF), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), This work was financially supported by the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Numerical Simulation of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission., support from GENCI - (CINES/CCRT) computer centre under Grant number A0070906973., European Project: 633053,H2020,EURATOM-Adhoc-2014-20,EUROfusion(2014), and European Project: 755039
Subjects: Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Atomic units, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Encoding (memory), Distortion, 0103 physical sciences, Computational methods, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], lcsh:Science, 010306 general physics, Structure (mathematical logic), Multidisciplinary, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Metals and alloys, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, eye diseases, Mechanical engineering, Characterization (materials science), Atomistic models, lcsh:Q, Anomaly detection, sense organs, Data mining, 0210 nano-technology, computer, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: This work revises the concept of defects in crystalline solids and proposes a universal strategy for their characterization at the atomic scale using outlier detection based on statistical distances. The proposed strategy provides a generic measure that describes the distortion score of local atomic environments. This score facilitates automatic defect localization and enables a stratified description of defects, which allows to distinguish the zones with different levels of distortion within the structure. This work proposes applications for advanced materials modelling ranging from the surrogate concept for the energy per atom to the relevant information selection for evaluation of energy barriers from the mean force. Moreover, this concept can serve for design of robust interatomic machine learning potentials and high-throughput analysis of their databases. The proposed definition of defects opens up many perspectives for materials design and characterization, promoting thereby the development of novel techniques in materials science., The presence of defects in crystalline solids affects material properties, the precise knowledge of defect characteristics being highly desirable. Here the authors demonstrate a machine-learning outlier detection method based on distortion score as an effective tool for modelling defects in crystalline solids.
Published: 2020
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28. A modified secant formulation to predict the overall behavior of elasto-viscoplastic particulate composites

Author: Mihail Garajeu, Renaud Masson, Jules Fauque, Mohamed El Bachir Seck, Service d'Etudes de Simulation du Comportement du combustibles (SESC), Département d'Etudes des Combustibles (DEC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), The authors acknowledge the financial support of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU) and the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) via Grant CEA-AMU-CNRS 4251., MISTRAL-Lab, and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Differential equation, Second-order moments, 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.MECA.SOLID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], 01 natural sciences, Viscoelasticity, 010305 fluids & plasmas, FFT calculations, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Stress (mechanics), Hashin-Shtrikman, [PHYS.MECA.STRU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Structural mechanics [physics.class-ph], Nonlinear viscoelasticity, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.MECA.MEMA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Mechanics of materials [physics.class-ph], Composite material, Viscoplasticity, Mechanical Engineering, Isotropy, [PHYS.MECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics], Strain rate, Pure shear, [PHYS.MECA.MSMECA]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Materials and structures in mechanics [physics.class-ph], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Elasto-viscoplasticity, Nonlinear system, Two-phase composites, Mechanics of Materials, Stress-free strain, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: To model the mechanical response of rate-dependent elasto-viscoplastic (or equivalently nonlinear viscoelastic) particulate composites, the proposed approach consists in linearizing the (nonlinear) relation between the viscous strain rate and the stress. To obtain a tractable problem, the linearized properties (viscous modulus, stress-free strain rate) are chosen uniform per phase: in each phase, they are computed for reference stresses per phase. Thus, we obtain a fictitious linear viscoelastic solid whose microstructure is the same as the previous one and submitted to additional uniform stress-free strains per phase. For two-phases isotropic particulate composites, this general formulation associated to Hashin–Shtrikman estimates of the above-mentioned fictitious linear viscoelastic solid yields closed-form expressions of the time evolution of the effective behavior as well as phase-averaged mechanical fields expressed as a set of nonlinear first-order differential equations. Since the linearized properties in the matrix phase are based on the second-order moment of the stress field, these estimates coincides with the upper bound (Ponte Castaneda, 1992) in the purely viscoplastic regime. These estimates are also consistent with the one given for non aging linear viscoelastic composites (correspondence principle). Finally, full-field computations are used to asses the quality of these estimates for various loading conditions varying from a pure shear to a pure differential swelling loading for moderate to highly contrasted behaviors and including non monotonic and non radial effects.
Published: 2020
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29. Design of model tokamak particles for future toxicity studies: Morphology and physical characterization

