21 results on '"Freitas, Damien"'
Search Results
2. Using internal standards in time-resolved X-ray micro-computed tomography to quantify grain-scale developments in solid-state mineral reactions
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Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, primary, Freitas, Damien, additional, Gilgannon, James, additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Butler, Ian B., additional, McGill, Gina Elizabeth, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2024
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3. Elastic stresses can form metamorphic fabrics
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Gilgannon, James, Freitas, Damien, Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, Wheeler, John, Butler, Ian B., Seth, Sohan, Marone, Federica, Schlepütz, Christian M., McGill, Gina, Watt, Ian, Plumper, Oliver, Eberhard, Lisa, Amiri, Hamed, Chogani, Alireza, Fusseis, Florian, Gilgannon, James, Freitas, Damien, Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, Wheeler, John, Butler, Ian B., Seth, Sohan, Marone, Federica, Schlepütz, Christian M., McGill, Gina, Watt, Ian, Plumper, Oliver, Eberhard, Lisa, Amiri, Hamed, Chogani, Alireza, and Fusseis, Florian
- Abstract
Detailing the relationship between stress and reactions in metamorphic rocks has been controversial, and much of the debate has centered on theory. Here, we add to this discussion and make a major advance by showing in time-resolved synchrotron microtomography experiments that a reacting and deforming sample experiencing an elastic differential stress produces a fabric orthogonal to the largest principal stress. This fabric forms very early in the reaction and can be shown to be unrelated to strain. The consequences of this are significant because a non-hydrostatic stress state is a very common geological occurrence. Our data provide the basis for new interpretations of the classical, and enigmatic, serpentine fabrics of Val Malenco, Italy, and Cerro del Almirez, Spain, where we relate the reported fabrics to transient, and cyclical, differential stresses from magma intrusion and the earthquake cycle.
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- 2024
4. Heitt Mjölnir: a heated miniature triaxial apparatus for 4D synchrotron microtomography
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Freitas, Damien, Butler, Ian B., Elphick, Stephen C., Gilgannon, James, Rizzo, Roberto E., Plümper, Oliver, Wheeler, John, Schlepütz, Christian M., Marone, Federica, Fusseis, Florian, Freitas, Damien, Butler, Ian B., Elphick, Stephen C., Gilgannon, James, Rizzo, Roberto E., Plümper, Oliver, Wheeler, John, Schlepütz, Christian M., Marone, Federica, and Fusseis, Florian
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Third- and fourth-generation synchrotron light sources with high fluxes and beam energies enable the use of innovative X-ray translucent experimental apparatus. These experimental devices access geologically relevant conditions whilst enabling in situ characterization using the spatial and temporal resolutions accessible at imaging beamlines. Here, Heitt Mjölnir is introduced, a heated miniature triaxial rig based on the design of Mjölnir, but covering a wider temperature range and larger sample volume at similar pressure capacities. This device is designed to investigate coupled thermal, chemical, hydraulic and mechanical processes from grain to centimetre scales using cylindrical samples of 10 mm × 20 mm (diameter × length). Heitt Mjölnir can simultaneously reach confining (hydraulic) pressures of 30 MPa and 500 MPa of axial stress with independently controlled sample pore fluid pressure < 30 MPa. This internally heated apparatus operates to temperatures up to 573 K with a minimal vertical thermal gradient in the sample of <0.3 K mm-1. This new apparatus has been deployed in operando studies at the TOMCAT (Swiss Light Source), I12 JEEP (Diamond Light Source) and PSICHÉ (Synchrotron SOLEIL) beamlines for 4D X-ray microtomography with scan intervals of a few minutes. Heitt Mjölnir is portable and modular, allowing a wide range of 4D characterizations of low-grade metamorphism and deformational processes. It enables spatially and temporally resolved fluid-rock interaction studies at conditions of crustal reservoirs and is suitable for characterization of material properties in geothermal, carbonation or subsurface gas storage applications. Technical drawings and an operation guide are included in this publication.
