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This study aimed to define the profile of hospitalizations of children in public hospitals of 52 municipalities of the state of Rondônia, Brazil. We performed an ecological time series study using secondary data provided by the Hospital Information System. The annual trend of Hospitalizations was presented by age group and health region. Linear regression was performed using the Prais-Winsten technique of the statistical package Stata, version 11.0. Hospitalizations for gastrointestinal diseases were found to be decreasing in all age groups, just as those for vaccine-preventable diseases in children aged between 1 and 9 years. Hospitalizations for skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were increasing in all ages, as well as those caused by epilepsies in children aged 1 to 9 and those caused by diseases related to childbirth and puerperium. Health regions showed a varied hospitalization profile. A stable trend was found in the Cone Sul, Madeira-Mamoré, Café, Vale do Guaporé, and Vale do Jamari regions, whereas a declining trend was found in the Central and Zona da Mata regions. The high rates of hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions in children show how inefficient strategies and investments in primary care have been in the state of Acre, Brazil.

Background: Few studies have explored regional asymmetries and their implications for health policies regarding episodes of falls among the population of ≥80 years old in continental and developing countries like Brazil with deep inequalities and sociocultural differences., Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of falls and their association with functional capacity and nutritional status in the longest oldest-old living in two municipalities in the Northeast and Southeast of Brazil., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, with primary data collection in which were included in the research seniors aged 80 years or more, of both sexes, belonging to two Brazilian municipalities of discrepant socioeconomic aspects. The dependent variable was the occurrence of falls in the last year. The independent variables were grouped into demographic aspects, functional capacity and nutritional status. To identify variables that contribute to the occurrence of falls, the multiple logistic regression model, adopts a significance level of 5%., Results: The sample was composed of 415 oldest-old adults. From the total, 32.3% reported having fallen in the last year, 24.7% in Brejo dos Santos and 37.8% in São Paulo. Among the former population, the mean value of walking speed for those who had falls was 0.27 m/s and for those who had no occurrence of falls was 0.33 m/s; and, among the seniors from São Paulo, the mean values were 0.51 m/s and 0.58 m/s, respectively. Significant correlations between walking speed and falls were verified for both populations, showing that the lower the walking speed, the higher the predisposition to falls. In the final regression model, the occurrence of falls was associated with moderate balance (OR = 5.28; CI: 1.11-25.18) among the longevous people Brejo dos Santos and with very poor functional performance (OR = 16.09; CI:1.46-177.06) among those from São Paulo., Conclusion: The results pointed out a lower prevalence of falls in longevous people from Brejo dos Santos than in those from São Paulo and differences regarding the associated factors, showing heterogeneity between the two populations; indicating the need for public policies and effective programmes aimed at preventing falls based on the maintenance or increase of functional capacity., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Among the oldest old, aged 80 years and over, the prevalence of disability is higher than in other age groups and can be considered a predictor of mortality., Objective: To evaluate how psychosocial aspects and support networks influence the disability of these oldest-old individuals, performing a comparison between two longevous populations, one living in one of the poorest regions of Brazil, in the backlands of Paraíba, and another living in one of the largest urban centres in Latin America., Method: A cross-sectional study in which 417 oldest-old persons aged 80 years and older were interviewed, with data collected through the "Health, Welfare and Ageing" survey conducted in two Brazilian cities. Disability was assessed by reporting the need for assistance in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs). Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed using R statistical software., Results: Food insufficiency in the first years of life had negative repercussions on the disability of oldest old people living in the northeast. On the other hand, in this region, older people have a higher rate of support and live longer with their peers, which may contribute to reducing feelings of loneliness, depressive symptoms, and worse self-perception of health. In the Southeast, financial constraints, subjective poverty, and unmet needs may favour the development of functional limitations between long-lived people., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that regional differences in Brazil may influence the disability of older people aged 80 and older. In northeast Brazil, having no partner may contribute to disability for ADLs and IADLs; while, in the longevous population of São Paulo, having a worse self-rated health may contribute to disability for IADLs., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: To investigate the trend of infant mortality from preventable causes in children under one year of age in Rondônia from 2008 to 2018., Method: Epidemiological study of time series with data from the Mortality and Live Birth Information Systems, driven by STATA® version 11.0, trend measured by Prais-Winsten linear regression and autocorrelation with Durbin and Watson test., Results: The infant mortality rate was 14.57 deaths / 1,000 live births, 9.14 / 1,000 due to preventable causes. Deaths decreased by 2.88% annually (95% CI: - 4.67; -1.06). However, causes that can be reduced by running immunization actions, to women during pregnancy and fetal and non-childbirth growth, have stable rates. Deaths from preventable causes in the late neonatal period were declining (-11.69%; 95% CI -19.56; -3.05)., Conclusion: Managers need to qualify maternal and child care, considering the performance of the team of professionals in assisting the pregnant-puerperal cycle as well as improving the quality of infant mortality records in the region.