Author: Sarah Dine, I. Georges, F. Jambon, J. Chêne, Christian Grisolia, S. Garcia-Argote, Bernard Rousseau, Jérôme Rose, T. Acsente, Chiara Uboldi, G. Dine, M. Sanles Sobrido, Grégory Pieters, Véronique Malard, François Gensdarmes, Etienne Hodille, E. Bernard, Thierry Orsière, P. Beaunier, Dominique Vrel, Nathalie Herlin-Boime, Samuel Peillon, F. Miserque, Ph. Delaporte, Gheorghe Dinescu, Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Marquage (SCBM), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité des Surfaces et des Interfaces (LRSI), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux et des Hautes Pressions (LIMHP), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), National Institute for Lasers, Plasma, and Radiation Physics - INFLPR (ROMANIA), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ecole Centrale Paris, Laboratoire Lasers, Plasmas et Procédés photoniques (LP3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A*MIDEX project - 'Investissements d'Avenir' French Government programFrench National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02], Toxicology Program of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) through the TWEET project, CNRSCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEAFrench Atomic Energy Commission, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE - UMR 8587), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Galilée-Université Paris 13 (UP13), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Dusty plasma, Tokamak, Materials science, tungsten, Nuclear engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Tungsten, fusion technology, 01 natural sciences, size, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, Civil and Structural Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, tungsten nano-particles, Fusion power, Characterization (materials science), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, dust, oxide, Beryllium
Abstract: International audience; During ITER operation, it is expected that the large panel of plasma-wall interactions triggers the production of dust particles from the tungsten and beryllium first wall. These particles can be loaded with tritium (T) used as a fuel for the fusion reaction; T inventory is of prime importance for the safety assessment, particularly when considering dispersible matters that could be released in case of a Loss Of Vacuum Accident (LOVA),. The impact of accidental inhalation of such particles has therefore to be evaluated. Yet, particles properties in terms of tritium inventory and general behaviour are strongly dependent on their physical and chemical characteristics, and large uncertainties remain on those parameters; It is therefore important to obtain and characterize relevant W dust samples for toxicity studies before ITER operation starts. We produced model tungsten (W) Nano-Particles (NPs) by two different methods with characteristics closer to the plasma-wall interaction processes than grinding (usually used to produce commercial NPs): (i) magnetron plasma sputtering followed by gas condensation as well as (ii) laser ablation. The two types of tungsten NPs obtained exhibit very different properties investigated by a large characterization techniques panel; but both sets show similarities with samples collected in tokamak or observed in dusty plasmas setups, therefore could potentially be expected in ITER. Producing samples with strong differences is an asset to lead a first global study, highlighting which parameters are key, whether it affects the tritium inventory or the toxicity for lung cells during in vitro studies. In a second phase, it will help precise the impact of ITER particles when their definition will clarify. The aim of this paper is therefore to study and describe the characteristics of different types of W dusts, this knowledge being mandatory for the next steps of the project dealing with tritium inventory in the described W dusts and their suspension in various liquid media for cell exposure for toxicity studies.
Published: 2019
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30. Medica-Plus: a novel Micromegas detector for high-resolution $\beta$ imaging for improved pharmacological applications

Author: F Malloggi, Vincent Dive, Fabrice Beau, F. J. Iguaz Gutierrez, A Rousselot, M. Trocmé, F. Jambon, E. Ferrer Ribas, F. Carrel, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission. F.J. Iguaz acknowledges the support from the Enhanced Eurotalents program (PCOFUNDGA-2013-600382)., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: History, Computer science, Gamma imaging, Microfluidics, High resolution, Context (language use), [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Tumor heterogeneity, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0103 physical sciences, tumor heterogeneity, beta-rays, cancer, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 14c labelling, tritium, Detector, digital β-imager, MicroMegas detector, Computer Science Applications, 14C, In vivo biodistribution, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, radioactivity, oncology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph], Medical imaging, 3H, ionizing radiation, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; For many years 3H and 14C labelling of molecules of pharmaceutical interest has been performed to study their in vivo biodistribution on animal tissue sections through β-particles detection. Film autoradiography has progressively been replaced by digital β-imagers capable of high sensitivity, real-time imaging and activity counting for absolute quantification of radioactive compounds in tissue sections. After the discovery of the tumor heterogeneity phenomenon, research efforts for characterizing cell heterogeneity have been at the heart of oncology research, aiming at a better understanding of the causes and progression of the disease. This new perspective has also allowed for cell-targeting drugs, and radically changed both sample sizes and radiotracer activities. In this context, Medica-Plus, a transversal project gathering biologists, microfluidics specialists and detector developers, intends to perform quantification of low dose 3H- or 14C-labelled drugs inside single cells. This article reports preliminary results obtained with a prototype detector measuring tritium-generated signal.
Published: 2019
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31. Charged particle timing at sub-25 picosecond precision: The PICOSEC detection concept

Author: S. N. White, O. Maillard, L. Ropelewski, Eraldo Oliveri, Filippo Resnati, J. Franchi, D. González-Díaz, Th. Papaevangelou, Ph. Schwemling, Binbin Qi, V. Niaouris, Dimitrios Sampsonidis, K. Paraschou, Ioannis Giomataris, J. Bortfeldt, F.J. Iguaz, Francisco Garcia, Rob Veenhof, Ioannis Manthos, Michele Gallinaro, Hans Muller, P. Thuiner, Thomas Gustavsson, L. Sohl, P. Legou, S.E. Tzamarias, Y. Zhou, Florian M. Brunbauer, C. David, D. Desforge, Z. P. Zhang, M. Kebbiri, Thomas Schneider, X. L. Wang, Michal Pomorski, M. Lupberger, Y. Tsipolitis, M. van Stenis, Georgios Fanourakis, J. Liu, Claude Guyot, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), National Center for Scientific Research 'Demokritos' (NCSR), Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, University of Helsinki, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Biomolécules Excitées (DICO), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Science and Technology of China [Hefei] (USTC), Department of Physics [Thessaloniki], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, National Technical University of Athens [Athens] (NTUA), We acknowledge the financial support of the RD51 collaboration, in the framework of RD51 common projects, the Cross-Disciplinary Program on Instrumentation and Detection of CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China. We also thank K. Kordas for valuable suggestions concerning the analysis of the data. J. Bortfeldt acknowledges the support from the COFUND-FP-CERN-2014 program (grant number 665779). acknowledges the support from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal (grants IF/00410/2012 and CERN/FIS-PAR/0006/2017). acknowledges the support from MINECO (Spain) under the Ramon y Cajal program (contract RYC-2015-18820). acknowledges the support from the Enhanced Eurotalents program, Spain (PCOFUND-GA-2013-600382). S. White acknowledges partial support through the US CMS program under DOE contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359., Helsinki Institute of Physics, Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Dynamique et Interactions en phase Condensée (DICO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Picosecond timing, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 114 Physical sciences, Photocathode, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Timing algorithms, Photocathodes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, physics.ins-det, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, Resistive touchscreen, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, MicroMegas detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Proof of concept, Picosecond, Femtosecond, business, Micromegas, MPGD
Abstract: The PICOSEC detection concept consists in a "two-stage" Micromegas detector coupled to a Cherenkov radiator and equipped with a photocathode. A proof of concept has already been tested: a single-photoelectron response of 76 ps has been measured with a femtosecond UV laser at CEA/IRAMIS, while a time resolution of 24 ps with a mean yield of 10.4 photoelectrons has been measured for 150 GeV muons at the CERN SPS H4 secondary line. This work will present the main results of this prototype and the performance of the different detector configurations tested in 2016-18 beam campaigns: readouts (bulk, resistive, multipad) and photocathodes (metallic+CsI, pure metallic, diamond). Finally, the prospects for building a demonstrator based on PICOSEC detection concept for future experiments will be discussed. In particular, the scaling strategies for a large area coverage with a multichannel readout plane, the R\&D on solid converters for building a robust photocathode and the different resistive configurations for a robust readout., 4 pages, 7 figures, proceedings of the 14th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors (PM2018), submitted to Nucl. Instr. Meth. A; version 2: 2 figures modified, minor changes in the text
Published: 2019
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32. Complete Genome Sequences of Four Microbacterium Strains Isolated from Metal- and Radionuclide-Rich Soils