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- 2024
5. Heitt Mjölnir: a heated miniature triaxial apparatus for 4D synchrotron microtomography
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IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Structural geology and EM, Freitas, Damien, Butler, Ian B., Elphick, Stephen C., Gilgannon, James, Rizzo, Roberto E., Plümper, Oliver, Wheeler, John, Schlepütz, Christian M., Marone, Federica, Fusseis, Florian, IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Structural geology and EM, Freitas, Damien, Butler, Ian B., Elphick, Stephen C., Gilgannon, James, Rizzo, Roberto E., Plümper, Oliver, Wheeler, John, Schlepütz, Christian M., Marone, Federica, and Fusseis, Florian
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- 2024
6. Elastic stresses can form metamorphic fabrics
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Structural geology and EM, IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Gilgannon, James, Freitas, Damien, Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, Wheeler, John, Butler, Ian B., Seth, Sohan, Marone, Federica, Schlepütz, Christian M., McGill, Gina, Watt, Ian, Plumper, Oliver, Eberhard, Lisa, Amiri, Hamed, Chogani, Alireza, Fusseis, Florian, Structural geology and EM, IVAU: Instituut voor Aardwetenschappen Utrecht, Gilgannon, James, Freitas, Damien, Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, Wheeler, John, Butler, Ian B., Seth, Sohan, Marone, Federica, Schlepütz, Christian M., McGill, Gina, Watt, Ian, Plumper, Oliver, Eberhard, Lisa, Amiri, Hamed, Chogani, Alireza, and Fusseis, Florian
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- 2024
7. Elastic stresses can form metamorphic fabrics
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Gilgannon, James, primary, Freitas, Damien, additional, Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, additional, Wheeler, John, additional, Butler, Ian B., additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Marone, Federica, additional, Schlepütz, Christian M., additional, McGill, Gina, additional, Watt, Ian, additional, Plümper, Oliver, additional, Eberhard, Lisa, additional, Amiri, Hamed, additional, Chogani, Alireza, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2023
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8. Using Internal Standards in Time-resolved X-ray Micro-computed Tomography to Quantify Grain-scale Developments in Solid State Mineral Reactions
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Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, primary, Freitas, Damien, additional, Gilgannon, James, additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Butler, Ian B., additional, McGill, Gina Elisabeth, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2023
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9. Emergent permeability in dehydrating rocks is controlled by the stress state and orientation
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Fusseis, Florian, primary, Gilgannon, James, additional, Jacob, Arne, additional, Freitas, Damien, additional, Rizzo, Roberto, additional, and Butler, ian, additional
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- 2023
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10. Deep learning and chemical constraints allow accurate segmentation of µCT data from metamorphic rocks
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Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, primary, Freitas, Damien, additional, Gilgannon, James, additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Butler, Ian B., additional, Wheeler, John, additional, Marone, Federica, additional, Schlepuetz, Christian, additional, McGill, Gina, additional, Plümper, Olivier, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2023
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11. A non-hydrostatic stress state forms fabrics during metamorphic reactions
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Gilgannon, James, primary, Freitas, Damien, additional, Rizzo, Roberto, additional, Wheeler, John, additional, Butler, Ian, additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Marone, Federica, additional, Schlepütz, Christian, additional, McGill, Gina, additional, Watt, Ian, additional, Plümper, Oliver, additional, Eberhard, Lisa, additional, Amiri, Hamed, additional, Chogani, Alireza, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2023
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12. Heitt Mjolnir: an internally heated triaxial rock deformation apparatus for operando experiments at up to 573 K at Synchrotron imaging beamlines
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Freitas, Damien, primary, Butler, Ian, additional, Elphick, Stephen, additional, Gilgannon, James, additional, Rizzo, Roberto, additional, Pluemper, Oliver, additional, Wheeler, John, additional, Schlepuetz, Christian, additional, Marone, Federica, additional, and Fusseis, Florian, additional
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- 2023
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13. Using Internal Standards in Time-resolved X-ray Micro-computed Tomography to Quantify Grain-scale Developments in Solid State Mineral Reactions.
