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Alec Jotte,1 Willow Vander Kooi,2 Dustin D French1,3– 5 1Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; 3Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 4Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 5Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, IL, USACorrespondence: Dustin D French, 645 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA, Tel +1 312 503 5590, Fax +1 312 503 8152, Email dustin.french@northwestern.eduPurpose: To determine the association(s) between receiving an annual eye exam and various economic, social, and geographic factors assessed in the 2019 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) among adults with diabetes.Patients and Methods: Data from adults 18 years of age and older relevant to self-reported non-gestational diabetes diagnosis and eye exam within the last 12 months were extracted from the 2019 NHIS dataset. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine associations between receiving an eye exam in the preceding 12 months and various economic, insurance-related, geographic, and social factors. Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Among diabetic adults in the US, receiving an eye exam within the last 12 months was significantly associated with female sex (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.05– 1.58), residence in the Midwestern United States (OR 1.39; 95% CI 1.01– 1.92), use of Veteran’s Health Administration healthcare (OR 2.15; 95% CI 1.34– 3.44), having a usual place to go for healthcare (OR 3.89; 95% CI 2.16– 7.01), and the use of Private, Medicare Advantage, or other insurance (OR 3.66; 95% CI 2.42– 5.53), use of Medicare only excluding Medicare Advantage (OR 3.18; 95% CI 1.95– 5.30), dual eligibility for Medicare and Medicaid (OR 3.88; 95% CI 2.21– 6.79), and use of Me

David N Younessi,1 John C Lin,2 Paul B Greenberg,3,4 Dustin D French5– 7 1Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 3Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 4Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; 5Departments of Ophthalmology and Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 6Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 7Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, IL, USACorrespondence: David N Younessi, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Chicago Ave, Suite 1-003, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA, Tel +1 312-503-0440, Email david.younessi@northwestern.eduPurpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate demographic and hospital characteristics that predict hospital price transparency in the United States.Methods: We identified 6214 hospitals and extracted characteristics of each using the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, as well as cash prices for a representative selection of commonly performed procedures and visits from the Turquoise Health dataset. Descriptive statistics were used to determine compliance rates and price variation, and a Poisson regression model was used to calculate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for predictors of price transparency.Results: Price transparency compliance ranged from 13% to 49% of hospitals, and across-center ratios ranged from 244.8 to 4789.0. Number of hospital beds was marginally associated with price transparency for more services (IRR: 1.01 [95% CI: 1.01– 1.02]); in contrast, location in the Southern (IRR: 0.91 [95% CI: 0.87– 0.96]) or Western (IRR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.90– 0.99]) regions of the US was associated wit

Kelly Vogel,1 Cole N Rojas,1 Paul B Greenberg,2,3 Curtis E Margo,4 Dustin D French1,5– 7 1Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Division of Ophthalmology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; 3Section of Ophthalmology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA; 4Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; 5Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 6Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; 7Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, IL, USACorrespondence: Dustin D French, Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 645 N. Michigan Ave, Suite 440, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA, Tel +1 312 908 8152, Fax +1 312 695 3652, Email Dustin.French@northwestern.edu

Kelly Vogel,1 Cole N Rojas,1 Angelo P Tanna,1 Dustin D French1– 4 1Department of Ophthalmology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; 2Department of Medical Social Science, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; 3Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; 4Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service, Chicago, IL, USACorrespondence: Dustin D French, Tel +1 813 789 9382, Fax +1 312 695 3652, Email dustin.french@northwestern.edu