Author: Ortet, Philippe, Gallois, Nicolas, Long, Justine, Zirah, Séverine, Berthomieu, Catherine, Armengaud, Jean, Alpha-Bazin, Béatrice, Barakat, Mohamed, Chapon, Virginie, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et d'Environnements Extrêmes (LEMIRE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Interactions Protéine Métal (IPM), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biochimie des Systèmes Perturbés (LBSP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Innovations technologiques pour la Détection et le Diagnostic (LI2D), Service de Pharmacologie et Immunoanalyse (SPI), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toxicology Program of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) NEEDS-PF Resources Program (CEA, CNRS, ORANO) French Atomic Energy Commission, Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: SP NOV, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Genome Sequences, BACTERIA, URANIUM, DIVERSITY
Abstract: Here, we present the genome sequences of four Microbacterium strains, which were isolated at different locations in Europe from metal- or radionuclide-rich soils. High-quality complete genome sequences were obtained with PacBio and Illumina data sets with an original two-step procedure.
Published: 2019
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33. Characterization and Localization of Partial-Discharge-Induced Pulses in Fission Chambers Designed for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors

Author: E. Odic, C. Jammes, Giacomo Galli, H. Hamrita, M. J. Kirkpatrick, B. Cantonnet, Ph. Dessante, J-C. Nappe, Ph. Molinie, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Génie électrique et électronique de Paris (GeePs), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Dosimétrie, de Contrôle-commande et Instrumentation (LDCI), Service Physique EXpérimentale, d'essais en Sûreté et d'Instrumentation (SPESI), Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Département Etude des Réacteurs (DER), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), PHOTONIS France S.A.S, Nuclear Instrumentation, Work supported by CEA, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Work supported by the CEA, the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission., Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives - CEA (FRANCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Sorbonne Université (FRANCE), Université Paris-Saclay (FRANCE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 - UPMC (FRANCE), CentraleSupélec (FRANCE), and Photonis (FRANCE)
Subjects: Fission, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Neutron detector, Nuclear engineering, Nuclear Theory, Sodium-cooled fast reactors, sodium-cooled fast reactors, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Signal, 010305 fluids & plasmas, high temperature, Neutron flux, Neutron detection, Physique Nucléaire Expérimentale, Nuclear Experiment, nuclear instrumentation, instrumentation, Electronic architecture, Physics, Analyse de données, Statistiques et Probabilités, radioactivity, Electrode, Fission chamber, neutron detector, ionizing radiation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Signal processing, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, QC1-999, partial discharge (PD), spectrum analysis, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Partial discharge, 0103 physical sciences, Triple point effect, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, — Fission chamber, Neutron-gamma discrimination, triple point effect, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 010401 analytical chemistry, neutrons, High temperature, 0104 chemical sciences, partial discharge, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electric discharge
Abstract: During the operation of the Superphenix and Phenix reactors, an aberrant electrical signal was detected from the fission chambers used for neutron flux monitoring. This signal, thought to be due to partial electrical discharge (PD) is similar to the signal resulting from neutron interactions, and is generated in fission chambers at temperatures above 400 °C. This paper reports work on the characterization and localization of the source of this electrical signal in a High Temperature Fission Chamber (HTFC). The relation between the shape of the PD signal and various parameters (nature and pressure of the chamber filling gas, electrode gap distance, and fission chamber geometry) are first described. Next, experiments designed to identify the location within the chambers where the PD are being generated are presented. After verification and refinement of the results of these localization studies, it should be possible to propose changes to the fission chamber in order to reduce or eliminate the PD signal.
Published: 2018
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34. Screening of a Drug Library Identifies Inhibitors of Cell Intoxication by CNF1