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Rizzo, Roberto Emanuele, Freitas, Damien, Gilgannon, James, Seth, Sohan, Butler, Ian B., McGill, Gina, and Fusseis, Florian
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DEEP learning , *HARD rock minerals , *MACHINE learning , *COMPUTED tomography , *ROCK properties , *IMAGE segmentation , *X-rays - Abstract
X-ray computed tomography has established itself as a crucial tool in the analysis of rock materials, providing the ability to visualise intricate 3D microstructures and capture quantitative information about internal phenomena such as structural damage, mineral reactions, and fluid-rock interactions. The efficacy of this tool, however, depends significantly on the precision of image segmentation, a process that has seen varied results across different methodologies, ranging from simple histogram thresholding to more complex machine learning and deep learning strategies. The irregularity in these segmentation outcomes raises concerns about the reproducibility of the results, a challenge that we aim to address in this work. In our study, we employ the mass balance of a metamorphic reaction as an internal standard to verify segmentation accuracy and shed light on the advantages of deep learning approaches, particularly their capacity to efficiently process expansive datasets. Our methodology utilises deep learning to achieve accurate segmentation of time-resolved volumetric images of the gypsum dehydration reaction, a process that traditional segmentation techniques have struggled with due to poor contrast between reactants and products.We utilise a 2D U-net architecture for segmentation and introduce machine learning-obtained labelled data (specifically, from random forest classification) as an innovative solution to the limitations of training data obtained from imaging. The deep learning algorithm we developed has demonstrated remarkable resilience, consistently segmenting volume phases across all experiments. Furthermore, our trained neural network exhibits impressively short run times on a standard workstation equipped with a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). To evaluate the precision of our workflow, we compared the theoretical and measured molar evolution of gypsum to bassanite during dehydration. The errors between the predicted and segmented volumes in all time-series experiments fell within the 2% confidence intervals of the theoretical curves, affirming the accuracy of our methodology. We also compared the results obtained by the proposed method with standard segmentation methods and found a significant improvement in precision and accuracy of segmented volumes. This makes the segmented CT images suited for extracting quantitative data, such as variations in mineral growth rate and pore size during the reaction. In this work, we introduce a distinctive approach by using an internal standard to validate the accuracy of a segmentation model, demonstrating its potential as a robust and reliable method for image segmentation in this field. This ability to measure the volumetric evolution during a reaction with precision paves the way for advanced modelling and verification of the physical properties of rock materials, particularly those involved in tectono-metamorphic processes. Our work underscores the promise of deep learning approaches in elevating the quality and reproducibility of research in the geosciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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14. Pore-scale imaging of hydrogen displacement and trapping in porous media
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Thaysen, Eike, primary, Butler, Ian, additional, Hassanpouryouzband, Aliakbar, additional, Freitas, Damien, additional, Alvarez-Borges, Fernando, additional, Krevor, Sam, additional, Heinemann, Niklas, additional, Atwood, Robert, additional, and Edlmann, Katriona, additional
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- 2022
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15. Hydrogen recovery from porous media decreases with brine injection pressure and increases with brine flow rate
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Thaysen, Eike M., Butler, Ian B., Freitas, Damien, Hassanpouryouzband, Aliakbar, Alvarez Borges, Fernando, Atwood, Robert C., Humphreys, Bob, and Edlmann, Katriona
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Zero carbon energy generation from renewable sources can reduce climate change by mitigating carbon emissions. A major challenge of renewable energy generation is the imbalance between supply and demand. To overcome the energy imbalances, subsurface storage of hydrogen in porous mediais suggested as a large-scale and economic solution, yet its mechanisms are not fully understood. Important unknowns are the effect of the high migration potential of the small and mobile hydrogen molecule and the volume of recoverable hydrogen.We conducted non-steady state, cyclic hydrogen and brine injection experiments at 2-7 MPa and flow rates of 2-80 µl min-1 using water-wet Clashach sandstone cylinders of 4.7 mm diameter and 53-57 mm length (Clashach composition: ~96 wt.% quartz, 2% K-feldspar, 1% calcite, 1% ankerite). Two sets of experiments were performed using our new transparent flow-cell designed for x-ray computed microtomography: 1) Experiments using a laboratory x-ray source (University of Edinburgh) imaged the flow, displacement and capillary trapping of hydrogen by brine as a function of saturation after primary drainage and secondary imbibition. 2) Experiments using synchrotron radiation (Diamond Light Source, I12-JEEP tomography beamline) captured time-resolved hydrogen and brine flow and displacement processes. Pressure and mass flow measurements across the experimental apparatus complemented the microtomography volumes in both sets of experiments.Results from a water-wet rock show that hydrogen behaves as a non-wetting phase and sits in the centre of the pore bodies, while residual brine sits in corners and pore throats. Hydrogen saturation in the pore volume is independent of the injection pressure and increases with increasing hydrogen/brine injection ratio up to ~50% saturation at 100 % hydrogen. Capillary trapping of hydrogen during brine imbibition occurs via snap off and is greatest at higher brine injection pressures, with 10 %, 12% and 21% hydrogen trapped at 2, 5 and 7 MPa, respectively. Higher brine flow rates reduce capillary trapping and increase hydrogen recovery at any given injection pressure. Based on these results, future hydrogen storage operations should inject 100% hydrogen and manage the reservoir pressure to avoid high pressures and minimize capillary trapping of hydrogen during brine reinjection.Ongoing analysis of time-resolved experimental data will provide further insight into the critical pore-scale processes that ultimately influence the potential for geological hydrogen storage and recovery.
