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This prospective study aimed at assessing dentoalveolar changes in digital models in patients with anterior open-bite, treated with two protocols: lingual spurs and chincup. The sample consisted of 41 patients (27 girls and 14 boys) aged 7-10 years (mean age 8.37 years) during mixed dentition with anterior open-bite (mean -3.43mm), who were treated for one year. The patients were randomly divided according to the therapy applied: Group 1 (n=23) treated with lingual spurs, and group 2 (n=18) treated with prefabricated chincup. The plaster models were scanned, reproducing a three-dimensional scanned image, on which measurements were taken, at T1 (immediately before treatment) and T2 (one year after the begining of treatment). Transverse changes, length and perimeter of the upper and lower dental arches, overjet and overbite, as well as inclination of central incisors were assessed. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman method were applied to verify the intra-examiner error. The results were analyzed through paired and independent t tests at 5% significance. After one year of treatment, all the variables were statistically changed, except for perimeter and length of upper and lower arches, upper central incisor proclination, and overjet. The changes (T2-T1) between groups showed similar results. It was concluded that both protocols were similar after one year of early treatment of anterior open-bite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain is common in orthodontic treatment, is subject to individual variation, and is associated with anxiety and stress, which can potentially become catastrophizing. The aim of the present study was to determine the variability of pain response after the insertion of orthodontic separators and to assess the association of pain levels with dental anxiety, catastrophizing, tooth sensitivity, and genetic expression of cytokines. To this end, 70 patients of both genders were divided into two equal groups according to the elastomeric separator used: G1 (Dentaurum) and G2 (Orthometric). Two separators were inserted in the mesial and distal sides of the lower right first molar. Participants were instructed to rate the level of pain at T0 (before insertion), T1 (just after insertion), and T2 (24 hours after insertion) on a visual analog scale. The gingival crevicular fluid was collected at T0 and T2. The levels of anxiety, catastrophizing, tooth sensitivity, and cytokine expression were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fisher-Freeman-Halton, chi-squared, Spearman's correlation, and dependent and independent t tests (α=5%). Pain intensity was higher at T2 than at T1, in both groups (P<.05). An association was established (P<.05) between pain intensity at T1 and catastrophizing, and at T2 with anxiety and catastrophizing. Within-group differences in cytokine expression were found between T0 and T2. There was no correlation between cytokine expression and pain levels, anxiety, catastrophizing, and sensitivity at T2. Tooth separation produced variable pain levels, which were influenced by anxiety and catastrophizing, however, pain level was not correlated with increased cytokine expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To compare different appliances for early anterior open bite (AOB) correction. Materials and Methods: This was a parallel, randomized clinical trial. A prospective sample of patients with AOB was recruited consecutively. Eligibility criteria included angle class I malocclusion with AOB equal to or greater than 1 mm. Participants were allocated by simple randomization to 4 groups: bonded spurs, chin cup, fixed palatal crib, and removable palatal crib. Dentoalveolar changes among the groups were assessed by blinded observers by comparing lateral cephalograms taken before (T1) and 12 months after treatment (T2; analysis of variance followed by Tukey test). Of the measurements, 30% were reassessed for reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman agreement test; α = 5%; 95% confidence interval). Results: A total of 99 patients with a mean AOB of 3.7 mm (mean age 8.4 6 0.8 years, both genders) were recruited. Dropouts occurred in all the groups, yielding a final sample size of 81 analyzed individuals. Intergroup comparisons of differences (T2-T1) showed significant differences for the incisor positioning variables (1.1, 1-PP, 6-PP, IMPA, 1.NB and 1-GoMe). However, there was no significant difference in AOB reduction among the groups, with an average correction of 3.1 mm. Conclusions: All of the tested devices promoted dental changes, especially in the anterior region, and contributed to AOB reduction during the study period. However, fixed palatal crib demonstrated greater impact on the positioning of the incisors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Health Sciences (2447-8938) is the property of Unopar Cientifica Ciencias Biologicas e da Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of pixel value analysis using images generated by the Digora™ and Visualix ™ systems for the early detection of external root resorption (ERR). Thirty extracted human lower incisors were radiographed using the Digora and Visualix systems; then, ERR was induced by immersing the teeth in 6 mol L-1 of hydrochloric acid for different periods of time (10, 30 and 60 minutes). ERR was confirmed by calcium quantification with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. One digital image was acquired per time period at 70 kVp, 7 mA, 2.2 mm filtration, focus-film distance of 30 cm, and with exposure times of 0.09 s in the Digora system and 0.05 s in Visualix system. The region of interest was defined using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Pearson's correlation (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the time for ERR induction and the pixel values with either system. A positive correlation between the time of ERR induction