Author: Julien Barbier, Jean-Christophe Cintrat, Emmanuel Lemichez, Daniel Gillet, Sylvain Pichard, Clémence Brewee, Orane Visvikis, Nassim Mahtal, Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (ex SIMOPRO) (SIMoS), Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (MTS), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Service de Chimie Bio-Organique et de Marquage (SCBM), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), This work was funded by the joint ministerial program of Research and Development against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRNE) risks, recurrent funding from Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), and Labellisation de la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer to E.L. N.M. was supported by a DGA‐MRIS scholarship and CEA. SIMOPRO and SCBM are members of the Laboratory of Excellence LERMIT, supported by a grant from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR‐10‐LABX‐33)., ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, MESH: Small Molecule Libraries/pharmacology, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Pharmacology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Targeted therapy, MESH: Bepridil/pharmacology, inhibitors, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Diphtheria Toxin, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, MESH: Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, media_common, Immunoassay, Escherichia coli Proteins, MESH: Escherichia coli Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors, CNF1, MESH: Lasalocid/pharmacology, 3. Good health, Drug repositioning, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Bepridil, MESH: Escherichia coli Proteins/adverse effects, Molecular Medicine, MESH: Amodiaquine/pharmacology, MESH: Diphtheria Toxin/adverse effects, MESH: Immunoassay, MESH: Drug Repositioning, Rac1, medicine.drug, Drug, Lasalocid, MESH: rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism, MESH: rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/immunology, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Bacterial Toxins, Amodiaquine, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH: Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism, drug discovery, Small Molecule Libraries, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Monensin/pharmacology, medicine, Escherichia coli, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells, Humans, MESH: Bacterial Toxins/metabolism, Monensin, MESH: rac1 GTP-Binding Protein/chemistry, Diphtheria toxin, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Toxin, screening, MESH: Bacterial Toxins/antagonists & inhibitors, Organic Chemistry, Drug Repositioning, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: HeLa Cells, MESH: Bacterial Toxins/adverse effects, MESH: Escherichia coli/chemistry, business, HeLa Cells
Abstract: International audience; Cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) is a toxin produced by pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli responsible for extra‐intestinal infections. CNF1 deamidates Rac1, thereby triggering its permanent activation and worsening inflammatory reactions. Activated Rac1 is prone to proteasomal degradation. There is no targeted therapy against CNF1, despite its clinical relevance. In this work we developed a fluorescent cell‐based immunoassay to screen for inhibitors of CNF1‐induced Rac1 degradation among 1120 mostly approved drugs. Eleven compounds were found to prevent CNF1‐induced Rac1 degradation, and five also showed a protective effect against CNF1‐induced multinucleation. Finally, lasalocid, monensin, bepridil, and amodiaquine protected cells from both diphtheria toxin and CNF1 challenges. These data highlight the potential for drug repurposing to fight several bacterial infections and Rac1‐based diseases.
Published: 2018
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35. Shared Nearest Neighbor Clustering in a Locality Sensitive Hashing Framework

Author: Thomas Brüls, Stéphane Gazut, Sawsan Kanj, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire d'analyse des données et d'intelligence des systèmes (LADIS), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (Commissariat l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives), through its transversal program Technologies pour la Sante (MetaTarget project), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA))
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, density-based methods, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, Field (computer science), k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Locality-sensitive hashing, 03 medical and health sciences, 020204 information systems, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], metagenomic data, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Genetics, Cluster (physics), Cluster Analysis, ALGORITHM, sequence clustering, Molecular Biology, Computer Science::Databases, Mathematics, Sequence clustering, Sequence, GENE-EXPRESSION DATA, Genomics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Computational Mathematics, Reference data, 030104 developmental biology, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Metagenomics, Sample size determination, Modeling and Simulation, Metagenome, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Data mining, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer, locality sensitive hashing, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract: We present a new algorithm to cluster high dimensional sequence data, and its application to the field of metagenomics, which aims to reconstruct individual genomes from a mixture of genomes sampled from an environ-mental site, without any prior knowledge of reference data (genomes) or the shape of clusters. Such problems typically cannot be solved directly with classical approaches seeking to estimate the density of clusters, e.g., using the shared nearest neighbors rule, due to the prohibitive size of contemporary sequence datasets. We explore here a new method based on combining the shared nearest neighbor (SNN) rule with the concept of Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH). The proposed method, called LSH-SNN, works by randomly splitting the input data into smaller-sized subsets (buckets) and, employing the shared nearest neighbor rule on each of these buckets. Links can be created among neighbors sharing a sufficient number of elements, hence allowing clusters to be grown from linked elements. LSH-SNN can scale up to larger datasets consisting of millions of sequences, while achieving high accuracy across a variety of sample sizes and complexities.
Published: 2018
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36. On the frequency dependency of radio channel’s delay spread: analyses and ﬁndings from mmMAGIC multi-frequency channel sounding

Author: Naveed Iqbal, Aliou Bamba, Jonas Medbo, Jean-Marc Conrat, Sinh Le Hong Nguyen, Katsuyuki Haneda, Michael Peter, Raffaele D'Errico, Aki Karttunen, Cheikh Diakhate, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Ericsson Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute, Katsuyuki Haneda Group, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, Huawei Technologies, Orange S.A., Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, ta213, Computer science, Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT), 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Channel sounding, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Unified Model, Frequency dependence, Confidence interval, Delay spread, Root mean square, Statistics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Range (statistics), Channel (broadcasting)
Abstract: This paper analyzes the frequency dependency of the radio propagation channel's root mean square (rms) delay spread (DS), based on the multi-frequency measurement campaigns in the mmMAGIC project. The campaigns cover indoor, outdoor, and outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) scenarios and a wide frequency range from 2 to 86 GHz. Several requirements have been identified that define the parameters which need to be aligned in order to make a reasonable comparison among the different channel sounders employed for this study. A new modelling approach enabling the evaluation of the statistical significance of the model parameters from different measurements and the establishment of a unified model is proposed. After careful analysis, the conclusion is that any frequency trend of the DS is small considering its confidence intervals. There is statistically significant difference from the 3GPP New Radio (NR) model TR 38.901, except for the O2I scenario., Comment: This paper has been accepted to the 2018 12th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), London, UK, April 2018
Published: 2018