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- 2022
16. Influence of pore fluid pressure and differential stress on gypsum dehydration and rock texture revealed by 4D synchrotron X-ray tomography
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Freitas, Damien, primary, Rizzo, Roberto, additional, Fusseis, Florian, additional, Butler, Ian, additional, Seth, Sohan, additional, Wheeler, John, additional, Plümper, Oliver, additional, Amiri, Hamed, additional, Chogani, Alireza, additional, Schlepütz, Christian, additional, Marone, Federica, additional, and Ando, Edward, additional
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- 2022
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17. Hydrogen recovery from porous media decreases with brine injection pressure and increases with brine flow rate
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Thaysen, Eike Marie, primary, Butler, Ian B., additional, Freitas, Damien, additional, Hassanpouryouzband, Aliakbar, additional, Alvarez-Borges, Fernando, additional, Atwood, Robert, additional, Humphreys, Bob, additional, and Edlmann, Katriona, additional
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- 2022
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18. Les propriétés de transport des matériaux du manteau supérieur terrestre, enseignements des expériences in situ à HP et HT
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Freitas, Damien, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne, Denis Andrault, Geeth Manthilake, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and STAR, ABES
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Conductivité électrique ,Diffusivité thermique ,Mantle Transition Zone ,Fusion partielle ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Partial melting ,Vitesse sismique ,Upper mantle ,Thermal diffusivity ,Zone de transition mantellique ,Presse multi-enclumes ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Electrical conductivity ,Multi-anvil apparatus ,Seismic velocity ,Manteau supérieur - Abstract
The transport properties of mantle rocks are key parameters to qualitatively and quantitatively interpret direct and indirect geophysical information such as seismic velocities, heat fluxes and electromagnetic profiles across Earth’s and planetary interiors. The origins of upper mantle geophysical anomalies such as the Low Velocity Zone (70-150 km deep) and the Low Velocity Layer (350-410 km deep) are poorly known and require experimental constraints. In this PhD thesis, we have explored the electrical, seismic and thermal properties of realistic solid and partially molten peridotites via the development of geophysical in situ techniques. Performed at high pressures and temperatures in multi-anvil apparatus, our experiments allowed the characterization of the effect of melting on these different physical properties at mantle conditions. We performed the first experimental combination of electrical conductivity and sound wave velocity in a single multi-anvil experiment. Thanks to this technique, we reconciled electrical and seismic estimations of the melt fraction implied in the LVZ with 0.3-0.8 Vol.% of partial melting. The textural equilibration between melt and solid phases was found to be crucial for the comparison of laboratory estimations. We then realized the first reproduction of the dehydration melting process during the ascend of hydrous peridotites from the mantle transition zone to the upper mantle, between 12 and 14 GPa. Measurements during partial melting gave acoustic and electrical signals comparable to geophysical observations favoring partial melting explanation of the LVL anomaly. The implied melt fractions at upper mantle base were quantified to be moderate (, Les propriétés de transport des roches mantelliques sont des paramètres importants pour interpréter aussi bien qualitativement que quantitativement les informations géophysiques, telles que la vitesse des ondes sismiques, les flux de chaleurs et les profils magnétotelluriques terrestres. L’origine des anomalies géophysiques du manteau supérieur, comme la zone de faible vitesse (LVZ ; 70-150km de profondeur) et le niveau de faible vitesse (LVL ; 350-410 km de profondeur), est peu renseignée et demande des contraintes expérimentales. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié les propriétés électriques, sismiques et thermiques des péridotites solides et partiellement fondues via le développement de techniques géophysiques in situ. Nos expériences à hautes pressions et températures, en presse multi-enclumes, nous ont permis d’établir les effets de la fusion sur ces différentes propriétés physiques aux conditions mantelliques. Nous avons, pour la première fois, réalisé des mesures combinées de conductivité électrique et de vitesses des ondes sismiques en une seule et même expérience. Grâce à cette technique, nous avons réconcilié les mesures du taux de fusion impliquées dans la LVZ estimées par les deux signaux géophysiques avec 0.3-0.8%vol de fusion partielle. L’équilibre textural entre les phases liquides et solides s’est révélé être fondamental pour la comparaison des mesures en laboratoire. Nous avons ensuite procédé à la première reproduction de fusion par déshydratation durant l’ascension des péridotites hydratées depuis la zone de transition mantellique vers le manteau supérieur (entre 12 et 14 GPa). Au cours de la fusion partielle, les signaux sismiques et électriques mesurés sont comparables aux observations géophysiques confirmant l’hypothèse de fusion au niveau de la LVL. Les taux de liquides impliqués à la base du manteau supérieur seraient alors modestes (< 2 %vol). La composition des magmas produits précise le rôle de filtre chimique de ce niveau situé entre les manteaux supérieur et profond. La densité estimée du magma confirme sa flottabilité neutre, favorisant la stabilité de ce niveau au cours des temps géologiques. Les analyses des éléments volatils et les modélisations des transferts d’hydrogène prouvent que ce niveau est un réservoir potentiel d’eau profond et favorise l’hypothèse d’une hydratation par la base du manteau supérieur. Enfin, des méthodes de mesure de diffusivité thermique (Angström, pulse) ont été adaptées à la presse multi-enclumes du LMV. Des procédures de traitement et des modélisations des transferts thermiques ont été développées Les premières mesures de diffusivité thermique de verres et liquides réalistes aux conditions mantelliques ont pu ainsi être réalisées. De plus, la caractérisation d’échantillons aux structures variées a pu être effectuée à l’aide de la méthode Angström (périclase, olivine, péridotite partiellement fondue).
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- 2019
19. Effect of melt content and the melt texture on sound wave velocity and electrical conductivity
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Freitas, D., Manthilake, Geeth, Chantel, Julien, Bouhifd, Mohamed Ali, Andrault, Denis, freitas, Damien, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
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[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology ,[SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy ,[SDU.STU.MI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy - Abstract
International audience; The geophysical observations of elevated electrical conductivity (EC) and reduced seismic wave velocity (SWV) have long been discussed in conjunctions with partial melting in the Earth's asthenosphere. Alternative mechanisms based on solid state processes, such as anelastic relaxation and hydrogen diffusion in mantle minerals have also been proposed. However, the recent finding of young alkali basalt (< 10 Ma) on the 135 million-year-old Pacific-plate provides strong physical evidences for the partial melting at the top of the asthenosphere. Various experimental techniques have been used to constrain the melt fraction in the asthenosphere low velocity zone (LVZ) reported at depth of 70-220 km. Geochemical and petrological constrains suggest low degree melting (less than 1 %) in the asthenosphere, while laboratory based EC and SWV measurements suggest melt fractions ranging from 0.1 to 10 %. Moreover, the comparison between geophysical observations and laboratory measurements of EC and SWV also yields contradicting estimations of the melt fraction, highlighting potential disagreements between EC and SWV techniques. In this study we aimed at investigating the effect of melt fraction and the melt texture, key parameters governing the magnitude and the style of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity variations. We performed simultaneous sound wave velocity and electrical conductivity measurements on mixtures of San Carlos olivine and natural mid oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) at 2.5 GPa and up to 1650 K. This critical improvement enables us to understand how seismic and electrical measurments responses to melt volume fractions and the evolution of melt interconnectivity with time in a partially molten sample. With our results, we were able to determine the potential limitations associated with laboratory based electrical conductivity and seismic wave velocity measurements for estimation of the melt fraction. Overall, the seismic velocity measurements appear more appropriate method to determine the melt fraction in a partially molten system. Based on our results, the geophysical anomalies observed in the LVZ of the asthenosphere can be explained with 0.3 to 0.8 vol. % of MORB-like melt.