and the calcium concentration was observed (r = 0.8892; p < 0.001). In conclusion, independent of the site of ERR induction and the digital system, pixel value analysis was not effective for ERR detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the standards of facial height in 30 young (14-year-old) Japanese- Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion, and assess whether sexual dimorphism is evident. Methods: The cephalometric measurements used followed the analyses by Wylie-Johnson, Siriwat-Jarabak, Gebeck, Merrifield and Horn. Results: Results showed dimorphism for total anterior facial height (TAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), anterior facial height (AFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH) and upper posterior facial height (UPFH) measurements. Conclusions: The standards of facial heights in young Japanese-Brazilian descendants with normal occlusion were observed. Sexual dimorphism was identified in five out of thirteen evaluated variables at this age range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of dental variables of adolescent Japanese-Brazilian descents with normal occlusion, and also to compare them with a similar Caucasian and Mongoloid sample. Methods: Lateral cephalometric radiographs were used to compare the groups: Caucasian (n = 40), Japanese-Brazilian (n = 32) and Mongoloid (n = 33). The statistical tests used were one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA. The cephalometric measurements used followed the analyses of Steiner, Tweed and McNamara Jr. Results: Statistical differences (P < 0.05) indicated a smaller interincisal angle and overbite for the Japanese-Brazilian sample, when compared to the Caucasian sample, although with similar values to the Mongoloid group. Conclusion: The dental patterns found for the Japanese-Brazilian descents were, in general, more similar to those of the Mongoloid sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the presence of sexual dimorphism and compare the mesiodistal width of the teeth in Caucasian, African and Japanese individuals with Brazilian ancestry not orthodontically treated and with normal occlusion. Methods: One hundred pairs of dental casts were used. It was measured, from first molar to first molar in both arches, the teeth's mesiodistal widths, using a digital caliper. For the statistical analysis of results it was used Kolmogorov- Smirnov, t test, ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Results: Sexual dimorphism occurred on the three evaluated groups, and the highest mesiodistal widths were found in males. There was statistically significant difference between racial groups in all evaluated teeth in males. However, in females, this same difference was found only on upper lateral incisor and first molar; and lower lateral incisor, canine, first premolar and first molar. Conclusion: Most of mesiodistal measures present particular characteristics in relation to gender, with higher values for males, and to race, with a tendency for African to present greater mesiodistal distance of the teeth, followed by Japanese and Caucasians, respectively, important for the correct diagnosis and orthodontic planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the normality mean values in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements of young Japanese- Brazilian, with normal occlusion and compare the results of the variables with compatible samples of young Caucasians and Mongoloids. Methods: Forty radiographs of young Caucasians, 32 of Japanese-Brazilians and 33 of Mongoloids were used. The three samples presented individuals with normal occlusion and well-balanced face. The samples were divided by gender due to the soft tissue characteristics and to facilitate comparison. The following statistical tests were performed: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with p < 0.05. Results: The Japanese-Brazilian sample of females showed thinner soft tissues in the nasion region and smaller nose when compared to the Caucasians. The Mongoloid sample showed thinner tissues in the supramentonian and pogonion regions. In males, the Japanese-Brazilians had thinner tissues in the nasion region; thicker lower lip and supramentonian region in comparison to the Caucasian sample. For the Mongoloid, soft tissue was thicker in the glabella and ANS-Sn regions. Conclusion: It is necessary to use specific soft tissue standards for this mixed race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of substances with pigmentation potential on the force degradation of aesthetic elastics chains. Methodology: The sample was composed by segments of medium force aesthetic chain elastics with six links from the Morelli and Orthometric brands. The elastics were stretched twice their length and fifty segments of each brand were divided into five groups of ten segments that were immersed in five different solutions: artificial saliva, red wine, coffee, coke, and açaí. Thus, the force resulting from the stretching of these elastic segments was evaluated in the periods just after stretching, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after immersion. The force was assessed in grams by means of a precision dynamometer. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. Results: The results induced that both commercial brands present force degradation with time; however, at certain evaluation times, there is a statistically significant difference between the commercial brands, denoting lower force values for the Morelli elastic group. There was no difference between the brands when the elastics were in solutions containing coffee and red wine. The mean force degradation after 28 days was about 30%. Conclusion: Regardless of the patient’s diet, elastics show force degradation after 28 days, emphasizing the need to measure the force throughout the orthodontic treatment in order to optimize tooth movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]