37. Application of GRAAL model to the resumption of International Simple Glass alteration

Author: Maxime Fournier, Pierre Frugier, Stéphane Gin, CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and This work was funded by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and ORANO.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], Materials Science (miscellaneous), Kinetics, Nucleation, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Ph changes, ISG, 03 medical and health sciences, Transition state theory, Materials Chemistry, lcsh:TA401-492, Solubility, Zeolite, Dissolution, geochemical modeling, long term behavior, nuclear glass, Chemistry, Drop (liquid), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, resumption of alteration, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Ceramics and Composites, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The methodology developed for predicting nuclear waste behavior under disposal conditions combines experimental approaches and modeling. A waste glass canister placed in contact with water undergoes irreversible chemical processes leading to its degradation into more stable phases. This transformation occurs in three kinetic stages: the initial alteration rate (stage I), the residual rate (stage II), and, in some cases, a resumption of alteration (stage III) related to zeolites precipitation. Affinity effects based on the transition state theory are used to account for the rate drop from stage I to stage II. However, modeling of stage III has not been extensively studied. This study investigates the ability of the "glass reactivity with allowance for the alteration layer" (GRAAL) model to describe the effect of zeolite precipitation on the dissolution kinetics of the international simple glass (ISG). The GRAAL model-based description of the alteration layer was adapted to account for alkaline pH alteration mechanisms. A model describing the nucleation and growth kinetics of zeolites was proposed based on simple formalisms whose parameters can be inferred from previous studies’ results. These improvements give a description of the moment where a resumption of alteration occurs. As the predictive capacity of the GRAAL model is strongly dependent on the appropriateness of the alteration layers’ description, this work shows the need to develop new functions to describe the evolution of their compositions and solubilities with pH changes. Calculations also show the importance of Al and Ca activities and the effect of Al on the silica solubility. The ability of a model to describe the effect of zeolite precipitation on the dissolution kinetics of a nuclear glass has been studied. Nuclear glasses, when in contact with water, degrade and form more stable phases. This alteration process occurs in three stages with different kinetics: an initial rate (I) is followed by a rate drop (II), which is then followed by a ‘resumption of alteration’ (‘RA’ - stage III) linked to the precipitation of zeolites. A model known as the ‘glass reactivity with allowance for the alteration layer’ (GRAAL) model has previously been used to better understand various aspects of long-term glass behavior. Now, a team led by Maxime Fournier at the CEA, Marcoule, France has investigated its potential for describing the processes involved in the RA stage undergone by international simple glass.
Published: 2018
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38. Metallic Conductive Nanowires Elaborated by PVD Metal Deposition on Suspended DNA Bundles

Author: Didier Gasparutto, Christophe Brun, Cheikh Tidiane-Diagne, Aurélie Thuaire, Raluca Tiron, Xavier Baillin, Pierre-Henri Elchinger, Guillaume Nonglaton, MINACOM, XLIM (XLIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (LCSN), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST FR CNRS 3503), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Chimie pour la Reconnaissance et l’Etude d’Assemblages Biologiques (CREAB), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (A3DN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Nanowire, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biomaterials, Microelectronics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Electrodes, Ohmic contact, Titanium, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Nanowires, business.industry, Drop (liquid), Electric Conductivity, DNA, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Metals, Physical vapor deposition, Electrode, Optoelectronics, Gold, 0210 nano-technology, business, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Metallic conductive nanowires (NWs) with DNA bundle core are achieved, thanks to an original process relying on double-stranded DNA alignment and physical vapor deposition (PVD) metallization steps involving a silicon substrate. First, bundles of DNA are suspended with a repeatable process between 2 aem high parallel electrodes with separating gaps ranging from 800 nm to 2 mu m. The process consists in the drop deposition of a DNA lambda-phage solution on the electrodes followed by a naturally evaporation step. The deposition process is controlled by the DNA concentration within the buffer solution, the drop volume, and the electrode hydrophobicity. The suspended bundles are finally metallized with various thicknesses of titanium and gold by a PVD e-beam evaporation process. The achieved NWs have a width ranging from a few nanometers up to 100 nm. The electrical behavior of the achieved 60 and 80 nm width metallic NWs is shown to be Ohmic and their intrinsic resistance is estimated according to different geometrical models of the NW section area. For the 80 nm width NWs, a resistance of about few ohms is established, opening exploration fields for applications in microelectronics.
Published: 2017
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39. Formalization of the kinetics for autocatalytic dissolutions. Focus on the dissolution of uranium dioxide in nitric medium

Author: Anthony Gravinese, Gilles Borda, Alastair Magnaldo, Eric Schaer, Sophie Lalleman, Delphine Canion, Florence Charlier, Service Démantèlement et de Soutien aux Projets (SDSP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work was financed by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Uranium dioxide, Kinetics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:TK9001-9401, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Catalysis, Autocatalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nitric acid, lcsh:Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, Reactivity (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, NOx
Abstract: International audience; Uranium dioxide dissolution in nitric acid is a complex reaction. On the one hand, the dissolution produces nitrous oxides (NO$_X$), which makes it a triphasic reaction. On the other hand, one of the products accelerates the kinetic rate; the reaction is hence called autocatalytic. The kinetics for these kinds of reactions need to be formalized in order to optimize and design innovative dissolution reactors. In this work, the kinetics rates have been measured by optical microscopy using a single particle approach. The advantages of this analytical technique are an easier management of species transport in solution and a precise following of the dissolution rate. The global rate is well described by a mechanism considering two steps: a non-catalyzed reaction, where the catalyst concentration has no influence on the dissolution rate, and a catalyzed reaction. The mass transfer rate of the catalyst was quantified in order to discriminate when the reaction was influenced by catalyst accumulated in the boundary layer or uncatalyzed. This first approximation described well the sigmoid dissolution curve profile. Moreover, experiments showed that solutions filled with catalyst proved to lose reactivity over time. Results pointed out that the higher the liquid-gas exchanges, the faster the kinetic rate decreases with time. Thus, it was demonstrated, for the first time, that there is a link between catalyst and nitrous oxides. The outcome of this study leads to new ways for improving the design of dissolvers. Gas-liquid exchanges are indeed a lever to impact dissolution rates. Temperature and catalyst concentration can be optimized to reduce residence times in dissolvers.
Published: 2017
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40. Contribution of zeolite-seeded experiments to the understanding of glass resumption of alteration