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- 2017
20. Mesures simultanées de conductivité électrique et de vitesse d'ondes sismiques de matériaux géologiques partiellement fondus à haute pression et haute température : implication pour la fraction de liquide silicaté dans l'asthénosphère
- Author
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Freitas, D., Manthilake, Geeth, Chantel, Julien, Andrault, Denis, Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and freitas, Damien
- Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology ,[SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[SDU.STU.GP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph] ,[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology ,[SDU.STU.MI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy ,[SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy - Abstract
International audience; Un débat important existe actuellement sur les capacités des systèmes partiellement fondus à augmenter la conductivité électrique et réduire la vitesse des ondes sismiques du matériel géologique, nécessaires pour expliquer la présence de zones d’anomalies géophysiques dans le manteau terrestre (zone de faible vitesse : LVZ de l’asthénosphère entre 70 et 200 Km [1],[2],[3]). De nombreuses hypothèses alternatives ont été proposées et sont basées sur des processus à l’état solide [4] telles la diffusion de l’hydrogène dans la structure cristalline. Ces théories suggèrent une asthénosphère sans fusion partielle. Alors que de fortes évidences physiques confirment la présence de fusion partielle du manteau asthénosphérique, comme la découverte de basaltes alcalins jeunes disposés sur la plaque océanique indienne beaucoup plus ancienne [5], les mesures expérimentales de conductivité électriques et de vitesse des ondes sismiques réalisées en laboratoire sur les systèmes partiellement fondus apportent des estimations antagonistes de la fraction de liquide silicaté impliqué dans l’asthénosphère. De plus, la source du désaccord entre les deux techniques géophysiques (conductivité électrique et vitesse sismique) demeure toujours mal contrainte.Utilisant les nouvelles techniques expérimentales développées sur la presse multi-enclumes au Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans de Clermont-Ferrand, des mesures couplées de conductivité électrique et de vitesse des ondes acoustiques ont été réalisées de façon in situ et simultanée sur le même échantillon. Nous avons alors étudié des systèmes partiellement fondus en utilisant des échantillons composés d’un mélange biphasé d’olivine de San Carlos (standard pétrologique) et d’un basalte de ride médio-océanique hydraté provenant de la ride Est-Pacifique (issu d’un forage) dans des conditions de haute pression : 2.5 GPa et de haute température: jusqu’à 1650 K.
- Published
- 2016
21. Heitt Mjölnir: a heated miniature triaxial apparatus for 4D synchrotron microtomography.
- Author
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Freitas D, Butler IB, Elphick SC, Gilgannon J, Rizzo RE, Plümper O, Wheeler J, Schlepütz CM, Marone F, and Fusseis F
- Abstract
Third- and fourth-generation synchrotron light sources with high fluxes and beam energies enable the use of innovative X-ray translucent experimental apparatus. These experimental devices access geologically relevant conditions whilst enabling in situ characterization using the spatial and temporal resolutions accessible at imaging beamlines. Here, Heitt Mjölnir is introduced, a heated miniature triaxial rig based on the design of Mjölnir, but covering a wider temperature range and larger sample volume at similar pressure capacities. This device is designed to investigate coupled thermal, chemical, hydraulic and mechanical processes from grain to centimetre scales using cylindrical samples of 10 mm × 20 mm (diameter × length). Heitt Mjölnir can simultaneously reach confining (hydraulic) pressures of 30 MPa and 500 MPa of axial stress with independently controlled sample pore fluid pressure < 30 MPa. This internally heated apparatus operates to temperatures up to 573 K with a minimal vertical thermal gradient in the sample of <0.3 K mm
-1 . This new apparatus has been deployed in operando studies at the TOMCAT (Swiss Light Source), I12 JEEP (Diamond Light Source) and PSICHÉ (Synchrotron SOLEIL) beamlines for 4D X-ray microtomography with scan intervals of a few minutes. Heitt Mjölnir is portable and modular, allowing a wide range of 4D characterizations of low-grade metamorphism and deformational processes. It enables spatially and temporally resolved fluid-rock interaction studies at conditions of crustal reservoirs and is suitable for characterization of material properties in geothermal, carbonation or subsurface gas storage applications. Technical drawings and an operation guide are included in this publication., (open access.)- Published
- 2024
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