Author: Fournier, M., Gin, S., Frugier, P., Depierre, S., CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and This work was funded by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and AREVA.
Subjects: stage 3, long term behavior, nuclear glass, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], zeolites, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], ISG glass, resumption of alteration, seeding
Abstract: International audience; Understanding the origin and the consequences of glass alteration regimes is necessary for the prediction of nuclear glassdurability. The so-called “stage 3” or “resumption of alteration regime” of glasses used to sequester nuclear waste by vitrification, ischaracterized by a sudden acceleration of glass alteration rate arising from the precipitation of secondary minerals, mainly zeolites.To study this process, a promising approach is developed, based on seeding by synthesized zeolite seeds. This study quantitativelylinks the alteration of a six-oxide reference borosilicate glass (ISG) and the precipitation of zeolites that affects concentrations of keyspecies—in particular aluminum—and thus the glass dissolution rate. The characterization of stage 3—easier at alkaline pH—cannow be extended to pH conditions more representative of those found in a geological repository thanks to seeding that reduces, oreven eliminates, the latency period preceding a resumption of glass alteration. The resumption occurrence and glass dissolutionrate are related with temperature and pH. This study shows that the detrimental effect of zeolite precipitation decreases withdecreasing pH and temperature, until it is no longer detectable at a pH around 9 imposed by the dissolution of the ISG glass. Evenfor both high temperature and high pH, the resumption rate is lower than the initial alteration rate, which remains the fastest kinetic regime
Published: 2017
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41. Investigation on Tin based oxides as potential anode material for Li and Na ion batteries

Author: Wang, Paul Luyuan, Yann Leconte, Philippe Azais, Xu Zhichuan, Interdisciplinary Graduate School (IGS), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), and Energetics Research Institute
Subjects: Engineering::Materials::Material testing and characterization [DRNTU], Engineering::Materials::Energy materials [DRNTU]
Abstract: The heart of battery technology lies primarily in the electrode material, which is fundamental to how much charge can be stored and how long the battery can be cycled. Tin dioxide (SnO2) has received tremendous attention as an anode material in both Li-ion (LIB) and Na-ion (NIB) batteries, owing to benefits such as high specific capacity and rate capability. However, large volume expansion accompanying charging/discharging process results in poor cycability that hinders the utilization of SnO2 in commercial batteries. To this end, engineering solutions to surmount the limitations facing SnO2 as an anode in LIB/NIB will be presented in this thesis. The initial part of the thesis focuses on producing SnO2 and rGO (reduced graphene oxide)/SnO2 through laser pyrolysis and its application as an anode. The following segment studies the effect of nitrogen doping, where it was found to have a positive effect on SnO2 in LIB, but a detrimental effect in NIB. The final part of the thesis investigates the effect of matrix engineering through the production of a ZnSnO3 compound. Finally, the obtained results will be compared and to understand the implications that they may possess. Doctor of Philosophy (IGS)
Published: 2017

42. Plane wave coupling to an aerial electrical cable. Assessment of extreme interference levels with the controlled stratification method

Author: Mourad Larbi, Philippe Besnier, B. Pecqueux, F. Puybaret, GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission-Military Applications Division (CEA, DAM, GRAMAT), through studies for the benefit of DGA/UM NBC, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Coupling problem, Engineering, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Monte Carlo method, Electrical wire, Plane wave, Electromagnetic compatibility, Stratification (water), 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Electromagnetic interference, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Control theory, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, business
Abstract: International audience; This paper aims at performing a risk analysis of an electromagnetic interference scenario depending on uncertain parameters. More precisely, the estimation of extreme interference levels is researched using a rigorous modeling of Maxwell's equations. In this context, the classical Monte Carlo simulation is not suitable since very expensive simulations have to be performed. Thus, this paper proposes to apply the so-called controlled stratification method, which was recently proposed in the electromagnetic compatibility context [1], [2], in order to estimate extreme interference events in a realistic coupling problem considering uncertain parameters.
Published: 2016
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43. The Adaptive Controlled Stratification Method Applied to the Determination of Extreme Interference Levels in EMC Modeling With Uncertain Input Variables

Author: Mourad Larbi, B. Pecqueux, Philippe Besnier, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAMAT (DAM/GRAMAT), Direction des Applications Militaires (DAM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission-Military Applications Division, CEA, DAM, GRAMAT, DGA/UM NBC, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Engineering, Electromagnetics, variance reduction, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, crosstalk, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Extreme value theory, 010302 applied physics, Propagation of uncertainty, business.industry, Electromagnetic compatibility, 020206 networking & telecommunications, uncertainty propagation, Condensed Matter Physics, electromagnetic interference, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Probability distribution, Variance reduction, business, quantile estimation, Quantile
Abstract: International audience; This paper deals with electromagnetic compatibility simulations at early design stage of equipment or systems development. In this context, expensive simulations based on rigorous modeling are performed, including numerous uncertain variables. The most important configurations are those associated to extreme values of the observed quantity. In this paper we introduce a variance reduction technique to accelerate the estimation of an extreme quantile of theoutput distribution. The approach is based on using a simple model (at a low computational cost) to identify relevant realizations of uncertain variables in strata partitioning the output space of the model. Applicationof the method is detailed on a rather simple cable system in order to estimate an extreme quantile level ofan interfering current. We show that extreme current values are obtained at a reduced computational costcompared to a standard empirical quantile estimation.
Published: 2016
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44. Systematic comparison of small RNA library preparation protocols for next-generation sequencing

Author: Cloelia Dard-Dascot, Delphine Naquin, Yves d’Aubenton-Carafa, Karine Alix, Erwin van Dijk, Claude Thermes, Plateforme de séquençage à haut débit (NGS), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Van Dijk, Erwin, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Paris-Sud University, Plateforme de séquençage à haut débit ( NGS ), Département Plateforme ( PF I2BC ), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) ( GQE-Le Moulon ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Small RNA, Library preparation, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Piwi-interacting RNA, Computational biology, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Adapter (genetics), New england, Bias, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, microRNA, Genetics, Animals, Humans, small RNA, Gene Library, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Sequence Analysis, RNA, Methodology Article, Computational Biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Reproducibility of Results, Plants, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MicroRNAs, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Next-generation sequencing, NGS, 2 '-O-methyl RNA, BIAS, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Nucleic Acid Conformation, 2’-O-methyl RNA, next-generation sequencing, DNA microarray, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized the study of small RNAs (sRNAs) on a genome-wide scale. However, classical sRNA library preparation methods introduce serious bias, mainly during adapter ligation steps. Several types of sRNA including plant microRNAs (miRNA), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNA) in insects, nematodes and mammals, and small interfering RNAs (siRNA) in insects and plants contain a 2’-O-methyl (2’-OMe) modification at their 3′ terminal nucleotide. This inhibits 3′ adapter ligation and makes library preparation particularly challenging. To reduce bias, the NEBNext kit (New England Biolabs) uses polyethylene glycol (PEG), the NEXTflex V2 kit (BIOO Scientific) uses both randomised adapters and PEG, and the novel SMARTer (Clontech) and CATS (Diagenode) kits avoid ligation altogether. Here we compared these methods with Illumina’s classical TruSeq protocol regarding the detection of normal and 2’ OMe RNAs. In addition, we modified the TruSeq and NEXTflex protocols to identify conditions that improve performance. Results Among the five kits tested with their respective standard protocols, the SMARTer and CATS kits had the lowest levels of bias but also had a strong formation of side products, and as a result performed relatively poorly with biological samples; NEXTflex detected the largest numbers of different miRNAs. The use of a novel type of randomised adapters called MidRand-Like (MRL) adapters and PEG improved the detection of 2’ OMe RNAs both in the TruSeq as well as in the NEXTflex protocol. Conclusions While it is commonly accepted that biases in sRNA library preparation protocols are mainly due to adapter ligation steps, the ligation-free protocols were not the best performing methods. Our modified versions of the TruSeq and NEXTflex protocols provide an improved tool for the study of 2’ OMe RNAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4491-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2015
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45. Empirical assessment of RAD sequencing for interspecific phylogeny

Author: Jean-Yves Rasplus, Astrid Cruaud, Laure Sauné, Maxime Galan, Thierry Deuve, Gwenaëlle Genson, Emeric Dubois, Sabine Nidelet, Mathieu Gautier, Julien Foucaud, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Computational Biology Institute (IBC), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle - Montpellier GenomiX (IGF MGX), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was based upon financial support received from the division 'Plant Health and the Environment' of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) and from the network 'Library of Life' funded by the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN), the French National Agronomic Institute (INRA), and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) (Genoscope)., ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), ProdInra, Migration, Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity - - CeMEB2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0004 - LABX - VALID, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Empirical data, Insecta, Molecular Sequence Data, Computational biology, Biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA sequencing, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Empirical assessment, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], restriction-site associated DNA sequencing, Genetics, Animals, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Phylogenetic tree, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, phylogenomics, DNA, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Interspecific competition, empirical data, Coleoptera, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], next-generation sequencing, Carabidae
Abstract: International audience; Next-generation sequencing opened up new possibilities in phylogenetics; however, choosing an appropriate method of sample preparation remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) generates useful data for phylogenomics. Analysis of our RAD library using current bioinformatic and phylogenetic tools produced 400x more sites than our Sanger approach (2,262,825 nt/species), fully resolving relationships between 18 species of ground beetles (divergences up to 17 My). This suggests that RAD-seq is promising to infer phylogeny of eukaryotic species, though potential biases need to be evaluated and new methodologies developed to take full advantage of such data.
Published: 2014
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46. Pyrometry techniques for temperature monitoring in simulated LOCA (Jules Horowitz Reactor)

Author: Nicolas Horny, Thierry Duvaut, Liana Ramiandrisoa, G. Cheymol, CEA, French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission, DPC/SEARS/LISL, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, Bât 467 PC56, France, URCA - UFR Sciences exactes et naturelles (URCA UFR SEN), and Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)
Subjects: Temperature monitoring, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear engineering, Materials testing, Gauge (firearms), Cladding (fiber optics), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Nuclear reactor core, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Transient (oscillation), Loss-of-coolant accident, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pyrometer
Abstract: In many experiments carried out in Material Testing Reactors the temperature is a key parameter for understanding the behavior of nuclear materials. Its estimation, depending on the localization in the reactor, may not be easy. The Light-water One Rod Equipment for LOCA Experimental Investigations (LORELEI) test device which will be implemented on the Jules Horowitz Reactor (MTR) illustrates this difficulty. In this device the CEA will simulate a Loss Of Coolant Accident (LOCA) transient. The aim is essentially to analyze cladding materials behavior in such a hard environment where steam oxidation is enhanced by temperatures exceeding 800°C. The ability to gauge the fuel rod temperature without contact and with a precision of ±10°C and in real time (1Hz) would constitute a great advantage for understanding and modeling the phenomena. This paper aims at describing the different pyrometry techniques that are studied for such a sensor.
Published: 2013
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47. Solar combisystem characterization with a global approach test and a neural network based model identification peer-review under responsibility of PSE AG peer-review under responsibility of PSE AG

Author: Leconte, Antoine, Achard, Gilbert, Papillon, Philippe, Département des Technologies Solaires (DTS), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Optimisation de la Conception et Ingénierie de l'Environnement (LOCIE), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work has been supported by the French Agency for Environment and Energy Management(ADEME) and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], semi-virtual test bench, solar combisystems, characterization, performance prediction, Neural networks
Abstract: International audience; The market for small Solar CombiSystems (SCSs) is penalized by its lack of common performance test method. The methodology proposed in this paper is based on the SCSPT procedure which tests each combisystem as a whole system on a semi-virtual test bench. Test results are used to identify a "Gray Box" model of the tested SCS, which includes an Artificial Neural Network. This model can then simulate the behavior of the system for any climate and any building. Results of all those simulations are finally used according to the FSC procedure in order to characterize the tested SCS performances with a simple curve. An experimental study of this methodology with two real SCS is presented in this paper.
Published: 2012
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48. Abstracting time in memory.

Author: Herbst SK, Mangione I, Kononowicz TW, Shen Y, and van Wassenhove V
Abstract: Planning the future relies on the ability to remember how long events last, yet how durations are stored in memory is unknown. Here, we developed a novel n-item delayed duration reproduction task = 58), participants were presented with nonisochronous sequences composed of empty time intervals delimited by brief tones. Time intervals varied in number and in duration. Participants had to reproduce as precisely as possible the duration of all time intervals in the sequence following a delay period. We manipulated the number of time intervals ( N -item) and the sequence duration to separate their effects on recall precision. In all three experiments, the precision of recall decreased with the number of items in the sequence, showing that durations can be stored as discrete items in working memory. Our analyses emphasize the distinction between reproduction biases that are captured by relative reproduction and decreased precision which indexes working memory load. Future research is needed to spell out the conditions under which durations are fully abstracted in working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).n -item) and the sequence duration to separate their effects on recall precision. In all three experiments, the precision of recall decreased with the number of items in the sequence, showing that durations can be stored as discrete items in working memory. Our analyses emphasize the distinction between reproduction biases that are captured by relative reproduction and decreased precision which indexes working memory load. Future research is needed to spell out the conditions under which durations are fully abstracted in working memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).
Published: 2025
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49. Probing iron in Earth's core with molecular-spin dynamics.

Author: Nikolov S, Ramakrishna K, Rohskopf A, Lokamani M, Tranchida J, Carpenter J, Cangi A, and Wood MA
Abstract: Dynamic compression of iron to Earth-core conditions is one of the few ways to gather important elastic and transport properties needed to uncover key mechanisms surrounding the geodynamo effect. Herein, a machine-learned ab initio derived molecular-spin dynamics (MSD) methodology with explicit treatment for longitudinal spin-fluctuations is utilized to probe the dynamic phase-diagram of iron. This framework uniquely enables an accurate resolution of the phase-transition kinetics and Earth-core elastic properties, as highlighted by compressional wave velocity and adiabatic bulk moduli measurements. In addition, a unique coupling of MSD with time-dependent density functional theory enables gauging electronic transport properties, critically important for resolving geodynamo dynamics., Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
Published: 2024
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50. Simple Imaging System for Label-Free Identification of Bacterial Pathogens in Resource-Limited Settings.

Author: Douarre C, David D, Fangazio M, Picard E, Hadji E, Vandenberg O, Barbé B, Hardy L, and Marcoux PR
Abstract: Fast, accurate, and affordable bacterial identification methods are paramount for the timely treatment of infections, especially in resource-limited settings (RLS). However, today, only 1.3% of the sub-Saharan African diagnostic laboratories are performing clinical bacteriology. To improve this, diagnostic tools for RLS should prioritize simplicity, affordability, and ease of maintenance, as opposed to the costly equipment utilized for bacterial identification in high-income countries, such as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In this work, we present a new high-throughput approach based on a simple wide-field (864 mm 2 ) lensless imaging system allowing for the acquisition of a large portion of a Petri dish coupled with a supervised deep learning algorithm for identification at the bacterial colony scale. This wide-field imaging system is particularly well suited to RLS since it includes neither moving mechanical parts nor optics. We validated this approach through the acquisition and the subsequent analysis of a dataset comprising 252 clinical isolates from five species, encompassing some of the most prevalent pathogens. The resulting optical morphotypes exhibited intra- and interspecies variability, a scenario considerably more akin to real-world clinical practice than the one achievable by solely concentrating on reference strains. Despite this variability, high identification performance was achieved with a correct species identification rate of 91.7%. These results open up some new prospects for identification in RLS. We released both the acquired dataset and the trained identification algorithm in publicly available repositories., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Clément Douarre et al.)
Published: 2024
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